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KGCN
Grand Canyon - Tusayan, United States
Runway 21
Elevation6,532 ft asl
Weight3,562 kg
Fuel341 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

86.24 %
KGCN
Grand Canyon - Tusayan, United States
Runway 21
Elevation6,532 ft asl
Weight3,435 kg
Fuel204 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross
12 Sep 2026 0:27 78 nm North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco 137 kg
Departure Score
92.20 %
Enroute Score
81.82 %
Arrival Score
84.69 %

What went well

Touchdown 373 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 3.38 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 100 %

What held you back

Arrival Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, peak taxi speed 50 kt at 3 %, −2.93 points
Enroute Climb — bank angle up to 109.2 ° at 0 %, g force -0.21 to 2.82 g at 89 %, −1.37 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 52.9 ° at 0 %, −1.35 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, −0.33 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 18°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Steepen the descent on final to bring the aircraft back down to the glideslope and cross the threshold at 50 ft.

What happened: The approach was flown off the glideslope, and crossing the threshold high like this usually carries the touchdown long.

Watch for: Watch the VASI or PAPI glideslope indication against the threshold crossing height of 50 ft.

See Arrival ApproachArrival Landing

The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 21 stages, 20 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 86.80Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 32 kt 0 20 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 14 ktmax 17 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-5.4 ° min to max -1.4 ° -1.7 -1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 6 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 95.00Departure roll runway 21 at KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport. Takeoff distance 622 m 23 % of runway. Rotation speed was 89 kt. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 622 m23 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 89 ktTarget 91 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.57 m left5.57 m left to 2.02 m right 5.57 -2.02 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-2.5 ° min to max 6.9 ° -1.8 6.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 99.48Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 96 kt94 kt min to max 98 kt 94 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.2 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.7 °
95 % Average g force 1.20 g0.94 g min to max 1.51 g 1.08 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 876 fpm372 fpm min to max 1,233 fpm 372 1,233 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 0 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.9 °7.9 ° min to max 14.7 ° 7.9 12.3 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 13 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 36 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 36 ft agl · 109 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 109 kt98 kt min to max 150 kt 98 150 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 1.7 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.77 g min to max 1.13 g 0.93 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,146 fpm449 fpm min to max 1,514 fpm 1,248 989 fpm
Info Average altitude 109 ft agl27 ft agl min to max 331 ft agl 27 331 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °4.7 ° min to max 13.6 ° 12.2 4.7 °
Departure Climb 3 79.72Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 21 KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 159 kt153 kt min to max 163 ktTarget 161 kt, 2 kt slow 153 163 kt
0 % Average bank angle 17.8 °1.2 ° min to max 52.9 ° 1.2 52.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.14 g0.95 g min to max 1.32 g 0.95 1.31 g
100 % Landing gear up at 10 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.2 0.4 °
Info Average VSI 1,395 fpm1,002 fpm min to max 2,102 fpm 1,012 2,094 fpm
Info Average altitude 414 ft agl347 ft agl min to max 512 ft agl 347 512 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °4.6 ° min to max 9.3 ° 4.6 8.7 °
Enroute Climb 85.81Enroute climb started overhead KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport Grand Canyon - Tusayan (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 7,149 ft asl to 7,940 ft asl, an increase of 790 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 173 kt164 kt min to max 186 kt 164 186 kt
68 % Average bank angle 31.1 °0.3 ° min to max 55.9 ° 55.9 1.2 °
85 % Average g force 1.22 g0.77 g min to max 1.80 g 1.41 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 1,907 fpm188 fpm min to max 2,988 fpm 1,899 188 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,603 ft asl7,149 ft asl min to max 7,940 ft asl 7,149 7,940 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °0.4 ° min to max 10.6 ° 7.6 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport Grand Canyon - Tusayan (Arizona, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±897 ft of 7,929 ft asl7,533 ft asl min to max 8,076 ft asl 7,942 7,533 ft asl
100 % Average speed 197 kt151 kt min to max 216 kt 188 151 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.1 ° min to max 14.3 ° 1.2 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.72 g min to max 1.13 g 1.06 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-2.8 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.9 -2.8 °
Enroute Descent 99.85Enroute descent started 3 miles west of Grand Canyon Village (Arizona, United States). Descent from 7,511 ft asl to 3,699 ft asl, a decrease of 3,812 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 155 kt141 kt min to max 166 kt 150 141 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.1 °1.0 ° min to max 30.4 ° 3.7 11.7 °
99 % Average g force 1.04 g0.22 g min to max 1.44 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -2,472 fpm-4,017 fpm min to max -441 fpm -1,349 -441 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,489 ft asl3,699 ft asl min to max 7,511 ft asl 7,511 3,699 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.3 °-11.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° -3.0 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north west of Grand Canyon Village (Arizona, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±685 ft of 3,714 ft asl3,367 ft asl min to max 3,816 ft asl 3,692 3,367 ft asl
100 % Average speed 132 kt125 kt min to max 149 kt 141 149 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.5 °0.4 ° min to max 31.5 ° 11.6 3.4 °
99.97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.71 g min to max 1.32 g 0.91 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-5.3 ° min to max 5.5 ° -0.3 -5.3 °
Enroute Climb 2 58.90Enroute climb started 2 miles north east of Grand Canyon (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 3,333 ft asl to 8,431 ft asl, an increase of 5,098 ft in 5 minutes and covering 13 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 153 kt130 kt min to max 199 kt 151 199 kt
0 % Average bank angle 11.9 °0.0 ° min to max 109.2 ° 3.0 40.8 °
89 % Average g force 1.08 g-0.21 g min to max 2.82 g 1.00 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 1,123 fpm-10,023 fpm min to max 6,278 fpm -2,009 -10,023 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,410 ft asl2,795 ft asl min to max 8,896 ft asl 3,333 8,431 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °-27.9 ° min to max 26.9 ° -5.7 -27.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 360 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 311 ft agl · 146 kt
Enroute Descent 2 66.61Enroute descent started 9 miles south east of KGRM Devil's Track Airport Grand Marias (Arizona, United States). Descent from 8,258 ft asl to 3,593 ft asl, a decrease of 4,664 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 234 kt208 kt min to max 243 kt 208 229 kt
23 % Average bank angle 32.1 °0.0 ° min to max 78.4 ° 37.6 3.6 °
73 % Average g force 1.39 g0.70 g min to max 2.51 g 1.39 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -3,122 fpm-10,913 fpm min to max 150 fpm -10,784 -1,306 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,177 ft asl3,593 ft asl min to max 8,258 ft asl 8,258 3,593 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.0 °-25.3 ° min to max 1.1 ° -25.3 -3.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 72.85Enroute level cruise started 13 miles south east of KGRM Devil's Track Airport Grand Marias (Arizona, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±679 ft of 3,369 ft asl3,014 ft asl min to max 3,754 ft asl 3,572 3,131 ft asl
100 % Average speed 224 kt210 kt min to max 240 kt 229 229 kt
35 % Average bank angle 19.2 °0.1 ° min to max 72.6 ° 9.6 22.1 °
89 % Average g force 1.15 g-0.09 g min to max 2.58 g 1.30 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-17.6 ° min to max 7.2 ° -2.0 -1.1 °
Enroute Climb 3 77.42Enroute climb started 16 miles east of Grand Canyon (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 3,124 ft asl to 8,837 ft asl, an increase of 5,712 ft in 5 minutes and covering 18 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 211 kt169 kt min to max 230 kt 230 170 kt
45 % Average bank angle 14.9 °0.0 ° min to max 67.6 ° 22.8 29.7 °
95 % Average g force 1.12 g0.48 g min to max 3.26 g 0.99 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 1,316 fpm-1,291 fpm min to max 5,599 fpm -469 2,763 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,025 ft asl3,089 ft asl min to max 8,837 ft asl 3,124 8,837 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °-4.1 ° min to max 15.8 ° -1.5 6.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 4 68.28Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Grand Canyon (Arizona, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±944 ft of 8,868 ft asl8,494 ft asl min to max 9,317 ft asl 8,879 8,494 ft asl
100 % Average speed 173 kt147 kt min to max 209 kt 171 148 kt
27 % Average bank angle 21.1 °0.1 ° min to max 76.7 ° 31.2 2.2 °
76 % Average g force 1.31 g0.43 g min to max 3.06 g 0.85 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-12.3 ° min to max 13.1 ° 5.3 -0.5 °
Enroute Descent 3 88.45Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Grand Canyon Village (Arizona, United States). Descent from 8,480 ft asl to 7,040 ft asl, a decrease of 1,440 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 116 kt90 kt min to max 148 kt 148 90 kt
72 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.1 ° min to max 54.2 ° 2.1 5.5 °
98 % Average g force 1.07 g0.79 g min to max 1.66 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -799 fpm-1,794 fpm min to max 833 fpm -768 -683 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,772 ft asl7,040 ft asl min to max 8,480 ft asl 8,480 7,040 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-4.2 ° min to max 11.3 ° -0.4 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,651 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 545 ft agl · 115 kt
Arrival Approach 80.00Final approach to runway 21 at KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport. Descent from 717 ft agl to 162 ft agl in 48 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
0 % On glideslopefailed
100 % On speedpassed

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 545 ft agl · 115 kt
Arrival Landing 91.62Landing on runway 21 at KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport, runway length 2,745 m. Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was a little below target at 84 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 84 kt. Target 94 kt
79 % Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 3.97 m left3.97 m left to 3.29 m right 3.97 -3.29 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.0 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.93 g min to max 1.17 g 0.94 0.93 g
Info Average speed 85 kt83 kt min to max 86 kt 84 83 kt
Info Average VSI -661 fpm-1,042 fpm min to max -184 fpm -872 -228 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl-20 ft agl min to max 64 ft agl 64 -20 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.5 4.3 °
07515022530037545001326395264Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.81Touchdown distance was good at 372 m. Touchdown speed at 83 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -259 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Touchdown rate was -259 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 373 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 83 ktTarget below 91 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.46 m right3.41 m right -3.29 -3.38 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 0.2 °
95 % Average g force 1.04 g0.92 g min to max 1.33 g 0.93 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 82 kt82 kt min to max 83 kt 83 82 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °4.2 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.3 4.3 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 608 m, 22 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 608 m22 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.05 m right0.00 m left to 4.05 m right -4.05 -1.92 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 0.95 g
Info Average speed 85 kt52 kt min to max 91 kt 91 52 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-4.7 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.3 -4.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 43 kt 43 5 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-4.7 ° min to max -0.8 ° -4.6 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 0.96 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 56.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
3 % Average speed 22 kt1 kt min to max 50 kt 5 3 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 18 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-3.4 ° min to max -0.5 ° -1.0 -2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.4 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights

4 landings

Every landing in this flight

The flight is kept as it was recorded: it ends when the engine is shut down, so a landing with the rotors turning is a stop along the way, not a new flight.

# Where Into flight Touchdown Ground speed Sideways On the ground
1 KSGU · St George Regional Airport 22:36 42 ft/min 0.0 kt 0.0 kt 0:16
2 KSGU · St George Regional Airport 29:00 37 ft/min 3.9 kt 2.8 kt 0:07
3 KSGU · St George Regional Airport 29:24 67 ft/min 0.0 kt 0.0 kt 0:52
4 1L8 · General Dick Stout Field 48:56 24 ft/min 0.0 kt 0.0 kt End of flight

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 89 kt, on the 91 kt target, and lifted off at 93 kt 1.4 s later, the nose coming up at 6.6° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 161 kt target, at 159 kt on average.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 161180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 916.9° off · 6.6°/s12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 21 kt -1.8° 0 s
Rotate506 m · target 91 89 kt -2.1° 16.2 s
Liftoff578 m · +4 kt from rotation 93 kt 6.9° 17.6 s
Gear up678 m · 10 ft · full marks to 400 ft 96 kt 13.5° 19.4 s
35 ft744 m · 3.0 s after liftoff 98 kt 11.8° 20.5 s
Climb 32,223 m · 347 ft to 512 ft · target 161 159 kt avg 4.6° 41.9 s
End of Climb 32,860 m · 512 ft 163 kt 8.7° 48.4 s

Takeoff from KGCN 21

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
622m23 %
Rotation speed100.00
89kttarget 91, 2 slow
Liftoff speed
93kt
Runway alignment100.00
5.57m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
10ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
159kttarget 161
Rate of climb99.48
876fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 512 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,957 m of runway left; gear up at 10 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,000 fpm on average to 512 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3159 kt avgtarget 161THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 89 kttarget 91Liftoff 93 ktGear up 10 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,745 m runway.

Rolled from 44 m in, drifted 12 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 22 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 12.41 m LROLL 44 M INAirborne 622 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 622 m of 2,745 m · 23 %
Behind the start of the roll, 44 mTakeoff roll, 578 m Left ahead, 2,123 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Five checks, one gate300 ft 80.004 of 5
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate710 fpm
On glideslope4.3°
On speed+3.6 kt

At the 300 ft gate: glideslope more than 1° off the runway's 3°.

Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: no landing flap until 1.1 nm, banked until 0.9 nm, high until 0.3 nm, left of the centreline from 0.8 nm and slow from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KGCN 21

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

High from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm (up to 150 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND639309300 ft gate4 of 5on glideslope480 ft · 98 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 316 m right of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then inside it from 1.1 to 0.8 nm, then 33 m left of it from 0.8 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND316 m R32 m L20 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 24 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 14 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −14 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 94+8 kt−14 kt−10 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KGCN 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height79.11
64ft
Threshold speed87.38
83kttarget 94, 11 slow
Centreline offset100.00
3.97m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
373m
Centreline100.00
3.46m R
Speed100.00
83kttarget 91 or less
Touchdown rate80.20
-259fpm
Impact95.43
1.33G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 1 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 93 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.40 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 235 m30 kt · 305 mtouchdown317 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 64 ft, 14 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 30 ft. Touched down 373 m in, 68 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

64 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 30 ft · −855 fpm · 1.5° · 85 ktdescent slowed at 6 ft · −89 fpm · 5.6°−258 fpm · 4.3° nose up · 83 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 64 ft, down at 373 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 860 fpm at the flare to 260 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−258 fpm at touchdown4.3° at touchdown, +2.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,745 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.4 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.7 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 373 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 373 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 558 m of 2,745 m · 20 %
In the air over the runway, 373 mRollout, 186 m Left over, 2,187 m
Rollout distance100.00
186m20 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.05m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The OV-10 Bronco taxied from the parking area to runway 21 at KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport in 4 minutes, covering approximately 1 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 21, the aircraft used 622 m of runway, representing 23 % of the available length, and lifted off at 93 kt; ambient temperature was 16 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, a 2 kt cross-wind component and a 1 kt head-wind component.

The initial climb began overhead KGCN, climbing from 7,149 ft asl to 7,940 ft asl, an increase of 790 ft in less than 1 minute while covering 1 nm.

A level cruise segment started 1 mile west of KGCN, lasted 2 minutes and spanned 6 nm.

The first descent commenced 3 miles west of Grand Canyon Village, descending from 7,511 ft asl to 3,699 ft asl, a loss of 3,812 ft in 2 minutes over 4 nm.

A subsequent cruise phase originated 3 miles northwest of Grand Canyon Village, persisted for 2 minutes and covered 4 nm.

The next climb started 2 miles northeast of Grand Canyon, climbing from 3,333 ft asl to 8,431 ft asl, an increase of 5,098 ft in 5 minutes while traveling 13 nm.

A following descent began 9 miles southeast of KGRM Devil’s Track Airport, descending from 8,258 ft asl to 3,593 ft asl, a decrease of 4,664 ft in 2 minutes across 6 nm.

A cruise segment then started 13 miles southeast of KGRM, lasted 3 minutes and covered 12 nm.

The next climb originated 16 miles east of Grand Canyon, climbing from 3,124 ft asl to 8,837 ft asl, an increase of 5,712 ft in 5 minutes over 18 nm.

A further cruise began 3 miles east of Grand Canyon, lasted 2 minutes and spanned 5 nm.

The third descent started 1 mile southeast of Grand Canyon Village, descending from 8,480 ft asl to 7,040 ft asl, a loss of 1,440 ft in 2 minutes while covering 4 nm.

Final approach to runway 21 at KGCN was executed from the north-east on a heading of 222.0°, entering the approach at 1 nm and 497 ft agl; the aircraft then descended from 717 ft agl to 161 ft agl in 48 seconds and met the stabilisation gate criteria.

Landing on runway 21, whose total length is 2,743 m, the aircraft touched down 366 m from the threshold at 83 kt with a vertical speed of minus 228 fpm; the touchdown point was 4.9 m off centreline, the threshold height of 62 ft agl was above target and the threshold speed of 84 kt was slightly below target. Local weather at landing was 15 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, a 2 kt cross-wind and a 1 kt head-wind component.

Runway rollout alignment was reported as very good, and the total landing distance recorded was 602 m, representing 22 % of the runway.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 78 nm, lasted 27 minutes, and consumed 137 kg of fuel.

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