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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Hold the aim point and wait for the proper flare height before you start rotating; let the runway come up to you rather than anticipating it.
What happened: The flare began early, well above the normal flare band, and touchdown followed at 573 m past the threshold, 116 m beyond the 457 m target. Starting the flare early like this usually carries the touchdown long.
Watch for: Radio altimeter against the normal flare band, then touchdown distance against 457 m.
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 139 kt, 8 kt below the 147 kt target, and lifted off at 144 kt 2.0 s later, the nose coming up at 5.5° a second. Climb 3 averaged 167 kt, 17 kt under its 184 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 878 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 586 m of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,180 fpm on average to 878 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,220 m runway.
Rolled from 86 m in, drifted 2.1 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 61 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 30 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 11× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 35 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +20 kt on the approach speed of 133 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare. It lost 3.8 points, for starting the flare at 54 ft agl, above the usual 11 ft agl–45 ft agl.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 040° at 8 kt · 8 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 121 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 34 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare high, at 54 ft, 178 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 28 ft, 22 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 573 m in, 268 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 750 fpm at the flare to 220 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.8° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,391 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.5 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.2 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
Touched down 573 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Boeing 737-900 taxied from the parking area to runway 33 at SBCT Afonso Pena Airport in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 33 with a distance of 1,358 m, which is 61 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 139 kt. Local weather at departure was 19 °C, wind 3 kt from 050°, with a 3 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
The initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 22 seconds, averaging 2,026 fpm and reaching 170 kt at the top of the climb.
Climb continued from 3,906 ft asl to 38,860 ft asl in 39 minutes, covering 304 nm, beginning 1 mile north-east of Sao Jose dos Pinhais.
Level cruise at 39,000 ft asl was held for 114 minutes, covering 930 nm, beginning 5 miles north-east of Severinia.
Descent from 38,784 ft asl to 1,457 ft asl took 27 minutes, covering 187 nm, beginning 17 miles south-east of Barra do Corda.
Final approach to runway 06 at SBSL Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport descended from 1,351 ft agl to 72 ft agl in 104 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 3,055 ft agl and 275 kt; final flap position 8 was selected at 1,913 ft agl and 166 kt.
Landing on runway 06 was on a runway 2,391 m long with a good threshold height. Threshold speed was 136 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 152 m beyond the touchdown zone at 124 kt, with a fair touchdown rate of minus 221 fpm and very good runway-touchdown alignment. No bounce was observed.
Total landing distance was 1,057 m, 44 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect. Local weather at landing was 32 °C, wind 8 kt from 039°, with no cross-wind and an 8 kt head-wind.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 1,429 nm in 185 minutes and used 8,654 kg of fuel.
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