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LIPR
Rimini, Italy
Runway 31
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight844 kg
Fuel41 kg
Wind270° · 9 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

81.69 %
LIKD
Faetano, San Marino
Runway 34
Elevation820 ft asl
Weight841 kg
Fuel38 kg
3 Aug 2023 0:09 9 nm Scottish Aviation Bulldog T1 RAF 4 kg
Departure Score
92.87 %
Enroute Score
93.60 %
Arrival Score
58.78 %

What went well

Touchdown 229 m in — inside the full-score zone
Airborne in 424 m — 18 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -1.1 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 37.6 ° at 7 %, −4.65 points
Arrival Rollout — Landing distance 444 m at 24 %, Runway alignment max 8.63 m at 77 %, −4.55 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 89 kn at 28 %, Heading variation -0.7 ° at 64 %, −2.68 points
Arrival Touchdown — bank angle up to 4.2 ° at 0 %, g force 0.39 to 2.14 g at 49 %, −1.86 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kn0 kn min to max 13 kn 7 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.6 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.8 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 85.03Departure roll runway 31 at LIPR Rimini Mil. Takeoff distance 55 m 2 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 78 kn. Local weather - Temperature 34 °C. Wind 9 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 7 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 55 m2 % of runway
44 % Liftoff speed was 78 knTarget 60 kn
81 % Runway alignment max 7.11 m7.11 m left to 0.00 m left 1.45 4.34 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.8 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.8 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Departure Climb 1 98.84Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31 LIPR Rimini Mil.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.6 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn78 kn min to max 90 kn 78 90 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.0 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.19 g 1.03 0.93 g
Info Average VSI 390 ft/m252 ft/m min to max 549 ft/m 252 539 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °3.1 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.1 4.8 °
Departure Climb 2 87.63Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31 LIPR Rimini Mil.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.5 -0.8 °
100 % Average speed 93 kn90 kn min to max 94 kn 90 92 kn
51 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.3 ° min to max 20.5 ° 3.8 20.5 °
98 % Average g force 1.07 g0.80 g min to max 1.28 g 0.94 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 730 ft/m529 ft/m min to max 1,253 ft/m 535 752 ft/m
Info Average altitude 85 ft agl58 ft agl min to max 182 ft agl 58 182 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °3.4 ° min to max 9.2 ° 4.9 3.4 °
Enroute Climb 77.02Enroute climb started overhead LIPR Rimini Mil Rimini (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 214 ft asl to 1,162 ft asl, an increase of 949 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
44 % Climb speed 98 kn89 kn min to max 107 knTarget 75 kn 92 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.1 ° min to max 25.3 ° 21.3 1.3 °
93 % Average g force 1.03 g0.75 g min to max 1.38 g 0.99 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 530 ft/m38 ft/m min to max 1,667 ft/m 488 276 ft/m
Info Average altitude 690 ft asl214 ft asl min to max 1,162 ft asl 214 1,162 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-1.8 ° min to max 11.4 ° 2.5 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.66Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north west of Coriano (Provincia di Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,164 ft asl1,096 ft asl min to max 1,265 ft asl 1,169 1,265 ft asl
100 % Average speed 109 kn101 kn min to max 115 kn 104 111 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.4 °0.3 ° min to max 36.1 ° 2.6 2.0 °
97 % Average g force 1.03 g0.69 g min to max 1.23 g 0.71 0.89 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-3.8 ° min to max 5.0 ° 1.5 0.6 °
Enroute Climb 2 97.03Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Falciano (Serravalle, San Marino). Climbing from 1,285 ft asl to 1,485 ft asl, an increase of 200 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 103 kn99 kn min to max 108 kn 105 108 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.2 ° min to max 18.1 ° 8.9 1.9 °
70 % Average g force 0.96 g0.23 g min to max 1.18 g 1.02 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 436 ft/m-747 ft/m min to max 1,004 ft/m 598 -747 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,424 ft asl1,285 ft asl min to max 1,533 ft asl 1,285 1,485 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-7.9 ° min to max 4.9 ° 0.7 -3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 94.11Enroute level cruise started overhead Falciano (Serravalle, San Marino) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,483 ft asl1,421 ft asl min to max 1,568 ft asl 1,421 1,515 ft asl
100 % Average speed 112 kn104 kn min to max 119 kn 116 111 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.9 °0.4 ° min to max 15.8 ° 0.6 6.6 °
41 % Average g force 1.01 g-0.28 g min to max 1.44 g 1.44 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-2.3 ° min to max 10.2 ° -0.4 -1.8 °
Enroute Climb 3 99.49Enroute climb started overhead Falciano (Serravalle, San Marino). Climbing from 1,517 ft asl to 2,382 ft asl, an increase of 865 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kn76 kn min to max 109 kn 103 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.7 °0.0 ° min to max 29.9 ° 6.4 29.1 °
95 % Average g force 1.04 g0.67 g min to max 1.34 g 1.19 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 776 ft/m-654 ft/m min to max 2,489 ft/m 36 1,199 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,967 ft asl1,517 ft asl min to max 2,382 ft asl 1,517 2,382 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-7.6 ° min to max 14.7 ° 0.9 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 94.31Enroute descent started overhead Serravalle (Serravalle, San Marino). Descent from 2,401 ft asl to 2,410 ft asl, a decrease of 8 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 111 kn105 kn min to max 118 kn 105 114 kn
87 % Average bank angle 31.9 °1.2 ° min to max 46.4 ° 28.0 1.2 °
94 % Average g force 1.08 g0.78 g min to max 1.35 g 1.09 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 233 ft/m-2,085 ft/m min to max 1,161 ft/m 1,161 -2,085 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,467 ft asl2,401 ft asl min to max 2,510 ft asl 2,401 2,410 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-11.3 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.7 -11.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 57.84Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Serravalle (Serravalle, San Marino).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 114 kn98 kn min to max 136 kn 108 106 kn
7 % Average bank angle 20.3 °0.6 ° min to max 48.8 ° 3.7 40.4 °
76 % Average g force 1.09 g0.48 g min to max 1.67 g 0.82 1.23 g
Info Average VSI -855 ft/m-4,020 ft/m min to max 1,431 ft/m -2,434 -1,292 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,608 ft asl1,404 ft asl min to max 2,367 ft asl 2,367 1,483 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-22.3 ° min to max 6.2 ° -13.4 -8.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,002 ft agl · 113 kt
Arrival Final 1 44.26Approaching runway 34 at LIJV Aviosuperficie Torraccia from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 637 ft agl to -13 ft agl. A decrease of 650 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
40 % Approach angle 3.4 °1.1 ° min to max 7.5 °Target 3.0 ° 7.4 1.1 °
100 % Average speed 99 kn89 kn min to max 121 kn 108 89 kn
0 % Heading variation -1.1 °-3.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
7 % Average bank angle 7.7 °1.4 ° min to max 37.6 ° 37.6 1.4 °
49 % Average g force 1.15 g0.11 g min to max 2.15 g 1.33 1.35 g
Info Average VSI -1,406 ft/m-4,770 ft/m min to max -893 ft/m -1,498 -930 ft/m
Info Average altitude 143 ft agl-13 ft agl min to max 637 ft agl 637 -13 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -7.3 °-24.6 ° min to max -2.9 ° -7.3 -3.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 998 ft agl · 120 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 67.83Landing on runway 34 at LIJV Aviosuperficie Torraccia, runway length 472 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 89 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
28 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 89 kn. Target 65 kn
85 % Landing and flare profile
64 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -1.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.1 2.0 °
73 % Average g force 1.03 g0.27 g min to max 1.26 g 1.25 1.07 g
Info Average speed 83 kn76 kn min to max 89 kn 89 76 kn
Info Average VSI -494 ft/m-905 ft/m min to max 80 ft/m -905 -237 ft/m
Info Average altitude -12 ft agl-22 ft agl min to max 11 ft agl 11 -22 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-6.2 ° min to max 4.0 ° -4.2 2.0 °
0112132435306.5513202633Runway Distance mLanding Height ft01121324353-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 77.66Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 76 kn was too fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -237 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 34 °C. Wind 8 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 8 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Touchdown VSI was -237 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 227 mTarget 310 m
65 % Speed at touchdown 76 knTarget 63 kn
81 % Runway alignment max 7.10 m5.74 m right -5.11 -7.10 m
0 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.0 3.8 °
49 % Average g force 1.10 g0.39 g min to max 2.14 g 1.07 1.01 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 68 kn63 kn min to max 76 kn 76 63 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °0.5 ° min to max 8.6 ° 2.0 4.1 °
Arrival Rollout 45.36Total landing distance 444 m, 94 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.3 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
24 % Landing distance 444 m94 % of runway.
77 % Runway alignment max 8.63 m0.34 m left to 8.30 m right -8.17 0.34 m
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 1.01 g
Info Average speed 47 kn34 kn min to max 59 kn 59 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.7 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.7 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 1.7 °0.5 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 0.5 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 57 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 18 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kn0 kn min to max 74 kn 27 74 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °-0.4 ° min to max 10.1 ° 4.4 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 2.8 °0.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° 0.7 2.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.38 g 1.02 1.02 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 78 kt with 3.1° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.1° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 17 kt 2.2° 0 s
Liftoff437 m 78 kt 3.1° 20.3 s
35 ft681 m · 6.0 s after liftoff 88 kt 5.5° 26.2 s
End of the climb1,069 m · 168 ft 92 kt 3.4° 35.2 s

Takeoff from LIPR 31

Takeoff roll100.00
424m18 %
Liftoff speed44.44
78kt
Runway alignment80.71
7.11m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.84
389fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 168 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,705 m of runway left; then climbing at 680 fpm on average to 168 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 78 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,376 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 7.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.4 m left, in 5 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 17 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS5 kn75 %widest 7.15 m LAirborne 427 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 427 m of 2,376 m · 18 %
Takeoff roll, 427 m Left ahead, 1,949 m

The approach to LIKD 34

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm (up to 440 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND532
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 67 m right of the centreline at 0.8 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR168 m L0168 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND57 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on LIKD 34

Over the threshold

Threshold height77.73
10ft
Threshold speed28.38
89kt
Centreline offset64.29
0.37m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
229m
Centreline80.76
7.10m R
Speed65.04
75kt
Touchdown rate80.35
-240fpm
Impact49.14
2.14G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 6° left of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 472 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 10 ft, 40 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 229 m in, 76 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 472 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

10 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −236 fpm · 2° nose up · 76 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 10 ft, down at 229 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 1,090 fpm at 73 ft to 240 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−7°2°10°touchdown−236 fpm at touchdown2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 472 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 7.1 m right of the centreline and drifted to 14 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 229 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 229 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 2.14 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 325 m of 472 m · 69 %
In the air over the runway, 229 mRollout, 97 m Left over, 147 m
Rollout distance100.00
97m69 % used
Rollout alignment76.61
8.30m R

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