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7A8
Spruce Pine, United States
Runway 17
Elevation2,720 ft asl
Weight2,042 lbs
Fuel147 lbs
Wind176° · 9 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

78.39 %
NC06
Banner Elk, United States
Runway 30
Elevation3,468 ft asl
Weight2,027 lbs
Fuel131 lbs
4 Apr 2023 0:16 16 nm PA28 Turbo Arrow III 16 lbs
Departure Score
96.10 %
Enroute Score
88.53 %
Arrival Score
39.50 %

What went well

Straight touchdown — 13.4 ft off the centreline, no bounce
Airborne in 1,002 ft — 34 % of the runway
Held the centreline on the roll — 10.1 ft off at liftoff

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −8.62 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 131.3 ft at 0 %, Landing distance 4,468 ft at 7 %, −8.54 points
Enroute Climb — speed limits at 43 %, −3.82 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 11 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 19 kn 0 7 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 knmax 11 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.5 0.3 °

Events

Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 2 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl
Departure Roll 94.30Departure roll runway 17 at 7A8 Avery Co. Takeoff distance 2,227 ft 75 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 86 kn. Local weather - Temperature 70 °F. Wind 9 kn at 175 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 8 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,227 ft75 % of runway
77 % Liftoff speed was 86 knTarget 75 kn
94 % Runway alignment max 12.1 ft1.9 ft left to 10.3 ft right 1.9 -10.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 1.2 °
Departure Climb 1 99.95Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 17 7A8 Avery Co.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 96 kn87 kn min to max 103 kn 87 103 kn
99.8 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.3 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.01 g min to max 1.15 g 1.01 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 567 ft/m318 ft/m min to max 809 ft/m 318 809 ft/m
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 0 38 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-1.1 ° min to max 4.6 ° -1.1 4.6 °
Departure Climb 2 99.11Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 17 7A8 Avery Co.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.1 ° -0.3 1.1 °
100 % Average speed 106 kn103 kn min to max 122 kn 103 122 kn
96 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° 2.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.93 g min to max 1.13 g 1.10 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 1,199 ft/m820 ft/m min to max 1,847 ft/m 820 1,626 ft/m
Info Average altitude 113 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 392 ft agl 48 392 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.5 ° min to max 8.2 ° 4.6 5.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 87 ft agl · 112 kt
Departure Climb 3 87.16Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 17 7A8 Avery Co.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.2 °-0.9 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.4 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 126 kn123 kn min to max 130 kn 123 129 kn
36 % Average bank angle 11.9 °0.4 ° min to max 26.4 ° 1.1 24.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.88 g min to max 1.17 g 1.12 1.12 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,738 ft/m1,247 ft/m min to max 2,190 ft/m 1,806 2,190 ft/m
Info Average altitude 636 ft agl414 ft agl min to max 876 ft agl 414 876 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °4.5 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.7 5.8 °
Enroute Climb 77.07Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of 7A8 Avery Co Spruce Pine (North Carolina, United States). Climbing from 3,644 ft asl to 5,404 ft asl, an increase of 1,760 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
43 % Climb speed 144 kn121 kn min to max 160 knTarget 110 kn 129 121 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.6 °0.0 ° min to max 25.4 ° 23.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.85 g min to max 1.21 g 1.15 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,112 ft/m180 ft/m min to max 2,378 ft/m 2,286 487 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,591 ft asl3,644 ft asl min to max 5,404 ft asl 3,644 5,404 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-7.2 ° min to max 6.2 ° 6.1 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north east of 7A8 Avery Co Spruce Pine (North Carolina, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 5,609 ft asl5,492 ft asl min to max 5,696 ft asl 5,492 5,659 ft asl
100 % Average speed 145 kn137 kn min to max 150 kn 137 146 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 7.1 ° 0.8 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.06 g 0.95 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-4.1 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.7 -1.9 °
Arrival 83.71Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles north east of 7A8 Avery Co Spruce Pine (North Carolina, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 116 kn89 kn min to max 134 kn 133 108 kn
64 % Average bank angle 9.4 °0.0 ° min to max 38.6 ° 0.4 18.9 °
91 % Average g force 1.02 g0.84 g min to max 1.40 g 1.05 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -242 ft/m-2,001 ft/m min to max 1,694 ft/m 293 -1,848 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,325 ft asl3,701 ft asl min to max 6,078 ft asl 5,665 3,701 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-11.2 ° min to max 5.1 ° -1.5 -9.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,676 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 532 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 477 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 392 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 333 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 269 ft agl · 111 kt
Arrival Landing 22.44Landing on runway 30 at NC06 Elk River, runway length 4,550 ft. Threshold height at 199 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
12 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kn. Target 75 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
87 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.3 °
57 % Average bank angle 3.9 °0.0 ° min to max 18.5 ° 18.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.93 g min to max 1.19 g 1.02 0.97 g
Info Average speed 100 kn92 kn min to max 108 kn 108 92 kn
Info Average VSI -688 ft/m-1,948 ft/m min to max -182 ft/m -1,915 -291 ft/m
Info Average altitude 33 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 199 ft agl 199 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-10.4 ° min to max -0.4 ° -10.4 -2.4 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0000285583110138Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,000-50-40-30-20-1001020304050Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 72.93Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 92 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -294 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 13 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 65 °F. Wind 12 kn at 176 °. Crosswind: 10 kn Tailwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
74 % Touchdown VSI was -294 ft/m.
61 % Touchdown distance was 2,661 ftTarget 1,500 ft
28 % Speed at touchdown 92 knTarget 67 kn
91 % Runway alignment max 13.5 ft12.8 ft right -11.6 -13.4 ft
99 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.6 0.6 °
92 % Average g force 1.11 g0.93 g min to max 1.39 g 0.99 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 91 kn90 kn min to max 92 kn 92 90 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.5 ° -2.4 -1.0 °
Arrival Rollout 23.12Total landing distance 4,468 ft, 98 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 118 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
7 % Landing distance 4,468 ft98 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 131.3 ft118.0 ft left to 13.3 ft right -13.3 118.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Average speed 92 kn55 kn min to max 101 kn 101 55 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-1.8 ° min to max 0.0 ° -1.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.5 0.2 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 86 kt with −1.1° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF-1.1° off4° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 13 kt -0.1° 0 s
Liftoff1,106 ft 86 kt -1.1° 13.7 s
35 ft1,900 ft · 4.9 s after liftoff 103 kt 4.3° 18.6 s
End of Climb 37,748 ft · 876 ft 129 kt 5.8° 48.4 s

Takeoff from 7A8 17

Takeoff roll100.00
1,002ft34 %
Liftoff speed77.04
86kt
Runway alignment94.44
10.3ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.95
566fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 876 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 1,183 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,520 fpm on average to 876 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 86 ktSCALE CHANGES0.8 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,987 ft runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 10 ft at the widest, and lifted off 10 ft right. Airborne 33 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 10.3 ft RAirborne 1,010 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,010 ft of 2,987 ft · 34 %
Takeoff roll, 1,010 ft Left ahead, 1,977 ft

The approach to NC06 30

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 0.7 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 520 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND634
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,560 ft left of the centreline at 0.7 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND772 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on NC06 30

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
198ft
Threshold speed12.44
108kt
Centreline offset86.79
0.6ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold69.96
2,401ft
Centreline91.09
13.5ft R
Speed28.32
92kt
Touchdown rate74.33
-295fpm
Impact92.00
1.39G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 5° left of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 4,550 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 198 ft, 148 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,401 ft in, 1,401 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 4,550 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

198 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −293 fpm · −2.4° nose down · 92 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 198 ft, down at 2,401 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 1,560 fpm at 111 ft to 290 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,000−2,000−7°2°10°touchdown−293 fpm at touchdown−2.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 4,550 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 13 ft right of the centreline and drifted to 38 ft left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,401 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,401 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 293 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 4,016 ft of 4,550 ft · 88 %
In the air over the runway, 2,401 ftRollout, 1,615 ft Left over, 534 ft
Rollout distance24.09
1,615ft94 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
118.0ft L

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