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CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 23
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight270,186 kg
Fuel46,092 kg
Wind313° · 8 kn · 8 kn cross

Flight Score

97.66 %
CYVR
Vancouver, Canada
Runway 08L
Elevation7 ft asl
Weight237,158 kg
Fuel12,425 kg
Wind102° · 17 kn · 1 kn cross
6 Nov 2026 4:48 1858 nm Boeing 777-300ER 33,667 kg
Departure Score
97.82 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
95.17 %

What went well

Touchdown 469 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 1.24 m off the centreline, no bounce
Rollout controlled — 50 % of the runway used

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 394 fpm, −0.96 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 394 fpm−0.43
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.42
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.90 G at contact−0.12
Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 172 kt against 204 kt at 81 %, −0.63 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 67 ft agl was above target at 74 %, −0.50 points

Next time

Departure

Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 204 kt.

What happened: Climb speed was 172 kt against a target of 204 kt, running 32 kt slow through the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 204 kt.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Begin the flare with firm, progressive back pressure, raising the nose further through the flare band and holding it until touchdown.

What happened: The nose was raised only 1.1° and little of the sink was taken out, so the aircraft was flown onto the runway; an under-flare like this usually carries through into a hard touchdown, as this one did at 1.9 g.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a steady, progressive reduction in sink through the normal flare band.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

High on final, the pilot dives to the aim point, converting altitude directly into airspeed, and arrives on-glideslope but 15 knots fast. The vertical profile looks fine; the speed trace does not. It is one of the reasons the stabilised-approach concept - configured, on speed, on path by a gate, commonly 1,000 ft in IMC and 500 ft in VMC - checks speed and path together, and why the tolerances airlines use are asymmetric, typically allowing more on the fast side than the slow, because slow kills faster than fast.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 17 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 2 7 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.9 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.4 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Off  · 10 kt
Info Navigation Lights On  · 10 kt
Info Beacon Lights On  · 10 kt
Info Strobe Lights Off  · 10 kt
Info Landing Lights Off  · 10 kt
Info Landing Gear Down  · 10 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake Off  · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake On  · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 2  · 4 kt
Info Flaps Position 3  · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights On  · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off  · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake On
Info Strobe Lights On  · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights On  · 5 kt
Info Taxi Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake Off  · 6 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Average speed was 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 8 16 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.7 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.5 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On
Info Parking Brake Off  · 5 kt
Departure Roll 98.53Departure roll runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,812 m 57 % of runway. Rotation speed was 160 kt. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 8 kt at 312 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,812 m57 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 160 ktTarget 157 kt
93 % Runway alignment max 12.37 m right3.87 m left to 12.37 m right 1.94 -12.37 m
99.7 % Average g force 1.01 g0.73 g min to max 1.24 g 1.00 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-0.9 ° min to max 9.2 ° -0.5 9.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 0.5 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 169 kt168 kt min to max 169 kt 168 169 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.26 g1.24 g min to max 1.30 g 1.24 1.26 g
Info Average VSI 967 fpm563 fpm min to max 1,340 fpm 563 1,340 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 28 ft agl 0 28 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.3 °9.5 ° min to max 15.0 ° 9.5 15.0 °
Departure Climb 2 99.99Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.5 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 169 kt169 kt min to max 169 kt 169 169 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.9 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.21 g0.89 g min to max 1.26 g 1.25 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 1,960 fpm1,375 fpm min to max 3,224 fpm 1,375 3,094 fpm
Info Average altitude 78 ft agl30 ft agl min to max 342 ft agl 30 342 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.8 °15.1 ° min to max 18.0 ° 15.1 15.8 °
Departure Climb 3 90.59Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
81 % Climb speed 172 kt168 kt min to max 181 ktTarget 204 kt, 32 kt slow 168 181 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 7.4 °0.1 ° min to max 7.4 ° 2.1 7.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.84 g min to max 1.13 g 0.86 0.99 g
94 % Landing gear up at 733 ft aglTarget by 696 ft agl, 37 ft agl late
Info Heading variation 1.2 °1.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.1 1.6 °
Info Average VSI 1,991 fpm1,186 fpm min to max 2,968 fpm 2,968 2,345 fpm
Info Average altitude 687 ft agl394 ft agl min to max 944 ft agl 394 944 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.3 °9.8 ° min to max 15.1 ° 15.1 12.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 730 ft agl · 175 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles west of CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,586 ft asl to 33,990 ft asl, an increase of 32,404 ft in 13 minutes and covering 85 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 272 kt183 kt min to max 321 kt 183 289 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 30.1 °0.0 ° min to max 30.1 ° 8.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.30 g 0.93 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 2,550 fpm51 fpm min to max 4,240 fpm 2,419 51 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,885 ft asl1,586 ft asl min to max 33,990 ft asl 1,586 33,990 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °2.5 ° min to max 13.9 ° 12.1 2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,027 ft agl
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,279 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 1,328 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,927 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,905 ft agl · 257 kt
Info Landing Lights Off 10,172 ft agl · 333 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 6 miles west of Owen Sound (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 114 minutes, covering 887 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,199 ft of 33,999 ft asl33,946 ft asl min to max 34,068 ft asl 33,990 33,994 ft asl
100 % Average speed 287 kt285 kt min to max 291 kt 289 285 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 14.8 °0.0 ° min to max 14.8 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.86 g min to max 1.18 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.8 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.6 2.5 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 12 miles north west of CJZ5 Virden (West) Airport Virden (Manitoba, Canada). Climbing from 34,003 ft asl to 35,984 ft asl, an increase of 1,981 ft in 2 minutes and covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 283 kt274 kt min to max 290 kt 286 276 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.06 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,211 fpm-5 fpm min to max 2,570 fpm -5 73 fpm
Info Average altitude 34,890 ft asl33,997 ft asl min to max 35,984 ft asl 34,003 35,984 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °2.3 ° min to max 5.7 ° 2.3 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 6 miles south east of Moosomin (Saskatchewan, Canada) and lasted 109 minutes, covering 746 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,299 ft of 36,000 ft asl35,727 ft asl min to max 36,297 ft asl 35,987 36,002 ft asl
100 % Average speed 274 kt271 kt min to max 278 kt 276 274 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 14.9 °0.0 ° min to max 14.9 ° 0.1 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.75 g min to max 1.25 g 0.99 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.3 ° min to max 4.1 ° 2.8 2.7 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 18 miles north west of Princeton (British Columbia, Canada). Descent from 36,003 ft asl to 19,036 ft asl, a decrease of 16,967 ft in 8 minutes and covering 51 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 300 kt272 kt min to max 312 kt 275 302 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 20.0 °0.0 ° min to max 20.0 ° 0.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.72 g min to max 1.18 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -2,003 fpm-3,734 fpm min to max 159 fpm 159 -360 fpm
Info Average altitude 26,032 ft asl19,036 ft asl min to max 36,015 ft asl 36,003 19,036 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-2.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 15 miles north west of CYCV Cartierville Airport Montreal (British Columbia, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,450 ft of 19,002 ft asl18,987 ft asl min to max 19,015 ft asl 19,010 19,012 ft asl
100 % Average speed 307 kt305 kt min to max 309 kt 305 306 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.7 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.7 1.9 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 11 miles north east of Maple Ridge (British Columbia, Canada). Descent from 19,006 ft asl to 1,356 ft asl, a decrease of 17,650 ft in 16 minutes and covering 59 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 211 kt156 kt min to max 310 kt 307 157 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.3 ° 0.2 0.7 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.02 g0.54 g min to max 1.31 g 0.86 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -1,036 fpm-2,895 fpm min to max 346 fpm -418 -910 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,929 ft asl1,356 ft asl min to max 19,006 ft asl 19,006 1,356 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-0.9 ° min to max 7.9 ° 0.8 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 10,725 ft agl · 286 kt
Info Landing Lights On 9,801 ft agl · 262 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 8,654 ft agl · 248 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3,059 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 3,048 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,908 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,703 ft agl · 163 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 08L at CYVR Vancouver International Airport. Descent from 1,398 ft agl to 116 ft agl in 102 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 86.19Landing on runway 08L at CYVR Vancouver International Airport, runway length 3,021 m. Threshold height at 67 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 160 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 160 kt. Target 149 kt
74 % Threshold height at 67 ft agl was above target.Target 50 ft agl
72 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.1° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 469 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.41 m left3.41 m left to 1.56 m left 2.23 1.71 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.0 0.0 °
100 % Peak g force 1.12 g0.92 g min to max 1.12 g 0.94 1.11 g
Info Average speed 159 kt158 kt min to max 160 kt 160 158 kt
Info Average VSI -604 fpm-712 fpm min to max -366 fpm -366 -579 fpm
Info Average altitude 36 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 67 ft agl 67 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.6 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.1 4.2 °
07515022530037545052501326405366Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 89.68Touchdown point was 51 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 158 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -394 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 10 kt at 85 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
68 % Touchdown rate was -394 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 469 mTarget 457 m
89 % Speed at touchdown 158 ktTarget below 141 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.71 m left1.44 m left 1.71 1.24 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.6 °
65 % Peak g force 1.90 g0.94 g min to max 1.90 g 1.11 0.94 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 158 kt158 kt min to max 158 kt 158 158 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °4.2 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.2 4.2 °
Arrival Rollout 99.99Total landing distance 1,540 m, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 7.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,540 m51 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 7.78 m left7.78 m left to 1.10 m right -1.04 2.51 m
99.9 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.32 g 0.88 0.99 g
Info Average speed 114 kt73 kt min to max 143 kt 143 73 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.2 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 34 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt13 kt min to max 68 kt 68 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 0.98 g

Events

Info Taxi Lights On  · 22 kt
Info Strobe Lights Off  · 23 kt
Info Landing Lights Off  · 23 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 9 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 15 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 16 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 4  · 27 kt
Info Flaps Position 1  · 26 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 26 kt
Info Parking Brake On  · 19 kt
Info Taxi Lights Off  · 17 kt

Takeoff from CYYZ 23

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
16kt peak12 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,812m57 %
Runway alignment92.80
12.37m R
Rotation speed100.00
160kttarget 157, 3 late

Liftoff pitch close to a tail strike

The wheels left at 9.5°, at or past this aircraft's 9.5° tail strike.

The tail can only touch while the main wheels are still on the runway, so the margin that matters is the one at liftoff. Rotate at the rotate speed, at the normal rate, and let the aircraft fly itself off at its own attitude: keep the pull going towards the climb attitude only once the wheels have left. Rotating early, or pulling faster than the aircraft can lift off, is what eats the margin.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
167ktat 9.5°
Rotation
3.6°/sover 2.8 s, gaining 7 kt
35 ft
169ktat 15.7°, 2.6 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
0.8°steepest
Gear up93.82
733ftfull marks to 696 ft
Climb 3 speed81.12
172kttarget 204

Plan view the roll down the 3,171 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 12 m at the widest, and lifted off 13 m right, in 7 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS7 kn75 %widest 12.10 m RAirborne 1,820 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,820 m of 3,171 m · 57 %
Takeoff roll, 1,820 m Left ahead, 1,351 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 945 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,133 m of runway left; gear up at 733 ft, 37 ft past the 696 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,090 fpm on average to 945 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3172 kt avgtarget 204THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 239 m · 2.8 sRotate 160 kttarget 157Liftoff 167 ktGear up 733 ftfull marks to 696 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 204210 kt14070020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 239 m · 2.8 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 157held 15.1°9.5° off · 3.6°/s16° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 3.1° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Boeing 777-300ER pilots over the last 180 days (76 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.5°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°3.1°/s3°/s2.1°/s2°/sTAIL STRIKE 9.5°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT9.5° off · 3.6°/s16° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2.1 to 3.1°/s, other Boeing 777-300ER pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate700 fpm910 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.1°
On centreline0.1° off0.2° off
On speed+10 kt+14 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to CYVR 08L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 30 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3497043862211,000 ft gate7 of 71,088 ft · 155 kt500 ft gate7 of 7552 ft · 159 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 21× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 18 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR46 m L046 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND18 m L14 m L9 m L7 m L17 m L10 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +9 kt and +18 kt on the approach speed of 145 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 145+12 kt+12 kt+16 kt+13 kt+15 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on CYVR 08L

Over the threshold

Threshold height73.78
66ft
Threshold speed99.22
159kttarget 149, 10 fast
Centreline offset100.00
3.41m L
Bank100.00
1.9°steepest
Flare71.76

The flare wandered off the target profile

The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.1° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 469 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
469m
Centreline100.00
1.71m L
Speed89.05
157kttarget 141, 16 fast
Touchdown rate68.00
-394fpm
Impact65.48
1.90G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.6°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
1,027m50 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
7.78m L

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
20kt peak11 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,618 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 66 ft, 16 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 10 ft. Touched down 469 m in, 164 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,618 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

66 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 10 ft · −563 fpm · 3.1° · 158 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −409 fpm · 4.2°−394 fpm · 4.2° nose up · 158 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 66 ft, down at 469 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 560 fpm at the flare to 390 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.1° on the way down. Into the flare at 158 kt, 9 kt over the 149 kt approach speed, and 158 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−394 fpm at touchdown4.2° at touchdown, +1.1° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,618 m of the 3,021 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 7.7 m left on the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 102° at 17 kt · 17 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 469 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 469 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.90 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 1,496 m of 3,021 m · 50 %
In the air over the runway, 469 mRollout, 1,027 m Left over, 1,525 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 143 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 31 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 1,164 m30 kt · 1,355 mtouchdown1,409 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Boeing 777-300ER taxied from the parking area to runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 17 minutes, covering 3 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 23 with a take-off roll of 1,812 m (57 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 160 kt. The local weather was 11 °C with wind 8 kt from 312°, giving a 1 kt headwind and an 8 kt crosswind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 24 seconds, averaging 1,898 fpm and reaching 181 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 1,586 ft asl to 33,990 ft asl in 13 minutes, covering 85 nm, beginning 2 nm west of CYYZ.

Level flight continued at 34,000 ft asl for 114 minutes, covering 887 nm, starting 6 nm west of Owen Sound. A subsequent climb from 34,003 ft asl to 35,984 ft asl took 2 minutes over 11 nm, beginning 12 nm north-west of CJZ5 Virden Airport.

The aircraft then cruised at 36,000 ft asl for 109 minutes, covering 746 nm, starting 6 nm south-east of Moosomin.

Descent from 36,003 ft asl to 1,356 ft asl lasted 26 minutes and covered 118 nm, beginning 18 nm north-west of Princeton, with a brief level-off at 19,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 08L at CYVR Vancouver International Airport descended from 1,398 ft agl to 116 ft agl in 102 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was down at 1,703 ft agl at 163 kt, and the final flap position 6 was selected at 2,908 ft agl at 174 kt.

Landing occurred on runway 08L (runway length 3,021 m). The threshold height at 67 ft agl was above target and the threshold speed of 160 kt was slightly above target. The flare was described as good, with little round-out. Touchdown was 51 m beyond the touchdown zone at 158 kt, a fast speed, with a firm rate of minus 394 fpm. Runway-touchdown alignment was very good and no bounce occurred.

Total landing distance was 1,540 m (51 % of the runway). Runway rollout alignment was slightly off centreline by 7.8 m.

The aircraft taxied to parking from the runway in 9 minutes, covering 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered 1,858 nm in 288 minutes and used 33,667 kg of fuel.

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