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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation0 ft asl
Fuel76 kg

Flight Score

81.56 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight992 kg
Fuel71 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
15 Apr 2024 0:07 11 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
78.11 %
Enroute Score
99.93 %
Arrival Score
58.28 %

What went well

Touchdown 84 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 7 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 60.82 m at 0 %, −3.75 points
Departure Taxi — taxi light off should be on; Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on at 0 %, peak taxi speed 38 kt at 15 %, −3.68 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 1.5 ° at 0 %, Heading variation 0.2 ° at 0 %, −3.67 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 55.93 m at 0 %, Touchdown VSI was -572 ft/m at 45 %, −3.46 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 55.87Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
15 % Average speed 35 kn31 kn min to max 38 kn 31 38 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 96.52Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.4 -1.0 °
100 % Average speed 59 kn27 kn min to max 80 kn 27 79 kn
93 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.4 4.6 °
93 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.37 g 1.00 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 775 ft/m427 ft/m min to max 1,102 ft/m 427 1,102 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 7 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °0.3 ° min to max 11.2 ° 0.5 11.0 °
Departure Climb 2 81.17Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
38 % Heading variation -2.6 °-7.0 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -7.0 °
100 % Average speed 75 kn56 kn min to max 88 kn 79 88 kn
89 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.1 ° 4.7 1.9 °
93 % Average g force 0.97 g0.63 g min to max 1.24 g 1.13 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 978 ft/m-67 ft/m min to max 2,181 ft/m 1,124 298 ft/m
Info Average altitude 164 ft agl43 ft agl min to max 381 ft agl 43 381 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °0.8 ° min to max 20.2 ° 10.8 2.5 °
Departure Climb 3 78.88Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
1 % Heading variation -9.1 °-10.0 ° min to max -7.3 ° -7.3 -10.0 °
100 % Average speed 90 kn88 kn min to max 93 kn 88 92 kn
94 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 4.4 ° 1.3 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 672 ft/m386 ft/m min to max 920 ft/m 386 673 ft/m
Info Average altitude 683 ft agl388 ft agl min to max 966 ft agl 388 966 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 3.0 3.9 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,035 ft asl to 3,419 ft asl, an increase of 1,384 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kn88 kn min to max 94 kn 91 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 0.7 3.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 683 ft/m416 ft/m min to max 1,059 ft/m 731 665 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,555 ft asl2,035 ft asl min to max 3,419 ft asl 2,035 3,419 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °2.1 ° min to max 5.6 ° 4.0 2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,736 ft asl3,653 ft asl min to max 3,766 ft asl 3,653 3,756 ft asl
100 % Average speed 96 kn87 kn min to max 106 kn 91 106 kn
100 % Average bank angle 18.5 °8.1 ° min to max 27.8 ° 8.1 25.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.87 g min to max 1.16 g 1.03 1.14 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-1.9 ° min to max 5.2 ° 4.8 -0.5 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 3,758 ft asl to 4,126 ft asl, an increase of 368 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn86 kn min to max 110 kn 107 92 kn
100 % Average bank angle 20.0 °0.6 ° min to max 28.5 ° 25.7 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.91 g min to max 1.21 g 1.17 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 569 ft/m-163 ft/m min to max 1,137 ft/m 94 -163 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,908 ft asl3,758 ft asl min to max 4,133 ft asl 3,758 4,126 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-1.5 ° min to max 6.8 ° 0.0 -1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 99.71Enroute descent started 1 mile east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,021 ft asl to 2,859 ft asl, a decrease of 1,162 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 124 kn109 kn min to max 132 kn 109 131 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.1 ° min to max 8.6 ° 0.7 0.1 °
97 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.22 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -1,366 ft/m-2,149 ft/m min to max -568 ft/m -855 -1,689 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,411 ft asl2,859 ft asl min to max 4,021 ft asl 4,021 2,859 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -7.3 °-10.8 ° min to max -3.8 ° -6.6 -9.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 111 kn98 kn min to max 133 kn 133 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 12.3 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.82 g min to max 1.19 g 0.88 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,333 ft/m-2,128 ft/m min to max -872 ft/m -1,780 -1,088 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,983 ft asl1,324 ft asl min to max 2,828 ft asl 2,828 1,324 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.6 °-9.4 ° min to max -4.6 ° -9.1 -6.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 55.97Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 275 ft agl to 18 ft agl. A decrease of 257 ft in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 1.5 °0.9 ° min to max 2.7 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 79 kn69 kn min to max 98 kn 98 69 kn
0 % Heading variation 0.2 °-1.3 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.7 -1.3 °
84 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 8.8 ° 0.1 8.8 °
91 % Average g force 1.05 g0.73 g min to max 1.41 g 1.01 0.83 g
Info Average VSI -361 ft/m-1,110 ft/m min to max 108 ft/m -1,110 -110 ft/m
Info Average altitude 57 ft agl17 ft agl min to max 275 ft agl 275 18 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-5.8 ° min to max 4.6 ° -5.8 0.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-360-270-180-90090180270360Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 63.69Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 69 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 69 kn. Target 63 kn
46 % Landing and flare profile
63 % Heading variation -1.4 °-1.4 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.3 -1.4 °
79 % Average bank angle 8.1 °5.0 ° min to max 10.0 ° 9.2 5.0 °
89 % Average g force 0.87 g0.69 g min to max 1.45 g 0.84 1.45 g
Info Average speed 68 kn67 kn min to max 69 kn 69 67 kn
Info Average VSI -359 ft/m-581 ft/m min to max -122 ft/m -122 -572 ft/m
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 15 ft agl 15 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-4.5 ° min to max 5.4 ° -0.2 5.4 °
0152944587301123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft01529445873-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 58.47Touchdown distance was good at 61 m. Touchdown speed at 67 kn was too fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -572 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 55.9 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Touchdown VSI was -572 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 61 mTarget 457 m
55 % Speed at touchdown 67 knTarget 53 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 55.93 m53.58 m right -51.50 -55.93 m
63 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 0.6 °
60 % Average g force 1.05 g0.53 g min to max 1.95 g 1.45 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 59 kn46 kn min to max 67 kn 67 46 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-4.7 ° min to max 10.4 ° 5.4 1.8 °
Arrival Rollout 55.00Total landing distance 337 m, 16 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 60.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 337 m16 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 60.82 m0.00 m left to 60.82 m right -56.02 -60.82 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.00 g
Info Average speed 48 kn32 kn min to max 55 kn 55 32 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.2 °

Events

Info Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 40 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 14 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kn26 kn min to max 26 kn 26 26 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl · 25 kt

Takeoff

96.52Rate of climb775 fpm

The approach to CYKF 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 4 nm to 2.6 nm (up to 1,180 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,4781,7961,055718387137
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 728 m left of the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND210 m L606 m L713 m L536 m L295 m L152 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height33.98
15ft
Threshold speed100.00
68kt
Centreline offset62.80
0.44m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
84m
Centreline0.00
55.93m R
Speed55.14
67kt
Touchdown rate45.08
-572fpm
Impact60.00
1.95G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, 4° of bank.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 15 ft, 35 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 84 m in, 221 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

15 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −571 fpm · 5.4° nose up · 67 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 15 ft, down at 84 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink grew from 350 fpm at 19 ft to 570 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−5°2°10°touchdown−571 fpm at touchdown5.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 56 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 20 m right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 84 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 84 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.95 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 171 m of 2,124 m · 8 %
In the air over the runway, 84 mRollout, 87 m Left over, 1,953 m
Rollout distance100.00
87m7 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
60.82m R

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