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KSKY
Sandusky, United States
Runway 09
Elevation577 ft asl
Weight1,454 lbs
Fuel161 lbs
Wind86° · 10 kn

Flight Score

99.35 %
89D
Kelleys Island, United States
Runway 36
Elevation597 ft asl
Weight1,454 lbs
Fuel154 lbs
Wind86° · 10 kn · 10 kn cross
18 May 2025 0:12 12 nm PA28 Warrior II 7 lbs
Departure Score
98.15 %
Enroute Score
99.89 %
Arrival Score
100.00 %

What went well

Touched down at -85 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 237 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 7 ft and 56 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 13.2 ° at 71 %, −0.39 points
Departure Taxi — scored 98.13 %, −0.12 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 4.0 ° at 95 %, −0.09 points

Top opportunity

Avoid steep turns at low altitude

Departure Climb 3

Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 11 stages, 10 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 98.13Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 26 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-2.5 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.9 0.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 09 at KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport, Average speed was 19 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 35 kt 26 35 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.5 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 09 at KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport. Takeoff distance 450 ft 13 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kt. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 10 kt at 85 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 450 ft13 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 69 ktTarget 65 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.5 ft0.5 ft left to 1.0 ft right -0.7 -1.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max 2.0 ° -0.7 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 1.2 °
Departure Climb 1 99.84Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 09 KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 73 kt69 kt min to max 77 kt 69 77 kt
99 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.2 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.20 g 1.13 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 549 fpm425 fpm min to max 580 fpm 425 570 fpm
Info Average altitude 24 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 1 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °2.1 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.1 3.9 °
Departure Climb 2 98.66Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 09 KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.1 °0.8 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.8 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt77 kt min to max 88 kt 77 88 kt
95 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.9 4.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 744 fpm570 fpm min to max 1,244 fpm 570 1,176 fpm
Info Average altitude 112 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 389 ft agl 52 389 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °3.9 ° min to max 8.8 ° 3.9 7.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 187 ft agl · 80 kt
Departure Climb 3 94.12Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 09 KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-2.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 -2.1 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt87 kt min to max 88 kt 88 88 kt
71 % Average bank angle 9.3 °4.6 ° min to max 13.2 ° 4.6 13.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,304 fpm1,229 fpm min to max 1,359 fpm 1,229 1,242 fpm
Info Average altitude 510 ft agl410 ft agl min to max 608 ft agl 410 608 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °6.2 ° min to max 7.9 ° 7.6 6.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport Sandusky (Ohio, United States). Climbing from 1,206 ft asl to 1,570 ft asl, an increase of 364 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kt86 kt min to max 94 kt 88 91 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.0 ° min to max 13.7 ° 13.7 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 523 fpm-194 fpm min to max 1,419 fpm 1,204 -48 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,494 ft asl1,206 ft asl min to max 1,577 ft asl 1,206 1,570 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-1.3 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.0 -1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.77Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport Sandusky (Ohio, United States) and lasted 9 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Average altitude 1,328 ft asl715 ft asl min to max 1,574 ft asl 1,569 715 ft asl
100 % Average speed 86 kt60 kt min to max 100 kt 91 63 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 13.0 ° 1.4 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.11 g 0.99 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-5.6 ° min to max 6.2 ° -1.4 -4.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 591 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 555 ft agl · 76 kt
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 36 at 89D Kelleys Island Land Field from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 105 ft agl to -3 ft agl. A decrease of 108 ft in 10 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.4 °0.4 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 60 kt56 kt min to max 63 kt 63 56 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 -0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.9 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.89 g min to max 1.23 g 0.97 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -654 fpm-890 fpm min to max -109 fpm -828 -113 fpm
Info Average altitude 30 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 105 ft agl 105 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-6.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° -5.1 1.3 °
00.250.50.751050100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 36 at 89D Kelleys Island Land Field, runway length 1,795 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 56 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 56 kt. Target 65 kt
100 % Target 29 ft agl
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.3 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.09 g 0.93 1.02 g
Info Average speed 54 kt52 kt min to max 56 kt 56 52 kt
Info Average VSI -79 fpm-122 fpm min to max -44 fpm -116 -85 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 7 ft agl 7 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.5 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.5 3.1 °
025007.3215222937Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 230 ft. Touchdown speed at 52 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -85 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 10 kt at 85 °. Crosswind: 10 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -85 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 230 ftTarget 1,098 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 52 ktTarget below 61 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 6.5 ft6.3 ft right -6.4 -6.5 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.02 g min to max 1.17 g 1.02 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 52 kt51 kt min to max 52 kt 52 51 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °3.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.1 4.0 °

Takeoff

OkTaxi lightsSet
100.00Takeoff roll450 ft · 13 %
100.00Liftoff speed68 kt · target 65, 3 fast
100.00Runway alignment1.0 ft R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.84Rate of climb548 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

100.00Threshold height7 ft
100.00Threshold speed56 kt · target 65, 9 slow
100.00Centreline offset0.3 ft R

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on 89D 36

Past threshold100.00
237ft
Centreline100.00
6.5ft R
Speed100.00
52kttarget 61 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-85fpm
Impact100.00
1.17G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,795 ft of the approach.

7 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 7 ft, down at 237 ft

Plan view — the full 1,795 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

1,000 THRESHOLD CROSS 9 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 237 ft past threshold CLEARED

The 237 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 237 ft of 1,795 ft · 13 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

This flight began with a taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 5 minutes and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a PA28 Warrior II, then departed from runway 09 at Griffing Sandusky Airport (KSKY), with a takeoff distance of 450 feet, which is 13% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 69 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 61°F and a wind speed of 10 knots from an 85-degree direction. This resulted in a crosswind of 0 knots and a headwind of 10 knots. The aircraft began its enroute climb after departing the airport, with the climb starting overhead the airport and reaching an altitude of 1,570 feet above sea level (asl) from an initial altitude of 1,206 feet asl. This climb of 364 feet in 1 minute covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile.

Following the enroute climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, which lasted for 9 minutes and covered a distance of 9 nautical miles. This cruise phase began 1 mile northeast of the airport. The final approach to runway 36 at Kelleys Island Land Field (89D) was made from the south, with the aircraft heading 3.0 degrees at an altitude of 105 feet above ground level (agl) and a distance of 0 nautical miles from the runway.

The landing on runway 36 was successful, with a touchdown distance of 230 feet and a touchdown speed of 52 knots. The touchdown rate was excellent at -85 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were similar to those at the time of departure, with a temperature of 61°F and a wind speed of 10 knots from an 85-degree direction. This resulted in a crosswind of 10 knots and a headwind of 1 knot.

The total flight distance was 12 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 12 minutes. The aircraft used 7 pounds of fuel during the flight. Overall, the flight was characterized by a smooth and controlled climb, cruise, and descent, with a successful landing on the designated runway.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 09 at KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport in the PA28 Warrior II
98.15 %
98.13 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
95.33 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
1 -0.5 -2
100 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 09 at KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport. Takeoff distance 450 ft 13 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kt. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 10 kt at 85 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 450 ft using 13.36 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 69 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
100 %
0.5 ft left to 1.0 ft right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 55 40
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
01,0002,0003,000-40-30-20-10010203040 Runway Distance ft Runway Alignment to End of Runway ft
99.84 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 09 KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
99.37 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
5 3.5 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
600 250 -100
98.66 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 09 KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
94.66 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 6 3
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 850 400
94.12 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 09 KSKY Griffing Sandusky Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 85 80
Bank °
70.61 %
14 9 4
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 7 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,400 1,250 1,100
01,0002,0003,000063126189252315 Runway Distance ft Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50100200300400500 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.5-200-160-120-80-4004080120160200 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment in (ft) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 36 at 89D Kelleys Island Land Field in the PA28 Warrior II
Landing Score 100 %
Landing Summary

The PA28 Warrior II aircraft successfully landed at 89D Kelleys Island Land Field, achieving a perfect score of 100.0%. The final approach to runway 36 was conducted from the south, with a heading of 3.0° at an altitude of 105 feet above ground level (agl) and a distance of 0 nautical miles from the runway.

The pilot demonstrated excellent control and precision during the landing, with a good threshold height and a threshold speed that was only slightly below the target of 56 knots. The touchdown distance of 230 feet was also within acceptable limits, indicating a smooth and controlled descent. The touchdown speed of 52 knots was good, and the touchdown rate of -85 feet per minute (fpm) was excellent, showing a high degree of control and stability.

The runway touchdown alignment was very good, indicating that the pilot had maintained a stable and consistent approach path. The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were favorable, with a temperature of 61°F and a wind of 10 knots at 85°. The crosswind component was 10 knots, while the headwind component was only 1 knot, which did not pose a significant challenge to the pilot.

Overall, the landing was a textbook example of a well-executed approach and touchdown, with the pilot demonstrating a high degree of skill and control. The PA28 Warrior II aircraft performed well in the conditions, and the pilot's ability to adapt to the local weather and runway conditions was evident in the smooth and controlled landing.

100 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 36 at 89D Kelleys Island Land Field from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 105 ft agl to -3 ft agl. A decrease of 108 ft in 10 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
63 56 50
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-109 -504 -900
00.250.50.751050100 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
100 %
Landing
Landing on runway 36 at 89D Kelleys Island Land Field, runway length 1,795 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 56 kt.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was a little below target at 56 kt. Target 65 kt
Flare
100 %
Perfect landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
56 53 50
Pitch °
Info
4 2.5 1
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-44 -122 -200
025007.3215222937 Runway Distance ft Landing Height ft
0250-30-24-18-12-60612182430 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
100 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 230 ft. Touchdown speed at 52 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -85 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 10 kt at 85 °. Crosswind: 10 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
Touchdown
100 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -85 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 52 kt was good. Target below 61 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 230 ft.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.6 °
G
100 %
G 1.10 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Metrics
Metrics

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