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KRTS
Reno, United States
Runway 08
Elevation5,030 ft asl
Weight2,820 kg
Fuel586 kg
Wind80° · 13 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

86.90 %
KRTS
Reno, United States
Runway 08
Elevation5,030 ft asl
Weight2,795 kg
Fuel558 kg
Wind130° · 9 kn · 5 kn cross
27 Sep 2025 0:09 14 nm PC-21 28 kg
Departure Score
90.58 %
Enroute Score
93.34 %
Arrival Score
76.78 %

What went well

Touched down at 20 fpm — a soft arrival
1.19 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — GPWS warning; at 0 %, Flare profile at 0 %, −3.29 points
Enroute Climb — bank angle up to 53.1 ° at 74 %, g force 0.54 to 2.04 g at 85 %, −2.00 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −1.85 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 5 kt0 kt min to max 8 kt 0 2 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 3 ktmax 3 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.6 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.5 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 17 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 7 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 08 at 4SD Reno/Stead, Average speed was 13 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt3 kt min to max 26 kt 6 26 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.7 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.8 1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.7 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g
Departure Roll 72.23Departure roll runway 08 at 4SD Reno/Stead. Takeoff distance 693 m 30 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 110 kt. Local weather - Temperature 27 °C. Wind 14 kt at 80 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 13 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 693 m30 % of runway
31 % Liftoff speed was 110 ktTarget 80 kt
80 % Runway alignment max 8.57 m8.57 m left to 0.00 m left 6.12 7.40 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.8 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.6 5.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.6 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08 4SD Reno/Stead.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 120 kt110 kt min to max 128 kt 110 128 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.6 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.10 g 1.03 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 546 fpm304 fpm min to max 721 fpm 304 721 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl 0 54 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.1 6.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 21 ft agl · 135 kt
Departure Climb 2 95.19Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08 4SD Reno/Stead.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 133 kt128 kt min to max 149 kt 128 149 kt
81 % Average bank angle 2.4 °1.0 ° min to max 9.3 ° 1.3 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.91 g min to max 1.13 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 996 fpm731 fpm min to max 1,610 fpm 731 1,610 fpm
Info Average altitude 91 ft agl55 ft agl min to max 257 ft agl 55 257 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °6.0 ° min to max 7.7 ° 6.5 7.0 °
Departure Climb 3 95.46Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 08 4SD Reno/Stead.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.5 °0.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.4 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 178 kt154 kt min to max 203 kt 154 203 kt
77 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.3 ° min to max 10.6 ° 2.8 10.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.86 g min to max 1.22 g 1.01 1.16 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,709 fpm965 fpm min to max 2,817 fpm 1,650 2,817 fpm
Info Average altitude 534 ft agl285 ft agl min to max 860 ft agl 285 860 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °4.6 ° min to max 8.7 ° 6.8 8.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 411 ft agl · 176 kt
Enroute Climb 88.01Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Lemmon Valley (Nevada, United States). Climbing from 5,960 ft asl to 9,564 ft asl, an increase of 3,604 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 222 kt202 kt min to max 239 kt 203 224 kt
74 % Average bank angle 24.4 °1.3 ° min to max 53.1 ° 11.1 2.5 °
85 % Average g force 1.16 g0.54 g min to max 2.04 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 2,117 fpm-344 fpm min to max 4,217 fpm 3,083 627 fpm
Info Average altitude 8,049 ft asl5,960 ft asl min to max 9,564 ft asl 5,960 9,564 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 10.9 ° 8.9 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 98.68Enroute descent started 3 miles south of Cold Springs (Nevada, United States). Descent from 9,717 ft asl to 7,656 ft asl, a decrease of 2,061 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 204 kt139 kt min to max 234 kt 220 139 kt
99 % Average bank angle 28.7 °0.8 ° min to max 40.7 ° 0.8 1.1 °
92 % Average g force 1.16 g0.85 g min to max 1.77 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,209 fpm-2,866 fpm min to max 953 fpm 953 -2,028 fpm
Info Average altitude 8,828 ft asl7,656 ft asl min to max 9,744 ft asl 9,717 7,656 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-6.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 -6.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3,973 ft agl · 259 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,875 ft agl · 277 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,489 ft agl · 248 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,065 ft agl · 179 kt
Arrival Final 4 70.00Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 2,334 ft agl to 1,432 ft agl. A decrease of 902 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 8.0 °7.6 ° min to max 8.1 °Target 3.0 ° 7.6 8.1 °
100 % Average speed 136 kt128 kt min to max 147 kt 142 132 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -0.7 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.91 g min to max 1.18 g 1.18 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -1,813 fpm-2,127 fpm min to max -1,153 fpm -2,059 -1,972 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,926 ft agl1,432 ft agl min to max 2,334 ft agl 2,334 1,432 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.9 °-7.4 ° min to max -3.0 ° -5.4 -7.4 °
Arrival Final 3 82.33Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,398 ft agl to 921 ft agl. A decrease of 477 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
41 % Approach angle 8.2 °8.1 ° min to max 8.3 °Target 3.0 ° 8.1 8.3 °
100 % Average speed 134 kt131 kt min to max 137 kt 131 135 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -0.6 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.90 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 0.90 g
Info Average VSI -2,036 fpm-2,176 fpm min to max -1,922 fpm -2,001 -2,176 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,164 ft agl921 ft agl min to max 1,398 ft agl 1,398 921 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -7.4 °-7.9 ° min to max -6.8 ° -6.8 -7.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 992 ft agl · 159 kt
Arrival Final 2 86.11Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 882 ft agl to 415 ft agl. A decrease of 467 ft in 11 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
54 % Approach angle 8.1 °7.7 ° min to max 8.3 °Target 3.0 ° 8.3 7.7 °
100 % Average speed 138 kt133 kt min to max 141 kt 135 133 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.7 -0.5 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.90 g min to max 1.04 g 0.90 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -2,322 fpm-2,382 fpm min to max -2,259 fpm -2,312 -2,382 fpm
Info Average altitude 634 ft agl415 ft agl min to max 882 ft agl 882 415 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.8 °-8.0 ° min to max -6.2 ° -8.0 -6.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 992 ft agl · 159 kt
Arrival Final 1 94.95Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 376 ft agl to 136 ft agl. A decrease of 240 ft in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
75 % Approach angle 7.3 °7.0 ° min to max 7.6 °Target 3.0 ° 7.6 7.0 °
100 % Average speed 134 kt133 kt min to max 137 kt 134 133 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -2,148 fpm-2,383 fpm min to max -1,900 fpm -2,383 -1,900 fpm
Info Average altitude 264 ft agl136 ft agl min to max 376 ft agl 376 136 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.8 °-6.7 ° min to max -4.6 ° -5.9 -5.5 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 992 ft agl · 159 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 30.93Landing on runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead, runway length 2,240 m. Threshold height at 137 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 134 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
25 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 134 kt. Target 95 kt
0 % Very poor landing flare
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
96 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 2.8 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.00 g min to max 1.26 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average speed 121 kt106 kt min to max 134 kt 134 106 kt
Info Average VSI -446 fpm-1,840 fpm min to max 21 fpm -1,840 21 fpm
Info Average altitude 37 ft agl25 ft agl min to max 137 ft agl 137 26 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-5.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° -5.0 4.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 992 ft agl · 159 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 62 ft agl · 146 kt
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0500275481108135Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,050-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 81.53Touchdown point was 493 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 106 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at 21 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 25 °C. Wind 8 kt at 133 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Headwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was 21 fpm.
0 % Touchdown distance was 915 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 106 ktTarget below 96 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.15 m1.59 m left 0.91 2.15 m
91 % Average bank angle 1.9 °1.2 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.00 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 1.10 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 105 kt104 kt min to max 106 kt 106 104 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °4.1 ° min to max 5.5 ° 4.4 5.5 °
Arrival Rollout 91.61Total landing distance 1,373 m, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,373 m61 % of runway.
81 % Runway alignment max 13.35 m5.18 m left to 8.17 m right 2.28 -8.11 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 0.97 g
Info Average speed 103 kt68 kt min to max 110 kt 110 68 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °1.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.6 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.8 0.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 107 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 29 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kt0 kt min to max 51 kt 51 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.7 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.8 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.00 g 0.95 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 6 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 110 kt with 5.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

210 kt14070020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.0° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 37 kt 1.7° 0 s
80 kt335 m 80 kt 2.3° 11.5 s
Liftoff665 m 110 kt 5.0° 18.2 s
35 ft980 m · 5.1 s after liftoff 124 kt 5.8° 23.3 s
End of Climb 33,776 m · 860 ft 203 kt 8.7° 54.8 s

Takeoff from KRTS 08

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll48.30
2,033m88 %
Liftoff speed31.29
110kt
Runway alignment79.88
8.57m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
546fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 860 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft 56 m past the runway end; then climbing at 1,410 fpm on average to 860 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 110 ktSCALE CHANGES2.9 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,312 m runway.

Rolled from 1,388 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.4 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.8 m left. Airborne 89 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 8.43 m LROLL 1,388 M INAirborne 2,053 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,053 m of 2,312 m · 89 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,388 mTakeoff roll, 665 m Left ahead, 259 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with five checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Five checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

At the 1,000 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3°.

At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3°.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: high all the way, right of the centreline until 0.2 nm, sinking too fast from 3.0 nm and fast from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KRTS 08

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 4 nm to the threshold (up to 1,840 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND3,1591,8681,0606041,000 ft gate2 of 4sink rateon glideslope500 ft gate2 of 4sink rateon glideslope1,497 ft · 133 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.9 nm, then drifted 30 m right between 0.9 and 0.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR152 m L0152 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND11 m L56 m R30 m R24 m R45 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +22 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 115+40 kt+21 kt+22 kt+25 kt+18 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KRTS 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
137ft
Threshold speed25.34
134kttarget 115, 19 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.06m R

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
922m
Centreline100.00
2.15m L
Speed100.00
105kttarget 112 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
20fpm
Impact100.00
1.19G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare0.00

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

5 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 106 kt. Touched down with the nose 4° into wind, 3° of bank.

Wind 130° at 9 kt · 8 kt head · 5 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 112 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.31 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 521 m30 kt · 580 mtouchdown603 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 137 ft, 87 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 922 m in, 617 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

137 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 20 fpm · 4.4° nose up · 106 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 137 ft, down at 922 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 4,200 fpm at 105 ft to 20 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 8.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−2,250−4,500−5°2°10°touchdown20 fpm at touchdown4.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,240 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.1 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 5.2 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 922 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 922 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.19 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,346 m of 2,240 m · 60 %
In the air over the runway, 922 mRollout, 424 m Left over, 895 m
Rollout distance100.00
424m60 % used
Rollout alignment81.34
8.17m R

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The flight began with a brief taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. After that, the aircraft, a PC-21, took off from runway 08 at the Reno/Stead airport. The departure roll started with a moderate wind, where the temperature was 27 °C and the wind speed was 14 kt coming from a direction of 80°. The crosswind was 4 kt, while the headwind component was 13 kt.

Upon liftoff, the aircraft quickly gained speed and reached 110 kt, exceeding the takeoff speed requirement. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, ascending from 5,960 feet above mean sea level (asl) to 9,564 ft asl. During this 2-minute climb, the aircraft covered a distance of 6 nautical miles, showing an impressive rate of climb of 3604 ft in a short time. The climb started 1 mile north of Lemmon Valley, Nevada.

As the aircraft continued on its journey, the enroute descent started 3 miles south of Cold Springs, Nevada. In a span of 2 minutes, the aircraft descended from 9,717 ft asl to 7,656 ft asl, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. This steady descent demonstrated the aircraft's ability to maintain control and navigate through the air with precision.

For the final approach to runway 08 at the Reno/Stead airport, the aircraft came from the west at a heading of 96.0°, flying at an altitude of 2,334 feet above ground level (agl) and a distance of 3 nautical miles from the runway. The local weather conditions at this point were characterized by a temperature of 25 °C and a wind speed of 8 kt, blowing from a direction of 133°. The crosswind component was 5 kt, while the headwind component was 6 kt.

The landing on runway 08 at the Reno/Stead airport was notable for exceeding the target threshold height at an altitude of 137 ft agl. The threshold speed was also high at 134 kt, and the touchdown point was located 493 meters beyond the touchdown zone, indicating that the aircraft touched down somewhat too far down the runway. The touchdown speed was 106 kt, which is considered relatively fast, but the touchdown rate of 21 ft per minute was precise.

Upon landing, the runway rollout alignment was found to be 8.2 meters off the centerline, showing a slight misalignment. The total landing distance covered was 1,373 meters, accounting for 61% of the runway length. The overall flight distance was 14 nautical miles, and it took approximately 9 minutes to complete. The flight used a significant amount of fuel, approximately 28 kg, during this time.

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