Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
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Shorten the long landing
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 11 stages, 9 scored
Events
Events
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
The approach, gate by gate
Side view — the last 3,402 m of the approach.
Plan view — the full 3,402 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3,215 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 172 taxied from the parking area to runway 35R at ZSPD Shanghai Pudong International Airport in 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 35R, the aircraft accelerated over a distance of 668 m, representing 17 % of the runway, and lifted off at 81 kt. Ambient conditions were a temperature of 28 °C, wind 8 kt from 30 °, with a 6 kt crosswind component and a 5 kt headwind.
En-route level cruise commenced 1 mile north of ZSPD Shanghai Pudong International Airport Shanghai (Pudong) (Shanghai Shi, China) and persisted for less than 1 minute, during which the aircraft covered less than 1 nm.
The final approach to runway 17R at ZSPD was established from the north-west, on a heading of 155.0 °, at 0 nm and 189 ft AGL.
A descent segment followed, reducing altitude from 359 ft AGL to 178 ft AGL in 24 seconds.
Landing on runway 17R, which is 3,402 m long, occurred with a threshold height of 168 ft AGL and a threshold speed of 114 kt. The touchdown point was beyond 75 % of the available runway, the touchdown speed was 85 kt, and the vertical speed was a smooth minus 134 fpm. The touchdown location was offset 52.4 m from the centreline. Local weather at the time was a temperature of 27 °C, wind 6 kt from 25 °, with a 4 kt crosswind component and a 5 kt tailwind.
The rollout extended to a total landing distance of 3,777 m, equal to 111 % of the runway length, and the aircraft’s alignment during rollout was off by 60.4 m from the centreline.
In summary, the flight covered a total distance of 6 nm, took 7 (units as given), and consumed 3 kg of fuel.
The Airbus A320-ceo entered the final approach to runway 04L at LFMN Nice-Côte d’Azur from the south-west on a heading of 45.0° at 4 nm and 1 275 ft agl. The approach was assessed as stabilised at the 1 000 ft gate, with gear, flaps, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and speed all within limits, and the aircraft descended from 1 321 ft agl to 60 ft agl in 108 seconds. Local weather was 20 °C with wind 9 kt from 340°, giving a crosswind component of 8 kt and a headwind component of 4 kt.
At threshold the speed was slightly above target at 131 kt and the threshold height was good. The flare produced a touchdown distance of 401 m and a touchdown speed of 124 kt, described as a little fast, with a touchdown vertical rate of minus 211 fpm, rated fair. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect.
Touchdown occurred 401 m down the runway at a speed of 124 kt and a vertical rate of minus 211 fpm. The aircraft maintained perfect alignment with the centreline at the moment of wheel-strike.
Rollout continued with perfect runway alignment and a total landing distance of 1 048 m, representing 40 % of the 2 642 m runway length.
Reduce touchdown speed toward the target value to help lower the vertical rate and achieve a smoother flare. Fine-tune the flare timing to bring the descent rate closer to the ideal range while maintaining the established aim point.
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