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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on the approach so speed is back to 122 kt by the stabilisation gate, not carried into the flare.
What happened: The approach was still fast at the stabilisation gate, crossing the threshold at 98 kt against a VREF of 122 kt, and the flare then held the aircraft off high, arresting the sink early at 15 ft instead of letting it continue down. Carrying excess speed into the flare usually carries the touchdown into a high hold-off rather than a timely let-down.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 122 kt at the stabilisation gate and through to the threshold.
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 134 kt with 7.0° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 180 kt, 11 kt over its 169 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 908 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,038 ft of runway left; gear up at 7 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,900 fpm on average to 908 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 5,666 ft runway.
Rolled from 199 ft in, never more than 4 ft off the centreline. Airborne 44 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 31 kt above the approach speed of 122 kt.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 2.7 to 1.1 nm, then not again: slow from 1.1 nm and low from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 60 ft under).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 15× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 80 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 2.7 nm (up to +71 kt), then inside the band to 1.1 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −24 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare took the sink out 15 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft flew down from there. Touchdown was 274 ft past the threshold. Let it come lower before checking the descent - holding off high uses runway and leaves the touchdown to chance.
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 269° at 3 kt · 2 kt head · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Began the flare at 34 ft, 792 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 10 ft, 40 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 274 ft in, 726 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 660 fpm at the flare to 400 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 8,247 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 16 ft left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 274 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 405 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to the departure runway in 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nm before line-up.
The aircraft departed runway 27R at KPTK Oakland County International Airport, using a takeoff roll of 2,482 ft (44 % of the runway) and achieving liftoff at 134 kt. Ambient conditions were 62 °F with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, providing a 2 kt headwind and no crosswind.
Climb commenced over the 41D VOR in Michigan, ascending from 1,931 ft asl to 35,010 ft asl-a gain of 33,079 ft-in 14 minutes while covering 87 nm.
Cruise began 2 mi north-east of the C67 waypoint near Lake Pleasant, Angola, Indiana, and was maintained for 49 minutes, during which 428 nm were flown.
Descent was initiated 12 mi south-east of Alton, Missouri, with the aircraft descending from 34,996 ft asl to 1,558 ft asl, a loss of 33,438 ft in 20 minutes and traversing 120 nm.
The final approach to runway 22L at KLIT Bill & Hillary Clinton National Airport/Adams Field was flown from the north-east on a heading of 226.0° at 4 nm and 1,279 ft agl.
Landing on runway 22L was executed with a threshold speed of 98 kt, touchdown occurring at 269 ft down the runway and at 97 kt. The aircraft touched down with a firm rate of minus 319 fpm and was offset by 13 ft from the centreline. Local weather reported 61 °F, wind 3 kt from 269°, a 2 kt headwind and a 2 kt crosswind. Total landing distance measured 1,741 ft, representing 21 % of the runway length.
Runway rollout alignment was recorded as very good, completing the landing phase without deviation.
In total, the flight covered 641 nm, required 89 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 294 lbs of fuel.
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