KBUF to CYYZ Flight Report - Cessna CJ4 Citation

Flight from KBUF to CYYZ

Saturday, 22 March 2025 02:00

Minutes 52

115 nm

Fuel 747 lbs

Cessna CJ4 Citation

Departure

Runway 23 at KBUF

Buffalo Niagara International Airport

Buffalo, New York, United States

Altitude

702 ft asl

Weight

12,090 lbs

Fuel

1,340 lbs

Temperature

68 °F

Wind Speed

12 kt

Wind Direction

180.0 °

Headwind

8 kt

Crosswind

8 kt

Arrival

Runway 24L at CYYZ

Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport

Toronto Ontario, Canada

545 ft asl

Altitude

11,343 lbs

Weight

593 lbs

Fuel

41 °F

Temperature

19 kt

Wind Speed

200.0 °

Wind Direction

17 kt

Headwind

8 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 87.15%

Departure Score 95.38%

Enroute Score 99.67%

Arrival Score 66.41%

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. The aircraft, a Cessna CJ4 Citation, took off with a takeoff distance of 617 meters, which accounted for 27% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 144 knots.

As the aircraft climbed out of KBUF, it encountered local weather conditions of 4°C temperature and a wind of 13 knots at 179 degrees. The crosswind was 9 knots, and the headwind was also 9 knots. The enroute climb started overhead the airport, where the aircraft climbed from 1,701 feet above sea level to 5,183 feet above sea level, an increase of 3,482 feet in 5 minutes, covering 15 nautical miles.

After reaching the desired altitude, the aircraft entered a level cruise, which lasted 11 minutes and covered 43 nautical miles. This cruise phase took place 2 miles east of Niagara Falls. The aircraft then began its descent, starting 2 miles southwest of CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. The descent from 5,583 feet above sea level to 2,885 feet above sea level, a decrease of 2,698 feet in 5 minutes, covered 19 nautical miles.

Following the descent, the aircraft entered another level cruise phase, which started 3 miles southwest of CPM5 Volk Airport and lasted 11 minutes, covering 21 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its final descent, starting 1 mile north of Hillcrest Village. The descent from 2,647 feet above sea level to 1,654 feet above sea level, a decrease of 993 feet in 3 minutes, covered 5 nautical miles.

The aircraft then entered a short level cruise phase, lasting 2 minutes and covering 5 nautical miles, as it flew overhead Bathurst Manor. The final approach to runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport was made from the northeast, heading 227.0 degrees at 4 nautical miles and 588 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 24L was notable for several factors. The threshold height at 146 feet above ground level was excessively over target, and the threshold speed was excessively high at 151 knots. The touchdown point was very long, using more than 50% of the available runway. The touchdown speed at 143 knots was also excessively fast, and the touchdown rate was firm at -338 feet per minute. Additionally, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 meters from the centerline.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were 5°C temperature and a wind of 19 knots at 200 degrees. The crosswind was 8 knots, and the headwind was 17 knots. The total landing distance was 2,325 meters, which accounted for 85% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also misaligned by 26.5 meters from the centerline.

After landing, the aircraft took 14 minutes to taxi to the parking area from the runway, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 115 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 52 minutes. The aircraft used 339 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages KBUF to CYYZ

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Departure Runway Entry

Entering runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, Average speed was 6 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 0 kt 0 kt min to max 0 kt	0		0 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -1.7 ° -2.2 ° min to max 0.0 °	0.0		-2.2 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.0		0.1 °
Info	Average g force 0.99 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		0.99 g
Info	Battery Master On at 02:00:19
Info	Engine 1 Started at 02:00:19
Info	Engine 2 Started at 02:00:19
Info	Beacon Lights Switched On at 02:00:19
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 02:00:19
Info	Navigation Lights Switched On at 02:00:19
Info	Strobe Lights Switched On at 02:00:19
Info	Landing Gear Down at 02:00:19
Info	Parking Brake On at 02:00:19
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 02:00:19
Info	Pitot Heat Switched On at 02:02:20
Info	Parking Brake Off at 02:02:20
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 02:02:21
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 02:02:21
Info	Parking Brake On at 02:02:21
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 02:02:21
Info	Parking Brake Off at 02:02:43
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 02:03:05
Info	Taxi Lights Switched Off at 02:03:05
Info	Parking Brake On at 02:03:05
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 02:03:05
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 02:15:35
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 02:15:37
Info	Parking Brake Off at 02:15:43

Departure Roll

94.33 %

Departure roll runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. Takeoff distance 617 m 27 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 144 kt. Local weather - Temperature 4 °C. Wind 13 kt at 179 °. Crosswind: 9 kt Headwind: 9 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Takeoff distance 617 m 27 % of runway
95.7 %	Liftoff speed was 144 kt Target 130 kt
75.96 %	Runway alignment max 18.17 m 8.53 m left to 9.64 m right	-1.65		8.53 m
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.97 g min to max 1.08 g	0.99		1.04 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle -1.9 ° -2.4 ° min to max 0.0 °	-2.2		0.0 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.1		0.3 °

Departure Climb 1

98.95 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
97.44 %	Heading variation -1.0 ° -1.2 ° min to max -0.6 °	-0.6		-1.2 °
100 %	Average speed 153 kt 144 kt min to max 164 kt	144		164 kt
98.37 %	Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.6 °	0.4		2.5 °
100 %	Average g force 1.17 g 1.04 g min to max 1.40 g	1.04		1.40 g
Info	Average VSI 604 fpm 227 fpm min to max 1,056 fpm	227		1,056 fpm
Info	Average altitude 6 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl	0		35 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 2.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 7.2 °	0.0		7.2 °

Departure Climb 2

99.71 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation -1.0 ° -1.2 ° min to max -0.6 °	-1.2		-0.6 °
100 %	Average speed 167 kt 165 kt min to max 171 kt	165		169 kt
98.84 %	Average bank angle 1.9 ° 1.4 ° min to max 2.4 °	2.3		1.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.17 g 0.93 g min to max 1.42 g	1.41		0.98 g
Info	Average VSI 2,169 fpm 1,216 fpm min to max 2,738 fpm	1,216		2,712 fpm
Info	Average altitude 170 ft agl 41 ft agl min to max 380 ft agl	41		380 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 8.7 ° 7.9 ° min to max 9.4 °	7.9		8.3 °

Departure Climb 3

88.51 %

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.8 ° -0.2 ° min to max 2.0 °	-0.2		2.0 °
100 %	Average speed 163 kt 160 kt min to max 169 kt	169		160 kt
92.55 %	Average bank angle 2.6 ° 1.9 ° min to max 4.8 °	2.0		4.8 °
100 %	Average g force 0.96 g 0.93 g min to max 1.00 g	1.00		0.93 g
0 %	Landing gear up
Info	Average VSI 2,320 fpm 1,659 fpm min to max 2,696 fpm	2,696		1,659 fpm
Info	Average altitude 732 ft agl 469 ft agl min to max 958 ft agl	469		958 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 7.1 ° 4.3 ° min to max 8.7 °	8.4		4.3 °
Info	Gear Not Retracted at 02:16:35

Enroute Climb

100 %

Enroute climb started overhead KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport Buffalo (New York, United States). Climbing from 1,701 ft asl to 5,183 ft asl, an increase of 3,482 ft in 5 minutes and covering 15 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 175 kt 153 kt min to max 258 kt	160		258 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 8.6 ° 0.2 ° min to max 14.8 °	5.6		1.3 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.89 g min to max 1.17 g	0.95		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI 1,222 fpm 62 fpm min to max 2,714 fpm	1,527		62 fpm
Info	Average altitude 2,978 ft asl 1,701 ft asl min to max 5,183 ft asl	1,701		5,183 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 3.2 ° -0.3 ° min to max 8.0 °	3.8		-0.3 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Master Switched On at 02:17:45
Info	Autopilot Flight Director Activated at 02:17:45
Info	Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated at 02:17:45
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 02:17:50
Info	Landing Gear Up at 02:18:06
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Activated at 02:18:07
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated at 02:18:20
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Activated at 02:18:21
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 02:19:42
Info	Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 02:21:36

Enroute Level

98.01 %

Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Niagara Falls (New York, United States) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 43 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 5,519 ft asl 5,192 ft asl min to max 5,737 ft asl	5,192		5,605 ft asl
90.04 %	Average speed 239 kt 232 kt min to max 259 kt	259		232 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.2 ° min to max 2.9 °	1.5		1.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.04 g	1.01		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle -0.1 ° -0.6 ° min to max 0.4 °	-0.4		0.1 °
Info	Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 02:21:46
Info	Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 02:24:55

Enroute Descent

100 %

Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 5,583 ft asl to 2,885 ft asl, a decrease of 2,698 ft in 5 minutes and covering 19 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 228 kt 205 kt min to max 255 kt	233		205 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 13.7 ° 0.2 ° min to max 31.5 °	0.5		13.6 °
100 %	Average g force 1.06 g 0.89 g min to max 1.25 g	1.01		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -326 fpm -1,536 fpm min to max 143 fpm	-300		86 fpm
Info	Average altitude 3,889 ft asl 2,861 ft asl min to max 5,583 ft asl	5,583		2,885 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.0 ° -3.7 ° min to max 0.7 °	-0.7		0.1 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Enroute Level 2

100 %

Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south west of CPM5 Volk Airport Tottenham (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 21 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 2,901 ft asl 2,654 ft asl min to max 3,002 ft asl	2,885		2,654 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 177 kt 130 kt min to max 239 kt	205		145 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 6.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 31.8 °	10.8		8.3 °
100 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.90 g min to max 1.18 g	1.04		1.04 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 0.1 ° -1.5 ° min to max 3.0 °	-0.2		0.8 °
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 02:41:00
Info	Landing Gear Down at 02:43:31

Enroute Descent 2

100 %

Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Hillcrest Village (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,647 ft asl to 1,654 ft asl, a decrease of 993 ft in 3 minutes and covering 5 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 144 kt 139 kt min to max 148 kt	145		143 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 3.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 9.2 °	7.0		3.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.92 g min to max 1.10 g	1.07		0.97 g
Info	Average VSI -330 fpm -671 fpm min to max -99 fpm	-469		-303 fpm
Info	Average altitude 2,087 ft asl 1,654 ft asl min to max 2,647 ft asl	2,647		1,654 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.1 ° -1.1 ° min to max 1.5 °	1.1		-0.3 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:51:26
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:51:30
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:51:31
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:51:32
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:51:46
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:51:56
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:52:04

Enroute Level 3

100 %

Enroute level cruise started overhead Bathurst Manor (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 1,426 ft asl 1,139 ft asl min to max 1,649 ft asl	1,649		1,139 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 146 kt 142 kt min to max 150 kt	143		148 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 1.9 ° 0.0 ° min to max 6.6 °	4.4		2.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.87 g min to max 1.09 g	1.08		0.97 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle -0.5 ° -1.6 ° min to max 1.1 °	0.6		-0.6 °
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:52:31
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:52:32
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:52:34
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:52:38
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:52:39
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:53:00
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:53:05
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:53:07
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:53:17
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:53:45
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:53:47

Arrival Final 4

99.55 %

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 588 ft agl to 439 ft agl. A decrease of 150 ft in 25 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 1.4 ° 1.4 ° min to max 1.4 ° Target 3.0 °	1.4		1.4 °
100 %	Average speed 149 kt 148 kt min to max 152 kt	149		150 kt
100 %	Heading variation -0.8 ° -1.0 ° min to max -0.7 °	-0.7		-1.0 °
97.73 %	Average bank angle 1.7 ° 0.1 ° min to max 3.8 °	0.7		3.1 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.94 g min to max 1.06 g	0.99		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -347 fpm -490 fpm min to max -248 fpm	-329		-396 fpm
Info	Average altitude 517 ft agl 439 ft agl min to max 588 ft agl	588		439 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.7 ° -1.4 ° min to max 0.4 °	-0.6		0.4 °
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 02:54:44
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 02:54:45

Arrival Final 3

98.41 %

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 432 ft agl to 362 ft agl. A decrease of 70 ft in 24 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 1.5 ° 1.4 ° min to max 1.7 ° Target 3.0 °	1.4		1.7 °
100 %	Average speed 146 kt 142 kt min to max 150 kt	149		142 kt
100 %	Heading variation -1.2 ° -1.4 ° min to max -1.0 °	-1.0		-1.3 °
92.05 %	Average bank angle 2.8 ° 0.1 ° min to max 5.9 °	2.8		3.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.85 g min to max 1.12 g	0.98		0.85 g
Info	Average VSI -180 fpm -384 fpm min to max 129 fpm	-384		32 fpm
Info	Average altitude 385 ft agl 357 ft agl min to max 432 ft agl	432		362 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.7 ° -0.4 ° min to max 2.5 °	0.1		1.7 °
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:55:13
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:55:17
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:55:23

Arrival Final 2

82.06 %

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 360 ft agl to 416 ft agl. A decrease of 57 ft in 34 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
72.89 %	Approach angle 3.0 ° 1.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° Target 3.0 °	1.8		5.4 °
100 %	Average speed 143 kt 139 kt min to max 147 kt	142		139 kt
94.08 %	Heading variation 0.4 ° -1.2 ° min to max 2.8 °	-1.2		2.7 °
53.92 %	Average bank angle 7.3 ° 0.5 ° min to max 20.0 °	2.0		0.7 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.78 g min to max 1.23 g	0.99		0.80 g
Info	Average VSI 97 fpm -297 fpm min to max 515 fpm	-71		-76 fpm
Info	Average altitude 384 ft agl 355 ft agl min to max 419 ft agl	360		416 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.2 ° -0.5 ° min to max 3.2 °	1.5		-0.5 °
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:55:28
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:55:29
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:55:35
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:55:37
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:55:40
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:55:42
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:55:50
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:55:52
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 02:56:02

Arrival Final 1

72.48 %

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 409 ft agl to 168 ft agl. A decrease of 241 ft in 16 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
35.92 %	Approach angle 7.9 ° 5.6 ° min to max 14.2 ° Target 3.0 °	5.6		14.2 °
100 %	Average speed 143 kt 136 kt min to max 149 kt	136		149 kt
57.2 %	Heading variation 1.1 ° 0.7 ° min to max 1.6 °	1.6		0.7 °
69.25 %	Average bank angle 6.6 ° 1.3 ° min to max 15.1 °	5.0		3.1 °
100 %	Average g force 0.97 g 0.82 g min to max 1.16 g	0.90		1.01 g
Info	Average VSI -851 fpm -1,201 fpm min to max -302 fpm	-302		-1,201 fpm
Info	Average altitude 297 ft agl 168 ft agl min to max 409 ft agl	409		168 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.7 ° -3.8 ° min to max 0.0 °	-1.6		-3.8 °
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 02:56:13

Arrival Landing

21.43 %

Landing on runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 2,741 m. Threshold height at 146 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
0 %	Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt. Target 92 kt
0 %	Target 50 ft agl
0 %	Landing and flare profile
92.4 %	Heading variation 0.0 ° -0.4 ° min to max 0.7 °	0.7		-0.3 °
71.89 %	Average bank angle 3.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 13.3 °	0.6		8.3 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.90 g min to max 1.17 g	1.05		1.04 g
Info	Average speed 146 kt 141 kt min to max 154 kt	151		143 kt
Info	Average VSI -298 fpm -1,197 fpm min to max -187 fpm	-1,197		-338 fpm
Info	Average altitude 42 ft agl -12 ft agl min to max 146 ft agl	146		-12 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.9 ° -3.8 ° min to max -0.3 °	-3.8		-1.1 °

Arrival Touchdown

57.94 %

Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 143 kt was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -338 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 5 °C. Wind 19 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Headwind: 17 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
91.8 %	Touchdown VSI was -338 fpm.
0 %	Touchdown distance was 1,844 m Target 457 m
0 %	Speed at touchdown 143 kt Target below 90 kt
92.19 %	Runway alignment max 5.19 m 4.80 m right	-4.28		-5.19 m
23.29 %	Average bank angle 5.4 ° 3.4 ° min to max 8.3 °	8.3		3.4 °
100 %	Average g force 1.14 g 1.04 g min to max 1.35 g	1.04		1.06 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 142 kt 142 kt min to max 143 kt	143		143 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -1.5 ° -1.7 ° min to max -1.1 °	-1.1		-1.7 °

Arrival Rollout

32.84 %

Total landing distance 2,325 m, 85 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 26.5 m from centreline.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
60.75 %	Landing distance 2,325 m 85 % of runway.
14.69 %	Runway alignment max 26.45 m 0.00 m left to 26.45 m right	-5.34		-1.61 m
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.71 g min to max 1.08 g	1.02		0.71 g
Info	Average speed 118 kt 71 kt min to max 127 kt	127		71 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -3.2 ° -5.8 ° min to max -2.1 °	-2.1		-5.8 °
Info	Average bank angle 3.8 ° 0.2 ° min to max 13.8 °	2.9		13.8 °

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 38 kt 25 kt min to max 63 kt	63		25 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -2.8 ° -5.6 ° min to max -1.7 °	-2.8		-1.9 °
Info	Average bank angle 2.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 12.5 °	0.2		0.7 °
Info	Average g force 0.98 g 0.85 g min to max 1.04 g	0.99		0.98 g

Arrival Taxi

66.6 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 14 minutes and covered 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
90 %	Average speed 14 kt 0 kt min to max 26 kt	24		0 kt
32.5 %	Average speed turning corners 16 kt max 22 kt	0		0 kt
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.02 g	0.99		0.99 g
Info	Average pitch angle -1.7 ° -2.4 ° min to max -1.0 °	-1.8		-1.9 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.0 °	0.8		0.3 °
Info	Parking Brake On at 02:58:46
Info	Parking Brake Off at 03:01:12
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 03:01:42
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 03:01:42
Info	Parking Brake On at 03:11:18
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 03:11:20
52 %	Taxi Lights at 03:04:24

Takeoff on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport in the Cessna CJ4 Citation

95.38 %

94.33 %

Takeoff Roll

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 2,025 ft using 26.75 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

95.7 %

Liftoff speed was 144 kn - Target 130 kn

Alignment

75.96 %

28.0 ft left to 31.6 ft right

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

100 %

Switched On

Landing Lights

100 %

Switched On

100 %

Speed

Info

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

98.95 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Heading

97.44 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

98.37 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

99.71 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

98.84 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

88.51 %

Climb 3

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

92.55 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

Landing on runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport in the Cessna CJ4 Citation

Landing Score 46.17 %

Landing Summary

The Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft has successfully landed at Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, but the landing was not without its challenges. The aircraft's final approach to runway 24L from the northeast, heading 227.0° at 4 nautical miles and 588 feet above ground level (agl), was executed, but the landing parameters were not met.

The threshold height at 146 ft agl was excessively over target, indicating that the aircraft descended too slowly or too late, which could have resulted in a longer landing distance. Additionally, the threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt, suggesting that the aircraft was not slowed down sufficiently before touching down on the runway. The touchdown point was very long, using more than 50% of the available runway, which could have increased the risk of running out of runway or encountering obstacles.

The touchdown speed of 143 kt was also excessively fast, which could have resulted in a firm touchdown rate of -338 fpm. This firm touchdown rate may have caused the aircraft to bounce or skid upon landing, potentially affecting the safety of the passengers and crew. Furthermore, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 meters from the centreline, which could have affected the aircraft's stability and control during the landing roll.

The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were characterized by a temperature of 5°C and a wind speed of 19 kt from 200°. The crosswind component was 8 kt, while the headwind component was 17 kt. These wind conditions may have contributed to the challenges faced during the landing.

The total landing distance of 2,325 meters was 85% of the available runway, indicating that the aircraft had a significant amount of runway remaining after touchdown. However, the runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 26.5 meters from the centreline, which could have affected the aircraft's stability and control during the landing roll.

Overall, while the Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft successfully landed at Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, the landing parameters were not met, and the aircraft experienced some challenges during the landing. These challenges highlight the importance of precise flight planning, execution, and adherence to standard operating procedures to ensure safe and successful landings.

99.55 %

Final 4

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 588 ft agl to 439 ft agl. A decrease of 150 ft in 25 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Good heading alignment

Glideslope

100 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

100 %

Bank

97.73 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

98.41 %

Final 3

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 432 ft agl to 362 ft agl. A decrease of 70 ft in 24 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

100 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

100 %

Bank

92.05 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

82.06 %

Final 2

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 360 ft agl to 416 ft agl. A decrease of 57 ft in 34 seconds.

Glideslope

72.89 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

94.08 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

72.89 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

94.08 %

Bank

53.92 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

72.48 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 409 ft agl to 168 ft agl. A decrease of 241 ft in 16 seconds.

Glideslope

35.92 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

57.2 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

35.92 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

57.2 %