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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

82.90 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight993 kg
Fuel72 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
4 Apr 2024 0:07 5 nm Cessna Skyhawk 4 kg
Departure Score
89.83 %
Pattern Score
70.38 %
Arrival Score
88.50 %

What went well

Touchdown 356 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.98 m off the centreline, no bounce
Rollout controlled — 26 % of the runway used

What held you back

Pattern Crosswind — Heading -41.5 ° at 0 %, g force 0.66 to 1.78 g at 70 %, −4.00 points
Pattern Downwind — Average altitude 600 ft agl at 22 %, Heading 12.6 ° at 49 %, −3.28 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.8 ° at 0 %, −2.56 points

Next time

Improve the pattern crosswind leg

See Pattern Crosswind

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work

Start to finish · 12 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 90.02Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 59 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 59 knTarget 62 kn
50 % Runway alignment max 17.77 m16.73 m left to 1.04 m right -1.04 16.73 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.3 2.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 89.63Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Heading variation -1.8 °-2.0 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.5 -1.1 °
100 % Average speed 64 kn59 kn min to max 68 kn 59 67 kn
73 % Average bank angle 8.4 °1.8 ° min to max 12.4 ° 1.8 7.6 °
91 % Average g force 1.09 g0.77 g min to max 1.40 g 1.03 1.30 g
Info Average VSI 356 ft/m17 ft/m min to max 699 ft/m 417 699 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °-0.5 ° min to max 12.5 ° 2.4 12.5 °
Pattern Entry 99.66Left hand pattern entry from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Distance was less than 1 nm in 189 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kn60 kn min to max 117 kn 67 116 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.0 ° min to max 49.6 ° 7.3 49.6 °
97 % Average g force 1.03 g0.69 g min to max 1.28 g 1.28 1.26 g
Info Average VSI 340 ft/m-1,265 ft/m min to max 1,494 ft/m 728 -1,265 ft/m
Info Average altitude 566 ft agl60 ft agl min to max 927 ft agl 60 740 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °-4.9 ° min to max 17.2 ° 12.6 -4.9 °
Pattern Crosswind 51.97Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Distance was less than 1 nm in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -41.5 °-75.5 ° min to max 11.6 ° 11.6 -75.2 °
100 % Average speed 120 kn108 kn min to max 127 kn 118 109 kn
70 % Average g force 1.28 g0.66 g min to max 1.78 g 1.32 0.69 g
Info Average VSI -27 ft/m-1,726 ft/m min to max 1,781 ft/m -1,520 63 ft/m
Info Average altitude 666 ft agl595 ft agl min to max 774 ft agl 713 770 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 29.1 °1.0 ° min to max 49.2 ° 49.2 5.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-6.3 ° min to max 9.3 ° -6.2 -4.2 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 69.26Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 4 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.8 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.8 °.
100 % Average speed 119 kn111 kn min to max 125 kn 111 121 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.0 °1.9 ° min to max 24.6 ° 8.5 11.3 °
93 % Average g force 1.02 g0.67 g min to max 1.38 g 0.89 0.67 g
Info Average VSI -482 ft/m-1,336 ft/m min to max 608 ft/m -443 5 ft/m
Info Average altitude 650 ft agl547 ft agl min to max 758 ft agl 758 573 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.9 °-6.3 ° min to max 3.6 ° -5.3 -3.3 °
Pattern Downwind 60.62Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 1 nm in 46 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
49 % Heading 12.6 °-1.8 ° min to max 21.4 ° -1.8 1.6 °
22 % Average altitude 600 ft agl526 ft agl min to max 646 ft agl 559 551 ft agl
100 % Average speed 105 kn91 kn min to max 124 kn 122 99 kn
91 % Average g force 1.01 g0.71 g min to max 1.40 g 0.71 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -42 ft/m-938 ft/m min to max 1,192 ft/m -570 -388 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 6.3 °0.2 ° min to max 20.5 ° 1.0 6.1 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-6.1 ° min to max 5.6 ° -6.1 -0.3 °
Arrival Final 2 95.85Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 549 ft agl to 352 ft agl. A decrease of 197 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.5 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 3.3 °
100 % Average speed 96 kn83 kn min to max 104 kn 99 83 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 0.0 °
85 % Average bank angle 3.0 °0.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 6.7 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.24 g 1.10 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -384 ft/m-1,122 ft/m min to max 141 ft/m -218 -306 ft/m
Info Average altitude 429 ft agl352 ft agl min to max 550 ft agl 549 352 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-6.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.7 -2.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 372 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 354 ft agl · 90 kt
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 80.85Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 345 ft agl to 80 ft agl. A decrease of 265 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
15 % Approach angle 4.3 °3.3 ° min to max 5.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.3 4.8 °
100 % Average speed 75 kn64 kn min to max 85 kn 84 64 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
89 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 7.1 ° 1.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.86 g min to max 1.23 g 0.90 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -509 ft/m-1,016 ft/m min to max -62 ft/m -392 -726 ft/m
Info Average altitude 198 ft agl80 ft agl min to max 345 ft agl 345 80 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-6.5 ° min to max 1.0 ° -3.2 -3.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 307 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 183 ft agl · 81 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 79.39Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 75 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 64 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 64 kn. Target 63 kn
63 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 0.94 g
Info Average speed 57 kn49 kn min to max 64 kn 64 49 kn
Info Average VSI -469 ft/m-726 ft/m min to max -205 ft/m -726 -332 ft/m
Info Average altitude 31 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 75 ft agl 75 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-3.1 ° min to max 3.7 ° -3.1 -0.1 °
07515022530037501530456075Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 91.90Touchdown distance was good at 354 m. Touchdown speed at 49 kn was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -332 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
70 % Touchdown VSI was -332 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 354 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 49 knTarget 53 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.18 m1.68 m left 2.18 0.98 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.6 °
86 % Average g force 1.24 g0.94 g min to max 1.49 g 0.94 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 48 kn48 kn min to max 49 kn 49 48 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.3 ° -0.1 2.3 °
Arrival Rollout 94.52Total landing distance 564 m, 27 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 564 m27 % of runway.
88 % Runway alignment max 7.22 m0.83 m left to 6.39 m right 0.83 -6.12 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Average speed 52 kn33 kn min to max 58 kn 58 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.4 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.6 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 45 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 42 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 7 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kn10 kn min to max 28 kn 28 10 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 59 kt with 2.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.4° off12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.5° 0 s
Liftoff462 m 59 kt 2.4° 21.9 s
35 ft692 m · 6.3 s after liftoff 67 kt 11.8° 28.2 s
End of the climb706 m · 43 ft 67 kt 12.5° 28.6 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
651m31 %
Liftoff speed100.00
59kt
Runway alignment50.11
16.73m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb89.63
355fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 43 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,241 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 59 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 191 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 17 m at the widest, and lifted off 17 m left. Airborne 30 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 16.86 m LROLL 191 M INAirborne 653 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 653 m of 2,124 m · 31 %
Behind the start of the roll, 191 mTakeoff roll, 462 m Left ahead, 1,471 m

The approach to CYKF 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 600 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND758531597478374271
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,144 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 2.1 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1144 m L574 m L28 m L15 m L1 m R0 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height55.18
75ft
Threshold speed100.00
64kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.04m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
356m
Centreline100.00
2.18m L
Speed100.00
48kt
Touchdown rate70.36
-339fpm
Impact86.29
1.49G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 4° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 59 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 226 mtouchdown235 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 75 ft, 25 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 356 m in, 51 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

75 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −331 fpm · −0.1° nose down · 49 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 75 ft, down at 356 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 870 fpm at 79 ft to 330 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−4°3°10°touchdown−331 fpm at touchdown−0.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 5.8 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 356 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 356 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 331 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 548 m of 2,124 m · 26 %
In the air over the runway, 356 mRollout, 192 m Left over, 1,576 m
Rollout distance100.00
192m26 % used
Rollout alignment87.81
6.39m R

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