My FS Flights logo MY FS FLIGHTS
KBUF
Buffalo, United States
Runway 23
Elevation679 ft asl
Weight12,036 lbs
Fuel1,340 lbs
Wind180° · 12 kn · 8 kn cross

Flight Score

87.15 %
CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 24L
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight11,343 lbs
Fuel593 lbs
Wind200° · 19 kn · 8 kn cross
22 Mar 2025 0:52 115 nm Cessna CJ4 Citation 747 lbs
Departure Score
95.38 %
Enroute Score
99.67 %
Arrival Score
66.41 %

What went well

Touched down at -338 fpm — a soft arrival
1.35 G at touchdown — inside band
Lifted off at 143 kt — on the 130 kt rotation target

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt. at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −3.27 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 26.45 m at 15 %, Landing distance 2,325 m at 61 %, −2.80 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 1,844 m at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 143 kt at 0 %, −1.75 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 20 stages, 18 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, Average speed was 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-2.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Roll 94.33Departure roll runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. Takeoff distance 617 m 27 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 144 kt. Local weather - Temperature 4 °C. Wind 13 kt at 179 °. Crosswind: 9 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 617 m27 % of runway
96 % Liftoff speed was 144 ktTarget 130 kt
76 % Runway alignment max 18.17 m8.53 m left to 9.64 m right -1.65 8.53 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-2.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° -2.2 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 98.95Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 153 kt144 kt min to max 164 kt 144 164 kt
98 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.4 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.17 g1.04 g min to max 1.40 g 1.04 1.40 g
Info Average VSI 604 fpm227 fpm min to max 1,056 fpm 227 1,056 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 0 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 7.2 ° 0.0 7.2 °
Departure Climb 2 99.71Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.6 ° -1.2 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 167 kt165 kt min to max 171 kt 165 169 kt
99 % Average bank angle 1.9 °1.4 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.3 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.17 g0.93 g min to max 1.42 g 1.41 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 2,169 fpm1,216 fpm min to max 2,738 fpm 1,216 2,712 fpm
Info Average altitude 170 ft agl41 ft agl min to max 380 ft agl 41 380 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °7.9 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.9 8.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 398 ft agl · 168 kt
Departure Climb 3 88.51Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.8 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.0 ° -0.2 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 163 kt160 kt min to max 169 kt 169 160 kt
93 % Average bank angle 2.6 °1.9 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.0 4.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.93 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.93 g
0 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,320 fpm1,659 fpm min to max 2,696 fpm 2,696 1,659 fpm
Info Average altitude 732 ft agl469 ft agl min to max 958 ft agl 469 958 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °4.3 ° min to max 8.7 ° 8.4 4.3 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport Buffalo (New York, United States). Climbing from 1,701 ft asl to 5,183 ft asl, an increase of 3,482 ft in 5 minutes and covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 175 kt153 kt min to max 258 kt 160 258 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.6 °0.2 ° min to max 14.8 ° 5.6 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.17 g 0.95 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,222 fpm62 fpm min to max 2,714 fpm 1,527 62 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,978 ft asl1,701 ft asl min to max 5,183 ft asl 1,701 5,183 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 8.0 ° 3.8 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,420 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2,420 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 2,420 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 2,425 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 2,518 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,524 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,622 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,632 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,633 ft agl · 204 kt
Enroute Level 98.01Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Niagara Falls (New York, United States) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 43 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 5,519 ft asl5,192 ft asl min to max 5,737 ft asl 5,192 5,605 ft asl
90 % Average speed 239 kt232 kt min to max 259 kt 259 232 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.2 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.5 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.4 0.1 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,191 ft agl
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,717 ft agl
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 5,583 ft asl to 2,885 ft asl, a decrease of 2,698 ft in 5 minutes and covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 228 kt205 kt min to max 255 kt 233 205 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.7 °0.2 ° min to max 31.5 ° 0.5 13.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.89 g min to max 1.25 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -326 fpm-1,536 fpm min to max 143 fpm -300 86 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,889 ft asl2,861 ft asl min to max 5,583 ft asl 5,583 2,885 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-3.7 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.7 0.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south west of CPM5 Volk Airport Tottenham (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 21 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,901 ft asl2,654 ft asl min to max 3,002 ft asl 2,885 2,654 ft asl
100 % Average speed 177 kt130 kt min to max 239 kt 205 145 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.8 °0.0 ° min to max 31.8 ° 10.8 8.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.18 g 1.04 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.5 ° min to max 3.0 ° -0.2 0.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,902 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,904 ft agl · 168 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Hillcrest Village (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,647 ft asl to 1,654 ft asl, a decrease of 993 ft in 3 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 144 kt139 kt min to max 148 kt 145 143 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 9.2 ° 7.0 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.10 g 1.07 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -330 fpm-671 fpm min to max -99 fpm -469 -303 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,087 ft asl1,654 ft asl min to max 2,647 ft asl 2,647 1,654 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.1 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,328 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,307 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,303 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,297 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,175 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,124 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,090 ft agl · 144 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Bathurst Manor (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,426 ft asl1,139 ft asl min to max 1,649 ft asl 1,649 1,139 ft asl
100 % Average speed 146 kt142 kt min to max 150 kt 143 148 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 6.6 ° 4.4 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.09 g 1.08 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.6 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 -0.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 986 ft agl · 144 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 870 ft agl · 146 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 864 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 981 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 972 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 953 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 950 ft agl · 143 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 876 ft agl · 146 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 866 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 798 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 800 ft agl · 149 kt
Arrival Final 4 99.55Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 588 ft agl to 439 ft agl. A decrease of 150 ft in 25 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.4 °1.4 ° min to max 1.4 °Target 3.0 ° 1.4 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 149 kt148 kt min to max 152 kt 149 150 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -1.0 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.7 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -347 fpm-490 fpm min to max -248 fpm -329 -396 fpm
Info Average altitude 517 ft agl439 ft agl min to max 588 ft agl 588 439 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.4 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.6 0.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Enroute Level 3 864 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 682 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 673 ft agl · 150 kt
33.253.53.7543504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-600-450-300-1500150300450600Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 98.41Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 432 ft agl to 362 ft agl. A decrease of 70 ft in 24 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.5 °1.4 ° min to max 1.7 °Target 3.0 ° 1.4 1.7 °
100 % Average speed 146 kt142 kt min to max 150 kt 149 142 kt
100 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.4 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -1.3 °
92 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.1 ° min to max 5.9 ° 2.8 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.12 g 0.98 0.85 g
Info Average VSI -180 fpm-384 fpm min to max 129 fpm -384 32 fpm
Info Average altitude 385 ft agl357 ft agl min to max 432 ft agl 432 362 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.1 1.7 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Enroute Level 3 864 ft agl · 147 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 418 ft agl · 148 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 409 ft agl · 149 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 393 ft agl · 142 kt
22.252.52.7533003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-680-510-340-1700170340510680Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 82.06Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 360 ft agl to 416 ft agl. A decrease of 57 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
73 % Approach angle 3.0 °1.8 ° min to max 5.4 °Target 3.0 ° 1.8 5.4 °
100 % Average speed 143 kt139 kt min to max 147 kt 142 139 kt
94 % Heading variation 0.4 °-1.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° -1.2 2.7 °
54 % Average bank angle 7.3 °0.5 ° min to max 20.0 ° 2.0 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.78 g min to max 1.23 g 0.99 0.80 g
Info Average VSI 97 fpm-297 fpm min to max 515 fpm -71 -76 fpm
Info Average altitude 384 ft agl355 ft agl min to max 419 ft agl 360 416 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.5 -0.5 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 379 ft agl · 142 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 377 ft agl · 139 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 383 ft agl · 146 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 409 ft agl · 145 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 380 ft agl · 141 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 373 ft agl · 144 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 380 ft agl · 148 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 420 ft agl · 145 kt
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-540-405-270-1350135270405540Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 72.48Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 409 ft agl to 168 ft agl. A decrease of 241 ft in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
36 % Approach angle 7.9 °5.6 ° min to max 14.2 °Target 3.0 ° 5.6 14.2 °
100 % Average speed 143 kt136 kt min to max 149 kt 136 149 kt
57 % Heading variation 1.1 °0.7 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.7 °
69 % Average bank angle 6.6 °1.3 ° min to max 15.1 ° 5.0 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.90 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -851 fpm-1,201 fpm min to max -302 fpm -302 -1,201 fpm
Info Average altitude 297 ft agl168 ft agl min to max 409 ft agl 409 168 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-3.8 ° min to max 0.0 ° -1.6 -3.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from an earlier stage 445 ft agl · 134 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 262 ft agl · 146 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-320-240-160-80080160240320Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 21.43Landing on runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 2,741 m. Threshold height at 146 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt. Target 92 kt
0 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
92 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 -0.3 °
72 % Average bank angle 3.7 °0.0 ° min to max 13.3 ° 0.6 8.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.17 g 1.05 1.04 g
Info Average speed 146 kt141 kt min to max 154 kt 151 143 kt
Info Average VSI -298 fpm-1,197 fpm min to max -187 fpm -1,197 -338 fpm
Info Average altitude 42 ft agl-12 ft agl min to max 146 ft agl 146 -12 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-3.8 ° min to max -0.3 ° -3.8 -1.1 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,0004,2504,5004,7505,0005,2505,5005,7506,0006,2506,5006,7507,0007,2507,5007,7500295887116145Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,0004,2504,5004,7505,0005,2505,5005,7506,0006,2506,5006,7507,0007,2507,5007,750-110-88-66-44-22022446688110Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 57.94Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 143 kt was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -338 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 5 °C. Wind 19 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Headwind: 17 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Touchdown VSI was -338 fpm.
0 % Touchdown distance was 1,844 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 143 ktTarget below 90 kt
92 % Runway alignment max 5.19 m4.80 m right -4.28 -5.19 m
23 % Average bank angle 5.4 °3.4 ° min to max 8.3 ° 8.3 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g1.04 g min to max 1.35 g 1.04 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 142 kt142 kt min to max 143 kt 143 143 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-1.7 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -1.7 °
Arrival Rollout 32.84Total landing distance 2,325 m, 85 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 26.5 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Landing distance 2,325 m85 % of runway.
15 % Runway alignment max 26.45 m0.00 m left to 26.45 m right -5.34 -1.61 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.71 g min to max 1.08 g 1.02 0.71 g
Info Average speed 118 kt71 kt min to max 127 kt 127 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-5.8 ° min to max -2.1 ° -2.1 -5.8 °
Info Average bank angle 3.8 °0.2 ° min to max 13.8 ° 2.9 13.8 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 38 kt25 kt min to max 63 kt 63 25 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-5.6 ° min to max -1.7 ° -2.8 -1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 12.5 ° 0.2 0.7 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.85 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 0.98 g
Arrival Taxi 66.60Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 14 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 24 0 kt
33 % Average speed turning corners 16 ktmax 22 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-2.4 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.8 -1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 0.3 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2 ft agl

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll2,025 ft · 27 %
95.70Liftoff speed143 kt · target 130, 13 fast
75.96Runway alignment31.6 ft R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
98.95Rate of climb603 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

0.00Threshold height146 ft
0.00Threshold speed150 kt · target 92, 58 fast
92.40Centreline offset0.7 ft L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYYZ 24L

Past threshold0.00
6,557ft
Centreline92.19
17.0ft R
Speed0.00
142kttarget 90, 52 fast
Touchdown rate91.80
-338fpm
Impact100.00
1.35G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 8,370 ft of the approach.

146 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 146 ft, down at 6,557 ft

Plan view — the first 8,370 ft of the 8,994 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

2,0004,0006,0008,000 THRESHOLD CROSS 6 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 6,557 ft past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 6,557 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 7,970 ft of 8,994 ft · 89 %
Rollout distance68.09
1,413ft83 % used
Rollout alignment14.69
86.8ft R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. The aircraft, a Cessna CJ4 Citation, took off with a takeoff distance of 617 meters, which accounted for 27% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 144 knots.

As the aircraft climbed out of KBUF, it encountered local weather conditions of 4°C temperature and a wind of 13 knots at 179 degrees. The crosswind was 9 knots, and the headwind was also 9 knots. The enroute climb started overhead the airport, where the aircraft climbed from 1,701 feet above sea level to 5,183 feet above sea level, an increase of 3,482 feet in 5 minutes, covering 15 nautical miles.

After reaching the desired altitude, the aircraft entered a level cruise, which lasted 11 minutes and covered 43 nautical miles. This cruise phase took place 2 miles east of Niagara Falls. The aircraft then began its descent, starting 2 miles southwest of CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. The descent from 5,583 feet above sea level to 2,885 feet above sea level, a decrease of 2,698 feet in 5 minutes, covered 19 nautical miles.

Following the descent, the aircraft entered another level cruise phase, which started 3 miles southwest of CPM5 Volk Airport and lasted 11 minutes, covering 21 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its final descent, starting 1 mile north of Hillcrest Village. The descent from 2,647 feet above sea level to 1,654 feet above sea level, a decrease of 993 feet in 3 minutes, covered 5 nautical miles.

The aircraft then entered a short level cruise phase, lasting 2 minutes and covering 5 nautical miles, as it flew overhead Bathurst Manor. The final approach to runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport was made from the northeast, heading 227.0 degrees at 4 nautical miles and 588 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 24L was notable for several factors. The threshold height at 146 feet above ground level was excessively over target, and the threshold speed was excessively high at 151 knots. The touchdown point was very long, using more than 50% of the available runway. The touchdown speed at 143 knots was also excessively fast, and the touchdown rate was firm at -338 feet per minute. Additionally, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 meters from the centerline.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were 5°C temperature and a wind of 19 knots at 200 degrees. The crosswind was 8 knots, and the headwind was 17 knots. The total landing distance was 2,325 meters, which accounted for 85% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also misaligned by 26.5 meters from the centerline.

After landing, the aircraft took 14 minutes to taxi to the parking area from the runway, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 115 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 52 minutes. The aircraft used 339 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport in the Cessna Citation CJ4
95.38 %
94.33 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. Takeoff distance 617 m 27 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 144 kt. Local weather - Temperature 4 °C. Wind 13 kt at 179 °. Crosswind: 9 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 2,025 ft using 26.75 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
95.7 %
Liftoff speed was 144 kn - Target 130 kn
Alignment
75.96 %
28.0 ft left to 31.6 ft right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
150 75 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 -0.5 -2
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060708090 Runway Distance ft Runway Alignment to End of Runway ft
98.95 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
Alignment
97.44 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
170 155 140
Bank °
98.37 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 4 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 500 -100
99.71 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
180 170 160
Bank °
98.84 %
3 2 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 8.5 7
Climb Rate fpm
Info
2,800 1,950 1,100
88.51 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
170 160 150
Bank °
92.55 %
5 3 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 6.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
2,700 2,100 1,500
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0000145290435580725 Runway Distance ft Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.7510100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.751-200-160-120-80-4004080120160200 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment in (ft) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport in the Cessna Citation CJ4
Landing Score 46.17 %
Landing Summary

The Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft has successfully landed at Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, but the landing was not without its challenges. The aircraft's final approach to runway 24L from the northeast, heading 227.0° at 4 nautical miles and 588 feet above ground level (agl), was executed, but the landing parameters were not met.

The threshold height at 146 ft agl was excessively over target, indicating that the aircraft descended too slowly or too late, which could have resulted in a longer landing distance. Additionally, the threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt, suggesting that the aircraft was not slowed down sufficiently before touching down on the runway. The touchdown point was very long, using more than 50% of the available runway, which could have increased the risk of running out of runway or encountering obstacles.

The touchdown speed of 143 kt was also excessively fast, which could have resulted in a firm touchdown rate of -338 fpm. This firm touchdown rate may have caused the aircraft to bounce or skid upon landing, potentially affecting the safety of the passengers and crew. Furthermore, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 meters from the centreline, which could have affected the aircraft's stability and control during the landing roll.

The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were characterized by a temperature of 5°C and a wind speed of 19 kt from 200°. The crosswind component was 8 kt, while the headwind component was 17 kt. These wind conditions may have contributed to the challenges faced during the landing.

The total landing distance of 2,325 meters was 85% of the available runway, indicating that the aircraft had a significant amount of runway remaining after touchdown. However, the runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 26.5 meters from the centreline, which could have affected the aircraft's stability and control during the landing roll.

Overall, while the Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft successfully landed at Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, the landing parameters were not met, and the aircraft experienced some challenges during the landing. These challenges highlight the importance of precise flight planning, execution, and adherence to standard operating procedures to ensure safe and successful landings.

99.55 %
Final 4
Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 588 ft agl to 439 ft agl. A decrease of 150 ft in 25 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
152 146 140
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
97.73 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-248 -374 -500
33.253.53.7543504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
33.253.53.754-600-450-300-1500150300450600 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
98.41 %
Final 3
Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 432 ft agl to 362 ft agl. A decrease of 70 ft in 24 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
150 145 140
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
92.05 %
6 3 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
129 -136 -400
22.252.52.7533003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
22.252.52.753-680-510-340-1700170340510680 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
82.06 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 360 ft agl to 416 ft agl. A decrease of 57 ft in 34 seconds.
Glideslope
72.89 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
94.08 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
72.89 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
147 139 130
Alignment
94.08 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
53.92 %
21 11 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
515 108 -300
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-540-405-270-1350135270405540 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
72.48 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 409 ft agl to 168 ft agl. A decrease of 241 ft in 16 seconds.
Glideslope
35.92 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
57.2 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
35.92 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
149 140 130
Alignment
57.2 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
69.25 %
16 8.5 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-302 -801 -1,300
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-320-240-160-80080160240320 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
21.43 %
Landing
Landing on runway 24L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 2,741 m. Threshold height at 146 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 146 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 151 kt. Target 92 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
92.4 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
71.89 %
14 7 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
153 147 140
Pitch °
Info
1 -1 -3
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-187 -693 -1,200
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,0004,2504,5004,7505,0005,2505,5005,7506,0006,2506,5006,7507,0007,2507,5007,7500295887116145 Runway Distance ft Landing Height ft
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,0004,2504,5004,7505,0005,2505,5005,7506,0006,2506,5006,7507,0007,2507,5007,750-110-88-66-44-22022446688110 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
57.94 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 143 kt was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -338 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 5 °C. Wind 19 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Headwind: 17 kt.
Touchdown
91.8 %
Touchdown rate was firm at -338 fpm.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 143 kt was excessively fast. Target below 90 kn
Distance
0 %
Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway.
Alignment
92.19 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 17 ft from centreline.
Bank
23.29 %
Bank angle 5.4 °
G
100 %
G 1.14 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
32.84 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 2,325 m, 85 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 26.5 m from centreline.
Distance
60.75 %
Landing distance 7,628 ft using 84.81 % of runway
Alignment
14.69 %
Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 87 ft from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
144 112 80
Bank °
Info
14 7 0
Pitch °
Info
-1 -3 -5
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,5006,0006,5007,0007,5008,000 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
66.6 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 14 minutes and covered 1 nm.
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched Off
Taxi Lights
52 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
90 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
32.5 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
0 -1 -2
Metrics
Metrics

Scroll or drag the slider to zoom · double-click to reset · hover for values

More Flights Like This
KBUF → CYYZ
Buffalo Niagara International Airport to Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport
Cessna Citation CJ4
31 Mar 2025 · 67 nm 91.09%
KBUF → CYYZ
Buffalo Niagara International Airport to Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport
Cessna Citation CJ4
23 Mar 2025 · 82 nm 96.93%
KLGA → KBUF
LaGuardia Airport to Buffalo Niagara International Airport
CRJ900
14 Sep 2026 · 288 nm 99.69%
KBUF → KTPA
Buffalo Niagara International Airport to Tampa International Airport
Boeing 737-800
12 Sep 2026 · 995 nm 98.41%
UBBB → UGTB
Heydar Aliyev International Airport to Tbilisi International Airport
Cessna Citation CJ4
10 Aug 2026 · 251 nm 93.55%
BIKF → EDDB
Keflavik International Airport to Berlin Brandenburg Airport
Cessna Citation CJ4
04 Aug 2026 · 1,401 nm 98.06%
More flights at KBUF · More flights at CYYZ · More Cessna CJ4 Citation flights · Browse all flights