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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Begin raising the nose earlier, by 11 ft, so the flare has time to arrest the sink before touchdown.
What happened: The flare began late at 3.5 ft, 7.8 ft below the normal band, and a late flare like this usually leaves too little time to arrest the sink before touchdown.
Watch for: Watch radio altitude and start the flare in the normal band, around 11 ft.
Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.
Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight SimulatorStart to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 79 kt with 10.2° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 138 kt, 14 kt over its 124 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 986 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,799 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,480 fpm on average to 986 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,330 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 2.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.2 m right. Airborne 14 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 0 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 3 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and −4 kt on the approach speed of 72 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 289 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
5 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 66 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.
Wind 123° at 6 kt · 3 kt head · 5 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 63 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.21 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 52 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 3 ft. Touched down 289 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink stayed between 380 fpm and 380 fpm from the flare to the runway. The pitch barely changed.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,519 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 0.3 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 289 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 384 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 208B taxied from the parking area to runway 14 at MYNN Lynden Pindling International Airport. The taxi-out required 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
The aircraft began its departure roll on runway 14, using 451 m of runway - 14 % of the available length - and lifted off at 79 kt. Local weather reported a temperature of 15 °C, wind 6 kt from 123°, a 1 kt cross-wind component and a 6 kt head-wind.
Climb commenced overhead MYNN, with the airplane ascending from 1,021 ft asl to 4,000 ft asl, an increase of 2,979 ft achieved in 4 minutes while covering 9 nm.
Cruise began 8 miles south of MYNN and continued for 85 minutes, during which the aircraft travelled 213 nm at level flight.
Descent started 11 miles east of Jatibonico, descending from 3,584 ft asl to 1,575 ft asl - a loss of 2,009 ft - in 6 minutes and covering 6 nm.
Final approach to runway 07 at MUCA Máximo Gómez Airport involved a descent from 1,331 ft agl to 59 ft agl over 216 seconds, and the aircraft scored on the stabilisation gates.
Landing on runway 07, whose total length is 3,519 m, was executed with a threshold speed of 68 kt. Touchdown occurred at 66 kt, 264 m down the runway, with a firm touchdown rate of minus 385 fpm and perfect runway-centerline alignment.
Runway rollout measured a total distance of 436 m, representing 12 % of the runway, and alignment remained perfect throughout the rollout.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 235 nm, lasted 102 minutes, and consumed 234 kg of fuel.
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