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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Avoid steep turns at low altitude
Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 22 stages, 20 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 93 kt with 5.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 615 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,016 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,070 fpm on average to 615 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,005 m runway.
Rolled from 181 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.3 m left. Airborne 25 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 190 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 588 m left of the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +11 kt and +61 kt on the approach speed of 84 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 250° at 4 kt · 3 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 80 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 488 m in, 183 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 530 fpm at 32 ft to 10 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,237 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.8 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 488 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a short taxiing period from the parking to the runway, taking approximately 1 minute and covering less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Cessna 414A, then departed from runway 28R at EKSP Skrydstrup Air Base. The takeoff distance was 603 meters, which accounted for 20% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 94 knots, and the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 15°C, a wind speed of 10 knots at 261°, with a crosswind of 4 knots and a headwind of 9 knots.
As the aircraft climbed to a higher altitude, it began its enroute climb from 780 feet above sea level to 23,985 feet above sea level, an increase of 23,205 feet in 19 minutes, covering a distance of 44 nautical miles. The climb started overhead EKSP Skrydstrup Air Base Vojens, located in Region Syddanmark, Denmark. Following the climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, which lasted for 100 minutes and covered a distance of 377 nautical miles. This phase began 2 miles south-east of EKGI Ejstrupholm Give, located in Region Midtjylland, Denmark.
The aircraft then began its enroute descent from 23,893 feet above sea level to 5,889 feet above sea level, a decrease of 18,004 feet in 12 minutes, covering a distance of 46 nautical miles. This descent started 10 miles south-east of Stranda, located in More og Romsdal fylke, Norway. The aircraft then entered another level cruise phase, which lasted for 2 minutes and covered a distance of 5 nautical miles. This phase began 2 miles north-west of Eidsvag, also located in More og Romsdal fylke, Norway.
The aircraft then began its final descent from 5,889 feet above sea level to 4,402 feet above sea level, a decrease of 1,487 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 5 nautical miles. This descent started 2 miles south-west of Tingvoll, located in More og Romsdal fylke, Norway. The aircraft then entered another level cruise phase, which lasted for 3 minutes and covered a distance of 9 nautical miles. This phase began 4 miles north-east of Tingvoll.
The aircraft then began its final descent from 4,280 feet above sea level to 1,642 feet above sea level, a decrease of 2,638 feet in 4 minutes, covering a distance of 10 nautical miles. This descent started 9 miles south-west of Aure, also located in More og Romsdal fylke, Norway. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 25 at ENKB Kristiansund Airport, Kvernberget, from the east, heading 256.0° at 4 nautical miles and 1,448 feet above ground level.
The landing on runway 25 was successful, with a touchdown point 53 meters beyond the touchdown zone. The touchdown speed was a little fast at 84 knots, but the touchdown rate was perfect at -9 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was also perfect. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 7°C, a wind speed of 4 knots at 250°, with a crosswind of 0 knots and a headwind of 3 knots.
The total landing distance was 973 meters, which accounted for 43% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also perfect. The taxiing period from the runway to the parking took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 503 nautical miles, taking
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