Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Start bringing the nose up as the speed reaches 50 kt, then pitch for 112 kt in the climb.
What happened: You started the rotation at 78 kt, 28 kt past the 50 kt rotation speed, and that extra speed usually carries into the climb, which was 20 kt fast as well.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 50 kt at rotation, 112 kt in the climb
Arrival
Use small rudder inputs against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline during rollout.
What happened: During the rollout the aircraft drifted 20 m off the centreline.
Watch for: Runway centreline marks: hold the aircraft tracking straight down the centreline through rollout
See Arrival Rollout
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 78 kt, 28 kt above the 50 kt target, and lifted off at 82 kt 0.8 s later, the nose coming up at 3.3° a second. Climb 3 averaged 132 kt, 20 kt over its 112 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 975 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 145 m of runway left; gear up at 59 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,020 fpm on average to 975 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,224 m runway.
Rolled from 56 m in, drifted 4 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 8 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 28 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 16 kt above the approach speed of 54 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way, banked until 2.9 nm, left of the centreline until 2.5 nm and no landing flap until 1.9 nm.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 3.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 380 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 3.2 nm, where the final began, to 2.8 nm, then drifted 109 m left between 2.8 and 2.5 nm, then inside the band from 2.5 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 3.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +63 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.2 points, mostly for the nose going up and down 2 times.
7 kt across from the left, which takes about 7° of crab to hold the centreline at 60 kt. Touched down with 7° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 210° at 12 kt · 9 kt head · 7 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 51 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 26 ft, 24 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 27 ft. Touched down 125 m in, 180 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 670 fpm at the flare to 270 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.0° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,986 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 20 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 125 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 268 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The JMB VL-3 Sprint departed from runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Take-off used 365 m, which is 30 % of the runway, and rotation was achieved at 78 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 13 °C, wind 14 kt from 213°, with a crosswind component of 8 kt and a headwind component of 11 kt.
Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 55 seconds, averaging 809 fpm and reaching 142 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1 258 ft asl to 1 741 ft asl in 1 minute while covering 2 nm, starting overhead Florstadt.
Level flight was maintained at 1 300 ft asl for 8 minutes, covering 16 nm, beginning overhead EXGB Florstadt Airport Florstadt.
During final approach to runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport, descent was from 630 ft agl to -89 ft agl in 133 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, on glideslope, on centreline, on speed, wings level. Configuration on final was flap position 1 at 776 ft agl with an airspeed of 96 kt.
Landing was made on runway 25C, whose length is 3 986 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was well above target at 65 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 125 m down the runway at a speed of 60 kt, which was noted as too fast, with a touchdown rate of -268 fpm that was fair. Runway touchdown alignment was very good and there was no bounce.
Total landing distance was 322 m, representing 8 % of the runway. The rollout alignment was misaligned by 19.9 m from the centreline. Local weather at landing was temperature 13 °C, wind 13 kt from 210°, with a crosswind component of 8 kt and a headwind component of 10 kt.
The entire flight covered 23 nm, lasted 11 minutes and used 3 kg of fuel.
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