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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26

Flight Score

81.45 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
3 Apr 2024 0:08 10 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
83.49 %
Enroute Score
82.80 %
Arrival Score
72.95 %

What went well

Touchdown 456 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 27 % of the runway used
Airborne in 752 m — 35 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, Threshold speed was too high at 82 kn. at 54 %, −4.81 points
Enroute Descent — bank angle up to 103.7 ° at 0 %, g force 0.31 to 3.54 g at 0 %, −3.33 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 8.0 ° at 0 %, Heading variation 0.1 ° at 88 %, −2.04 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 77.16Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
85 % Liftoff speed was 74 knTarget 62 kn
51 % Runway alignment max 22.99 m6.40 m left to 16.59 m right -1.04 -16.59 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.3 3.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.2 0.9 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 97.01Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation 1.4 °1.3 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.3 1.5 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn73 kn min to max 74 kn 74 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.7 1.6 °
85 % Average g force 1.40 g1.16 g min to max 1.52 g 1.19 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 725 ft/m504 ft/m min to max 923 ft/m 504 923 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °4.1 ° min to max 12.0 ° 4.1 11.9 °
Departure Climb 2 80.49Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
41 % Heading variation 2.8 °1.6 ° min to max 6.7 ° 1.6 6.7 °
100 % Average speed 68 kn59 kn min to max 75 kn 71 61 kn
85 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.4 ° min to max 7.6 ° 1.0 0.4 °
88 % Average g force 1.01 g0.73 g min to max 1.46 g 1.07 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 1,279 ft/m196 ft/m min to max 1,982 ft/m 1,348 552 ft/m
Info Average altitude 142 ft agl57 ft agl min to max 379 ft agl 57 379 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.2 °2.8 ° min to max 18.0 ° 13.8 7.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 240 ft agl · 76 kt
Departure Climb 3 79.29Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
4 % Heading variation 8.5 °7.2 ° min to max 9.8 ° 7.2 9.8 °
100 % Average speed 60 kn57 kn min to max 62 kn 61 60 kn
92 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 0.3 4.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.14 g 1.07 0.92 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 858 ft/m375 ft/m min to max 1,234 ft/m 585 901 ft/m
Info Average altitude 514 ft agl389 ft agl min to max 633 ft agl 389 633 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °6.0 ° min to max 13.6 ° 8.4 8.0 °
Enroute Climb 70.83Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,691 ft asl to 2,413 ft asl, an increase of 722 ft in 2 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 45 kn21 kn min to max 80 kn 60 39 kn
48 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 66.2 ° 5.8 4.1 °
18 % Average g force 1.02 g0.47 g min to max 2.68 g 1.25 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 476 ft/m-4,904 ft/m min to max 3,117 ft/m 840 62 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,044 ft asl1,663 ft asl min to max 2,423 ft asl 1,691 2,413 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.5 °-43.2 ° min to max 37.5 ° 13.7 17.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 891 ft agl · 54 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 650 ft agl · 87 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 664 ft agl · 76 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 1,384 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 999 ft agl · 43 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 638 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 775 ft agl · 56 kt
Enroute Descent 50.00Enroute descent started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,423 ft asl to 2,107 ft asl, a decrease of 316 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 52 kn30 kn min to max 112 kn 36 94 kn
0 % Average bank angle 20.4 °1.0 ° min to max 103.7 ° 3.1 12.7 °
0 % Average g force 1.23 g0.31 g min to max 3.54 g 1.12 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -583 ft/m-7,363 ft/m min to max 3,686 ft/m 407 3,686 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,365 ft asl1,925 ft asl min to max 2,525 ft asl 2,423 2,107 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °-52.2 ° min to max 21.7 ° 19.0 21.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,401 ft agl · 58 kt
Enroute Climb 2 98.63Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,171 ft asl to 4,253 ft asl, an increase of 2,082 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kn62 kn min to max 96 kn 87 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.0 ° min to max 12.7 ° 9.4 0.5 °
86 % Average g force 1.01 g0.60 g min to max 1.49 g 0.87 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 935 ft/m-758 ft/m min to max 3,760 ft/m 3,760 2,026 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,844 ft asl2,171 ft asl min to max 4,253 ft asl 2,171 4,253 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °-4.9 ° min to max 20.2 ° 20.2 11.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,344 ft asl4,300 ft asl min to max 4,412 ft asl 4,369 4,400 ft asl
100 % Average speed 93 kn72 kn min to max 103 kn 72 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 19.8 °1.9 ° min to max 37.5 ° 7.7 37.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.78 g min to max 1.19 g 0.80 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-5.9 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.0 -3.2 °
Enroute Descent 2 94.55Enroute descent started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,384 ft asl to 2,865 ft asl, a decrease of 1,519 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kn82 kn min to max 124 kn 95 102 kn
93 % Average bank angle 20.2 °4.8 ° min to max 43.4 ° 39.8 18.7 °
73 % Average g force 1.09 g0.62 g min to max 1.72 g 0.94 0.65 g
Info Average VSI -905 ft/m-3,207 ft/m min to max 2,117 ft/m -762 -1,701 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,796 ft asl2,865 ft asl min to max 4,401 ft asl 4,384 2,865 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.6 °-17.0 ° min to max 12.2 ° -6.1 -13.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 2,096 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,058 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,028 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,004 ft agl · 126 kt
Arrival 98.51Arrival started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kn100 kn min to max 113 kn 102 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.1 ° min to max 18.7 ° 18.1 0.8 °
93 % Average g force 1.03 g0.67 g min to max 1.38 g 0.69 1.20 g
Info Average VSI -2,261 ft/m-3,944 ft/m min to max -1,163 ft/m -2,366 -1,760 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,328 ft asl1,988 ft asl min to max 2,820 ft asl 2,820 1,988 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -11.9 °-22.3 ° min to max -5.2 ° -16.5 -8.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 75.50Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 937 ft agl to 105 ft agl. A decrease of 832 ft in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 8.0 °5.7 ° min to max 9.5 °Target 3.0 ° 9.0 5.9 °
100 % Average speed 95 kn85 kn min to max 99 kn 99 85 kn
88 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 -0.1 °
90 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.2 ° min to max 6.8 ° 0.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.79 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -1,747 ft/m-2,330 ft/m min to max -834 ft/m -1,436 -846 ft/m
Info Average altitude 521 ft agl105 ft agl min to max 937 ft agl 937 105 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -9.9 °-13.2 ° min to max -2.9 ° -6.7 -2.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 276 ft agl · 102 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 42.26Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 93 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was too high at 82 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
54 % Threshold speed was too high at 82 kn. Target 63 kn
15 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.90 g min to max 1.14 g 1.06 0.97 g
Info Average speed 71 kn62 kn min to max 82 kn 82 62 kn
Info Average VSI -547 ft/m-615 ft/m min to max -419 ft/m -608 -504 ft/m
Info Average altitude 48 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 93 ft agl 93 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.7 ° min to max -0.6 ° -2.0 -2.4 °
07515022530037545052501937567593Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 80.97Touchdown point was 49 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 62 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -504 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
52 % Touchdown VSI was -504 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 423 mTarget 457 m
79 % Speed at touchdown 62 knTarget 53 kn
92 % Runway alignment max 5.37 m4.88 m left 4.33 5.37 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.7 1.6 °
70 % Average g force 1.05 g0.40 g min to max 1.78 g 0.97 0.82 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 58 kn48 kn min to max 62 kn 62 48 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-11.8 ° min to max 4.2 ° -2.4 -5.9 °
Arrival Rollout 93.06Total landing distance 646 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 646 m30 % of runway.
85 % Runway alignment max 7.28 m7.28 m left to 0.00 m left 5.40 7.28 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.12 g 0.85 0.99 g
Info Average speed 50 kn32 kn min to max 57 kn 57 32 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-4.8 ° min to max 5.3 ° -2.9 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 0.1 °

Events

Info Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 38 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 7 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kn10 kn min to max 27 kn 27 10 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.2 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

77.16 %
100.00Takeoff roll752 m · 35 %
85.15Liftoff speed73 kt
50.63Runway alignment16.59 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
97.01Rate of climb725 ft/m
Takeoff weight997 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn · 0 kn cross

Approach

75.50 %
Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
14.67Threshold height93 ft
54.39Threshold speed81 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.05 m L

Touchdown

80.97 %
100.00Touchdown point456 m
91.54Centreline at touchdown5.37 m L
52.21Sink rate-504 ft/m
69.71Touchdown force1.78 G
FailBounces1
93.06Rollout distance140 m · 27 % used
Landing weight992 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 08

Past threshold
456 m
Off centreline
5.37 mL
Sink rate
-504 ft/m
Impact
1.78G

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

93 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 93 ft, down at 456 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 456 m past threshold CLEARED

The 456 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.78 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 596 m of 2,124 m · 28 %

The rest of the report

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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
83.49 %
77.16 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
85.15 %
Liftoff speed was 74 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
50.63 %
6.40 m left to 16.59 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
0 %
Switched Off
Landing Lights
0 %
Switched Off
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
3 1.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
97.01 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
94.22 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 75 70
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
84.57 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
13 8.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 450 -100
80.49 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
41.37 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 65 50
Bank °
85.39 %
8 4 0
G
88 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
19 11 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
2,000 1,000 0
79.29 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
4.17 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 60 50
Bank °
92.26 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
14 10 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 750 200
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0000123246369492615 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.050.090.140.180.230100200300400500600 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.050.090.140.180.23-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 72.95 %
75.5 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 937 ft agl to 105 ft agl. A decrease of 832 ft in 28 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
87.6 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
99 90 80
Alignment
87.6 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
89.91 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-834 -1,617 -2,400
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
42.26 %
Landing
Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 93 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was too high at 82 kn.
Height
14.67 %
Threshold height at 93 ft agl was significantly above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
54.39 %
Threshold speed was too high at 82 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
82 71 60
Pitch °
Info
1 -1 -3
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-419 -560 -700
07515022530037545052501937567593 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
80.97 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 49 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 62 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -504 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
52.21 %
Touchdown rate was very hard at -504 ft/m.
Speed
78.5 %
Touchdown speed at 62 kt was fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown point was 49 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
91.54 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.4 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.4 °
G
69.71 %
G 1.05 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
93.06 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 646 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 646 m using 30.43 % of runway
Alignment
84.58 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
48 34 20
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
6 1 -4
0200400600 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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