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KBUF
Buffalo, United States
Runway 23
Elevation679 ft asl
Weight11,979 lbs
Fuel1,339 lbs
Wind230° · 25 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

91.09 %
CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 33L
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight11,626 lbs
Fuel936 lbs
Wind300° · 22 kn · 6 kn cross
31 Mar 2025 0:32 67 nm Cessna CJ4 Citation 403 lbs
Departure Score
94.50 %
Enroute Score
96.51 %
Arrival Score
82.27 %

What went well

Touched down at -280 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,205 ft in — inside the full-score zone
1.21 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 145 kt. at 0 %, −1.08 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 136 kt at 0 %, Landing Bounce at 80 %, −1.02 points
Arrival Rollout — bounce at touchdown; Runway alignment max 17.89 m at 53 %, −0.88 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 88.53Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-2.2 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.8 -1.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 2 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, Average speed was 27 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt4 kt min to max 13 kt 4 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-2.3 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.6 -2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Roll 87.59Departure roll runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,035 m 45 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 164 kt. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 27 kt at 229 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 27 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,035 m45 % of runway
57 % Liftoff speed was 164 ktTarget 130 kt
81 % Runway alignment max 13.26 m8.28 m left to 4.99 m right 2.16 -4.99 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.14 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-2.5 ° min to max -0.2 ° -2.3 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 167 kt162 kt min to max 174 kt 164 174 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.95 g min to max 1.19 g 1.16 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 550 fpm334 fpm min to max 634 fpm 334 634 fpm
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 0 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° -0.1 0.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 174 kt170 kt min to max 184 kt 173 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.5 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 753 fpm628 fpm min to max 1,591 fpm 635 1,158 fpm
Info Average altitude 93 ft agl42 ft agl min to max 346 ft agl 42 346 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °0.9 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.9 1.8 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 211 ft agl · 179 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 291 ft agl · 180 kt
Departure Climb 3 96.35Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.6 1.6 °
100 % Average speed 218 kt181 kt min to max 244 kt 181 244 kt
82 % Average bank angle 3.7 °0.0 ° min to max 8.9 ° 1.8 8.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.19 g 0.94 1.14 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 807 fpm134 fpm min to max 1,066 fpm 1,066 613 fpm
Info Average altitude 627 ft agl363 ft agl min to max 921 ft agl 363 921 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.3 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.6 1.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 432 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 969 ft agl · 244 kt
Enroute Climb 93.63Enroute climb started overhead Sloan (New York, United States). Climbing from 1,654 ft asl to 7,836 ft asl, an increase of 6,181 ft in 6 minutes and covering 21 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Average speed 248 kt234 kt min to max 272 kt 249 249 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.7 °0.3 ° min to max 26.9 ° 11.6 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.14 g 0.96 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 964 fpm635 fpm min to max 1,554 fpm 772 1,461 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,635 ft asl1,654 ft asl min to max 7,836 ft asl 1,654 7,836 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °0.8 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.2 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,694 ft agl
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 1,118 ft agl · 272 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 1,364 ft agl · 270 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of CYSN Niagara District Airport Niagara-on-the-Lake (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 8,166 ft asl7,936 ft asl min to max 8,334 ft asl 7,936 8,333 ft asl
100 % Average speed 256 kt248 kt min to max 274 kt 249 270 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.1 ° min to max 8.5 ° 6.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.77 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.7 -0.5 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 8,265 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8,085 ft agl · 308 kt
Enroute Descent 92.58Enroute descent started 3 miles north west of St. Catharines (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 8,335 ft asl to 2,972 ft asl, a decrease of 5,363 ft in 5 minutes and covering 20 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
81 % Average speed 249 kt237 kt min to max 268 kt 268 237 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.6 °0.1 ° min to max 33.2 ° 5.2 6.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.96 g min to max 1.38 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,079 fpm-1,620 fpm min to max 104 fpm 5 104 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,891 ft asl2,948 ft asl min to max 8,336 ft asl 8,335 2,972 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-3.7 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.6 0.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 8,335 ft agl
Enroute Level 2 99.83Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south of New Toronto (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Average altitude 2,994 ft asl2,320 ft asl min to max 3,097 ft asl 2,972 2,320 ft asl
100 % Average speed 210 kt171 kt min to max 237 kt 237 173 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.7 °0.0 ° min to max 28.3 ° 6.0 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 0.85 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-5.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 -5.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,779 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,043 ft agl · 179 kt
Arrival Final 4 81.60Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,742 ft agl to 1,330 ft agl. A decrease of 412 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
42 % Approach angle 5.3 °5.2 ° min to max 5.4 °Target 3.0 ° 5.4 5.2 °
100 % Average speed 176 kt172 kt min to max 180 kt 173 180 kt
90 % Heading variation -2.9 °-3.3 ° min to max -2.4 ° -3.3 -2.4 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.2 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.7 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 0.91 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -1,897 fpm-1,966 fpm min to max -1,846 fpm -1,858 -1,922 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,527 ft agl1,330 ft agl min to max 1,742 ft agl 1,742 1,330 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-5.6 ° min to max -4.7 ° -5.2 -5.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 1,567 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,673 ft agl · 179 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,411 ft agl · 183 kt
Arrival Final 3 79.33Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,297 ft agl to 883 ft agl. A decrease of 414 ft in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Approach angle 5.0 °4.8 ° min to max 5.2 °Target 3.0 ° 5.2 4.8 °
100 % Average speed 177 kt174 kt min to max 181 kt 180 181 kt
99 % Heading variation -1.3 °-2.1 ° min to max -0.5 ° -2.1 -0.5 °
80 % Average bank angle 6.8 °2.0 ° min to max 10.5 ° 3.8 6.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,921 fpm-1,999 fpm min to max -1,814 fpm -1,966 -1,861 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,083 ft agl883 ft agl min to max 1,297 ft agl 1,297 883 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.5 °-5.9 ° min to max -5.2 ° -5.4 -5.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 927 ft agl · 184 kt
22.252.52.7531,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,250Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-840-630-420-2100210420630840Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 86.76Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 852 ft agl to 390 ft agl. A decrease of 462 ft in 12 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
60 % Approach angle 4.4 °3.6 ° min to max 4.8 °Target 3.0 ° 4.8 3.6 °
100 % Average speed 188 kt182 kt min to max 192 kt 182 188 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.2 °
94 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.74 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 0.84 g
Info Average VSI -2,076 fpm-2,702 fpm min to max -1,835 fpm -1,835 -2,183 fpm
Info Average altitude 645 ft agl390 ft agl min to max 852 ft agl 852 390 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.8 °-9.2 ° min to max -5.5 ° -5.5 -9.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 927 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 519 ft agl · 192 kt
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700750800Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-200-150-100-50050100150200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 350 ft agl to 56 ft agl. A decrease of 294 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °2.9 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.4 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 156 kt143 kt min to max 189 kt 189 145 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.2 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.4 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.35 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -787 fpm-2,301 fpm min to max -587 fpm -2,301 -680 fpm
Info Average altitude 123 ft agl56 ft agl min to max 350 ft agl 350 56 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.0 °-8.6 ° min to max -2.3 ° -8.6 -2.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 927 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 296 ft agl · 186 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 261 ft agl · 181 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-160-120-80-4004080120160Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 74.00Landing on runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 2,408 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 145 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 145 kt. Target 92 kt
100 % Target 50 ft agl
96 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °1.1 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 0.97 1.05 g
Info Average speed 139 kt136 kt min to max 145 kt 145 136 kt
Info Average VSI -570 fpm-701 fpm min to max -280 fpm -683 -280 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 53 ft agl 53 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -2.6 -0.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 4 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 4 ft agl · 137 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-110-88-66-44-22022446688110Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 75.45Touchdown distance was good at 369 m. Touchdown speed at 136 kt was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -280 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 6 °C. Wind 22 kt at 300 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 21 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Touchdown VSI was -280 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 369 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 136 ktTarget below 91 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.03 m2.58 m right -3.03 -2.02 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.03 g min to max 1.21 g 1.05 1.03 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 135 kt132 kt min to max 136 kt 136 132 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.2 °
Arrival Rollout 78.98Total landing distance 1,090 m, 45 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 15.9 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,090 m45 % of runway.
53 % Runway alignment max 17.89 m15.86 m left to 2.02 m right -2.02 15.86 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.15 g 1.03 1.01 g
Info Average speed 102 kt57 kt min to max 112 kt 112 57 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-2.5 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 0.0 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 2 ft agl · 118 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 58 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 40 kt13 kt min to max 56 kt 56 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-2.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -2.0 -1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.47 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2 ft agl · 30 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 28 kt
Arrival Taxi 82.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 12 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
66 % Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 30 kt 14 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 17 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-3.0 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.8 -1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Taxi Lights
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl

Takeoff

OkTaxi lightsSet
100.00Takeoff roll3,396 ft · 45 %
57.01Liftoff speed164 kt · target 130, 34 fast
80.94Runway alignment27.2 ft L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
100.00Rate of climb550 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

100.00Threshold height52 ft
0.00Threshold speed145 kt · target 92, 53 fast
100.00Centreline offset0.1 ft R

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYYZ 33L

Past threshold100.00
1,205ft
Centreline100.00
6.6ft R
Speed0.00
136kttarget 90, 46 fast
Touchdown rate93.79
-280fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
Bounces80.00
1

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

52 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 52 ft, down at 1,205 ft

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 7,901 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,205 ft past threshold CLEARED

The 1,205 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 3,433 ft of 7,901 ft · 43 %
Rollout distance100.00
2,228ft44 % used
Rollout alignment53.29
52.0ft L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking to the runway, which took 10 minutes and covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. The aircraft, a Cessna CJ4 Citation, then departed from runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. The takeoff distance was 1,035 meters, which accounted for 45% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 164 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 27 knots from a direction of 229 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 3 knots and a headwind of 27 knots. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, starting overhead Sloan in New York, United States. The climb took 6 minutes and covered a distance of 21 nautical miles, during which the aircraft ascended from an altitude of 1,654 feet above sea level to 7,836 feet above sea level, an increase of 6,181 feet.

Following the enroute climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise, starting 2 miles south east of CYSN Niagara District Airport in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. This cruise lasted for 2 minutes and covered a distance of 7 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its enroute descent, starting 3 miles north west of St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The descent took 5 minutes and covered a distance of 20 nautical miles, during which the aircraft descended from an altitude of 8,335 feet above sea level to 2,972 feet above sea level, a decrease of 5,363 feet.

The aircraft then entered another level cruise, starting 4 miles south of New Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This cruise lasted for 2 minutes and covered a distance of 8 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport was made from the south east, heading 309.0 degrees at a distance of 3 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,742 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 33L was successful, with a touchdown distance of 369 meters, which was 45% of the runway length. However, the threshold speed was excessively high at 145 knots, and the touchdown speed was excessively fast at 136 knots. The touchdown rate was fair at -280 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 6 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 22 knots from a direction of 300 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 6 knots and a headwind of 21 knots.

The aircraft then taxied to the parking from the runway, which took 12 minutes and covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 67 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 32 minutes. The aircraft used 183 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport in the Cessna Citation CJ4
94.5 %
88.53 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 2 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
71.33 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
0 -1 -2
87.59 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,035 m 45 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 164 kt. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 27 kt at 229 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 27 kt.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 3,396 ft using 44.86 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
57.01 %
Liftoff speed was 164 kn - Target 130 kn
Alignment
80.94 %
27.2 ft left to 16.4 ft right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
170 105 40
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 -0.5 -2
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060708090 Runway Distance ft Runway Alignment to End of Runway ft
100 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
180 170 160
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
700 300 -100
100 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
190 180 170
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,600 1,050 500
96.35 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
250 215 180
Bank °
81.76 %
9 4.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
2 0.5 -1
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 550 0
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000024487296120 Runway Distance ft Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.7511.251.51.7522.252.52.7530100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.7511.251.51.7522.252.52.753-200-160-120-80-4004080120160200 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment in (ft) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport in the Cessna Citation CJ4
Landing Score 82.11 %
Landing Summary

The Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft successfully landed on runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, achieving a score of 82.1%. The final approach was initiated from the southeast, heading 309.0° at a distance of 3 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,742 feet above ground level (agl). The aircraft's approach to the runway was satisfactory, with a good threshold height and a touchdown distance of 369 meters, which is within acceptable limits.

However, there were some areas of concern during the landing. The threshold speed was excessively high at 145 knots, which may have put additional stress on the aircraft's landing gear and brakes. Additionally, the touchdown speed of 136 knots was also excessively fast, which could have resulted in a longer rollout distance and increased the risk of overrunning the runway. The touchdown rate of -280 feet per minute (fpm) was fair, but could have been improved with a more controlled descent.

The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were characterized by a temperature of 6°C and a wind speed of 22 knots from 300°. This resulted in a crosswind of 6 knots and a headwind of 21 knots, which may have affected the aircraft's approach and landing. Despite these conditions, the runway touchdown alignment was very good, indicating that the pilot maintained a stable and controlled approach.

The total landing distance of 1,090 meters was 45% of the runway length, which is within acceptable limits. However, the runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 15.9 meters from the centreline, which may have resulted in a longer rollout distance and increased the risk of overrunning the runway. Overall, the landing was satisfactory, but there were some areas of concern that could be improved upon in future landings.

81.6 %
Final 4
Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,742 ft agl to 1,330 ft agl. A decrease of 412 ft in 14 seconds.
Glideslope
41.91 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
90.31 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
41.91 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
180 175 170
Alignment
90.31 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,846 -1,923 -2,000
79.33 %
Final 3
Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,297 ft agl to 883 ft agl. A decrease of 414 ft in 13 seconds.
Glideslope
44.9 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
99 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
44.9 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
181 176 170
Alignment
99 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
79.78 %
11 6 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,814 -1,907 -2,000
22.252.52.7531,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,250 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
22.252.52.753-840-630-420-2100210420630840 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
86.76 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 852 ft agl to 390 ft agl. A decrease of 462 ft in 12 seconds.
Glideslope
59.55 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
59.55 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
192 186 180
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
94.49 %
6 3 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,835 -2,318 -2,800
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700750800 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-200-150-100-50050100150200 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
100 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 350 ft agl to 56 ft agl. A decrease of 294 ft in 21 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
189 165 140
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-587 -1,494 -2,400
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-160-120-80-4004080120160 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
74 %
Landing
Landing on runway 33L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 2,408 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 145 kt.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 145 kt. Target 92 kt
Flare
96 %
Excellent landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
3 2 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
145 138 130
Pitch °
Info
1 -0.5 -2
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-288 -544 -800
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658 Runway Distance ft Landing Height ft
02505007501,0001,2501,500-110-88-66-44-22022446688110 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
75.45 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 369 m. Touchdown speed at 136 kt was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -280 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 6 °C. Wind 22 kt at 300 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 21 kt.
Touchdown
93.79 %
Touchdown rate was fair at -280 fpm.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 136 kt was excessively fast. Target below 91 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 1,210 ft.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.6 °
G
100 %
G 1.09 g
Bounce
80 %
Bounce Detected
78.98 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,090 m, 45 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 15.9 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 3,577 ft using 45.27 % of runway
Alignment
53.29 %
Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 52 ft from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
132 101 70
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 -0.5 -2
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
82 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 12 minutes and covered 1 nm.
Landing Lights
75 %
Switched Off
Taxi Lights
37 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
66 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
0 -1 -2
Metrics
Metrics

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