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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

82.55 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight994 kg
Fuel73 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
26 Mar 2024 0:05 6 nm Cessna Skyhawk 3 kg
Departure Score
92.84 %
Enroute Score
91.60 %
Arrival Score
52.78 %

What went well

Touchdown 138 m in — inside the full-score zone
Airborne in 776 m — 37 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 35 %, −7.05 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 94 kn at 0 %, Runway alignment max 69.19 m at 0 %, −6.60 points
Enroute Climb — bank angle up to 56.4 ° at 67 %, g force 0.67 to 1.69 g at 75 %, −2.60 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 9 stages, 8 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 86.84Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
99 % Liftoff speed was 70 knTarget 62 kn
35 % Runway alignment max 21.92 m20.86 m left to 1.06 m right -1.06 5.30 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.5 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.0 0.8 °
Departure Climb 1 97.38Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.4 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn70 kn min to max 72 kn 70 71 kn
90 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.6 1.4 °
98 % Average g force 1.13 g0.98 g min to max 1.28 g 1.09 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 750 ft/m440 ft/m min to max 932 ft/m 440 932 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °2.9 ° min to max 9.6 ° 2.9 9.1 °
Departure Climb 2 94.29Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation -0.0 °-2.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.0 -2.2 °
100 % Average speed 66 kn49 kn min to max 71 kn 71 65 kn
83 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 8.5 ° 1.2 1.8 °
91 % Average g force 1.10 g0.60 g min to max 1.36 g 0.98 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 1,078 ft/m-200 ft/m min to max 1,694 ft/m 937 75 ft/m
Info Average altitude 126 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 324 ft agl 45 312 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.3 °-1.3 ° min to max 17.8 ° 9.2 3.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 319 ft agl · 59 kt
Enroute Climb 84.40Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,359 ft asl to 3,050 ft asl, an increase of 1,691 ft in 3 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 74 kn54 kn min to max 92 kn 67 89 kn
67 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.0 ° min to max 56.4 ° 2.6 23.9 °
75 % Average g force 1.03 g0.67 g min to max 1.69 g 0.94 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 641 ft/m-1,412 ft/m min to max 1,828 ft/m 103 -1,412 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,287 ft asl1,359 ft asl min to max 3,108 ft asl 1,359 3,050 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °-9.7 ° min to max 19.3 ° 3.1 -9.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 98.80Enroute descent started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,019 ft asl to 2,831 ft asl, a decrease of 188 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn81 kn min to max 112 kn 94 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.3 °1.6 ° min to max 15.0 ° 15.0 6.0 °
88 % Average g force 1.10 g0.54 g min to max 1.42 g 1.07 1.15 g
Info Average VSI -234 ft/m-2,401 ft/m min to max 2,407 ft/m -1,717 -1,942 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,994 ft asl2,831 ft asl min to max 3,179 ft asl 3,019 2,831 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-13.3 ° min to max 14.2 ° -9.9 -8.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 94.51Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kn95 kn min to max 118 kn 103 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.1 °0.0 ° min to max 20.1 ° 3.1 14.7 °
73 % Average g force 1.03 g0.27 g min to max 1.38 g 1.17 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -1,591 ft/m-2,902 ft/m min to max 241 ft/m -1,697 -1,212 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,701 ft asl1,073 ft asl min to max 2,805 ft asl 2,805 1,073 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -7.4 °-16.9 ° min to max 2.7 ° -6.6 -3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 81.18Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 42 ft agl to 29 ft agl. A decrease of 13 ft in 0 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Approach angle 2.0 °1.8 ° min to max 2.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.2 1.8 °
100 % Average speed 99 kn98 kn min to max 100 kn 100 98 kn
52 % Heading variation 1.6 °1.5 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.5 1.7 °
58 % Average bank angle 16.9 °14.9 ° min to max 18.5 ° 14.9 18.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.07 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -1,036 ft/m-1,188 ft/m min to max -916 ft/m -1,188 -916 ft/m
Info Average altitude 35 ft agl29 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 29 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-3.7 ° min to max -3.4 ° -3.7 -3.4 °
00.250.50.751050Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 36.53Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn. Target 63 kn
35 % Landing and flare profile
41 % Heading variation 1.9 °1.7 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.7 2.0 °
57 % Average bank angle 14.9 °10.2 ° min to max 18.6 ° 18.5 10.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.05 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.06 g
Info Average speed 96 kn94 kn min to max 98 kn 98 94 kn
Info Average VSI -803 ft/m-906 ft/m min to max -728 ft/m -906 -728 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 24 ft agl 24 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-3.6 ° min to max -3.3 ° -3.4 -3.3 °
07501123344557Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 40.63Touchdown distance was good at 113 m. Touchdown speed at 94 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -728 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 69.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
29 % Touchdown VSI was -728 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 113 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 94 knTarget 53 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 69.19 m69.06 m left 69.19 68.72 m
0 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.8 ° min to max 10.2 ° 10.2 0.8 °
69 % Average g force 1.34 g1.06 g min to max 1.79 g 1.06 1.22 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 88 kn82 kn min to max 94 kn 94 82 kn
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-6.9 ° min to max 2.7 ° -3.3 2.7 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 2.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.9° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.5° 0 s
Liftoff585 m 70 kt 2.9° 27.6 s
35 ft697 m · 2.8 s after liftoff 71 kt 9.6° 30.4 s
End of the climb1,321 m · 312 ft 65 kt 3.9° 49.4 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
776m37 %
Liftoff speed99.13
70kt
Runway alignment35.08
20.86m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb97.38
749fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 312 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,234 m of runway left; then climbing at 860 fpm on average to 312 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 194 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 21 m at the widest, and lifted off 5.4 m left. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 20.93 m LROLL 194 M INAirborne 778 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 778 m of 2,124 m · 37 %
Behind the start of the roll, 194 mTakeoff roll, 585 m Left ahead, 1,346 m

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height52.60
23ft
Threshold speed0.00
97kt
Centreline offset40.80
0.60m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
138m
Centreline0.00
69.19m L
Speed0.00
94kt
Touchdown rate28.68
-728fpm
Impact69.14
1.79G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, 9° of bank.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 23 ft, 27 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 138 m in, 167 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

23 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −727 fpm · −3.3° nose down · 94 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 23 ft, down at 138 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink stayed between 730 fpm and 810 fpm from 29 ft to the runway. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−5°2°10°touchdown−727 fpm at touchdown−3.3° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 69 m left of the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 138 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 138 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.79 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 138 m of 2,124 m · 6 %
In the air over the runway, 138 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,986 m

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