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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 204 kt.
What happened: Climb speed was 172 kt against a target of 204 kt, running 32 kt slow through the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 204 kt.
Arrival
Begin the flare with firm, progressive back pressure, raising the nose further through the flare band and holding it until touchdown.
What happened: The nose was raised only 1.1° and little of the sink was taken out, so the aircraft was flown onto the runway; an under-flare like this usually carries through into a hard touchdown, as this one did at 1.9 g.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a steady, progressive reduction in sink through the normal flare band.
High on final, the pilot dives to the aim point, converting altitude directly into airspeed, and arrives on-glideslope but 15 knots fast. The vertical profile looks fine; the speed trace does not. It is one of the reasons the stabilised-approach concept - configured, on speed, on path by a gate, commonly 1,000 ft in IMC and 500 ft in VMC - checks speed and path together, and why the tolerances airlines use are asymmetric, typically allowing more on the fast side than the slow, because slow kills faster than fast.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
Liftoff pitch close to a tail strike
The wheels left at 9.5°, at or past this aircraft's 9.5° tail strike.
The tail can only touch while the main wheels are still on the runway, so the margin that matters is the one at liftoff. Rotate at the rotate speed, at the normal rate, and let the aircraft fly itself off at its own attitude: keep the pull going towards the climb attitude only once the wheels have left. Rotating early, or pulling faster than the aircraft can lift off, is what eats the margin.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 3,171 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 12 m at the widest, and lifted off 13 m right, in 7 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 945 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,133 m of runway left; gear up at 733 ft, 37 ft past the 696 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,090 fpm on average to 945 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 3.1° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Boeing 777-300ER pilots over the last 180 days (76 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.5°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 30 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 21× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 18 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +9 kt and +18 kt on the approach speed of 145 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare wandered off the target profile
The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.1° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 469 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,618 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 66 ft, 16 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 10 ft. Touched down 469 m in, 164 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,618 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 560 fpm at the flare to 390 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.1° on the way down. Into the flare at 158 kt, 9 kt over the 149 kt approach speed, and 158 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,618 m of the 3,021 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 7.7 m left on the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 102° at 17 kt · 17 kt head · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 469 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.90 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 143 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 31 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Boeing 777-300ER taxied from the parking area to runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 17 minutes, covering 3 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 23 with a take-off roll of 1,812 m (57 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 160 kt. The local weather was 11 °C with wind 8 kt from 312°, giving a 1 kt headwind and an 8 kt crosswind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 24 seconds, averaging 1,898 fpm and reaching 181 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 1,586 ft asl to 33,990 ft asl in 13 minutes, covering 85 nm, beginning 2 nm west of CYYZ.
Level flight continued at 34,000 ft asl for 114 minutes, covering 887 nm, starting 6 nm west of Owen Sound. A subsequent climb from 34,003 ft asl to 35,984 ft asl took 2 minutes over 11 nm, beginning 12 nm north-west of CJZ5 Virden Airport.
The aircraft then cruised at 36,000 ft asl for 109 minutes, covering 746 nm, starting 6 nm south-east of Moosomin.
Descent from 36,003 ft asl to 1,356 ft asl lasted 26 minutes and covered 118 nm, beginning 18 nm north-west of Princeton, with a brief level-off at 19,000 ft asl.
Final approach to runway 08L at CYVR Vancouver International Airport descended from 1,398 ft agl to 116 ft agl in 102 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was down at 1,703 ft agl at 163 kt, and the final flap position 6 was selected at 2,908 ft agl at 174 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 08L (runway length 3,021 m). The threshold height at 67 ft agl was above target and the threshold speed of 160 kt was slightly above target. The flare was described as good, with little round-out. Touchdown was 51 m beyond the touchdown zone at 158 kt, a fast speed, with a firm rate of minus 394 fpm. Runway-touchdown alignment was very good and no bounce occurred.
Total landing distance was 1,540 m (51 % of the runway). Runway rollout alignment was slightly off centreline by 7.8 m.
The aircraft taxied to parking from the runway in 9 minutes, covering 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 1,858 nm in 288 minutes and used 33,667 kg of fuel.
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