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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight705 kg
Fuel85 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

97.71 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight705 kg
Fuel85 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
24 Feb 2026 0:03 4 nm PA38 Tomahawk 0 kg
Departure Score
97.50 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
95.62 %

What went well

Touched down at -70 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 30 ft and 69 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 2.76 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 13.4 ° at 70 %, −0.83 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.3 ° at 50 %, −0.83 points
Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 80 %, −0.42 points

Next time

Departure

Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.

What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 2.2°, more roll than the climb out called for.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb

See Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Fly the flare as one continuous check of the sink rate from 33 ft, holding back pressure steadily rather than adjusting pitch piecemeal.

What happened: The flare drifted away from its intended profile rather than tracking it smoothly from 33 ft down to touchdown.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude and VSI through the flare, aiming to arrest the sink smoothly from 33 ft to touchdown.

See Arrival Landing

A good takeoff has a defined shape. It also has a defined end. For an airliner that's thrust reduction and acceleration, commonly somewhere around 1,000 to 1,500 ft above the airfield depending on the operator, while for a light aircraft it's established at Vy with the flaps on schedule. Most simmers have no defined end to their takeoff, which is exactly why it never gets judged.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 9 stages, 8 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport. Takeoff distance 1,061 m 59 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 65 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,061 m59 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 65 ktTarget 58 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.55 m right0.00 m left to 1.55 m right -1.55 -1.53 m
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.02 g min to max 1.22 g 1.02 1.22 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °1.5 ° min to max 5.3 ° 1.5 5.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 69 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 67 kt65 kt min to max 69 kt 65 69 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.8 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.25 g 1.24 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 512 fpm419 fpm min to max 582 fpm 419 439 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.9 ° min to max 7.1 ° 5.6 5.6 °
Departure Climb 2 92.51Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° -0.0 1.7 °
100 % Average speed 69 kt67 kt min to max 71 kt 69 69 kt
70 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.1 ° min to max 13.4 ° 1.9 13.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 1.04 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 638 fpm440 fpm min to max 870 fpm 440 792 fpm
Info Average altitude 98 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 321 ft agl 44 321 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °5.2 ° min to max 8.8 ° 5.7 7.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead EGPE Inverness Airport Inverness (Highland, Scotland). Climbing from 363 ft asl to 397 ft asl, an increase of 34 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 78 kt68 kt min to max 84 kt 68 72 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.8 °0.4 ° min to max 19.5 ° 14.4 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 0.97 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 23 fpm-631 fpm min to max 922 fpm 729 -226 fpm
Info Average altitude 610 ft asl363 ft asl min to max 750 ft asl 363 397 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-4.5 ° min to max 8.0 ° 6.6 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 733 ft agl · 82 kt
Arrival Final 1 90.09Approaching runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 367 ft agl to 46 ft agl. A decrease of 321 ft in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
50 % Approach angle 3.3 °2.5 ° min to max 4.4 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 2.5 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt69 kt min to max 75 kt 71 69 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.12 g 0.97 1.12 g
Info Average VSI -613 fpm-770 fpm min to max -264 fpm -264 -504 fpm
Info Average altitude 115 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 367 ft agl 367 46 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.4 °-4.8 ° min to max -0.3 ° -1.4 -0.3 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 95.02Landing on runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 69 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 69 kt. Target 62 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
80 % Good landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.04 m left0.04 m left to 0.00 m left 0.00 0.04 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 0.97 g
Info Average speed 53 kt38 kt min to max 69 kt 69 38 kt
Info Average VSI -130 fpm-493 fpm min to max -25 fpm -493 -69 fpm
Info Average altitude 2 ft agl-10 ft agl min to max 30 ft agl 30 -10 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °-0.3 ° min to max 8.7 ° -0.3 8.7 °
07515022530037545052560067501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.90Touchdown point was 142 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 38 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -69 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -69 fpm.
86 % Touchdown distance was 585 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 38 ktTarget below 48 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.77 m left2.74 m left 2.68 2.76 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 37 kt37 kt min to max 38 kt 38 37 kt
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °8.7 ° min to max 9.0 ° 8.7 9.0 °
Arrival Rollout 99.48Total landing distance 859 m, 47 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 859 m47 % of runway.
99 % Runway alignment max 3.37 m left3.37 m left to 0.00 m left 2.75 1.58 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 43 kt32 kt min to max 46 kt 46 32 kt
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °-1.0 ° min to max 10.7 ° 9.1 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 3 ft agl · 43 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3 ft agl · 42 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 6 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kt3 kt min to max 29 kt 29 3 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-1.7 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 0.99 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 65 kt with 3.1° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.1° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 64 kt 1.5° 0 s
Liftoff9 m · target 58 65 kt 3.1° 0.2 s
35 ft185 m · 4.9 s after liftoff 68 kt 4.9° 5.1 s
End of the climb1,106 m · 321 ft 69 kt 7.3° 31.0 s

Takeoff from EGPE 23

Takeoff roll100.00
1,061m58 %
Liftoff speed100.00
65kttarget 58, 7 fast
Runway alignment100.00
1.55m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
511fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 321 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 590 m of runway left; then climbing at 630 fpm on average to 321 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 65 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 1,039 m in, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.40 m RROLL 1,039 M INAirborne 1,048 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,048 m of 1,814 m · 58 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,039 mTakeoff roll, 9 m Left ahead, 765 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.9 nm, about 420 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 300 ft gate.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EGPE 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 110 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND294300 ft gate7 of 7424 ft · 81 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 233 m left of the centreline at 1.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.9 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND0 m R29 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +11 kt on the approach speed of 70 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 70+2 kt−1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
30ft
Threshold speed100.00
69kttarget 70, 1 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.04m L

Touchdown

Past threshold86.03
585m
Centreline100.00
2.77m L
Speed100.00
37kttarget 68 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-70fpm
Impact100.00
1.04G
BouncesOk
None
The flare80.07

Good landing flare

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 47 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 15 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 291 mtouchdown303 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 30 ft, 20 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 585 m in, 280 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

30 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −60 fpm · 8.7° nose up · 38 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 30 ft, down at 585 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 350 fpm at 30 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 9.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−60 fpm at touchdown8.7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.8 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.1 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 585 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 585 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 845 m of 1,814 m · 47 %
In the air over the runway, 585 mRollout, 260 m Left over, 969 m
Rollout distance100.00
260m47 % used
Rollout alignment98.83
3.37m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, a small airport located in the Highland region of Scotland. The PA38 Tomahawk aircraft, a single-engine training plane, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 65 kt. The takeoff distance was 1,061 meters, which is 59% of the runway's total length.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it encountered local weather conditions of 15°C temperature and a gentle wind of 1 kt from the west. The climb was initiated overhead the airport, with the aircraft rising from an altitude of 363 ft above sea level to 397 ft, an increase of 34 ft over a period of 2 minutes. During this time, the aircraft covered a distance of 3 nm.

The final approach to runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport was made from the south-west, with the aircraft heading at 49.0° and at an altitude of 367 ft above ground level. The approach was made at a distance of 1 nm from the runway threshold.

The landing was executed smoothly, with the aircraft touching down at a speed of 38 kt. The touchdown point was 142 meters beyond the touchdown zone, but the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The touchdown rate was excellent at -69 fpm, indicating a controlled descent. The local weather conditions remained the same, with a temperature of 15°C and a gentle wind of 1 kt from the west.

The total landing distance was 859 meters, which is 47% of the runway's total length. The runway rollout alignment was also very good, indicating a smooth and controlled deceleration of the aircraft. The total flight distance was 4 nm, and the flight duration was 3 minutes. Notably, the aircraft used no fuel during the flight, suggesting a highly efficient operation.

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