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MY FS FLIGHTS
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Keep the approach speed on target
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Add power on short final to hold speed at 120 kt, correcting the slow threshold speed before it carries through to the flare.
What happened: Threshold speed was slow at 108 kt against 120 kt, and touchdown followed short of the aim point at 50 ft. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries the touchdown short.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 120 kt on short final.
Departure
Rotate the moment the speed tape reaches 125 kt, not after it.
What happened: Rotation was held until 146 kt, 21 kt past the 125 kt rotation target. Carrying that much extra speed into rotation usually adds unwanted energy right at liftoff.
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
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The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: speed 31 kt FAST on the reference speed of 120 kt.
The approach, gate by gate
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 6,477 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 50 ft short of the threshold. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 18R at KTUL Tulsa International Airport in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 18R, using 2,776 ft of runway, which represented 50 % of the available length, and lifted off at 146 kt. Ambient conditions were 63 °F with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, a 2 kt cross-wind component and no head-wind.
Climb began 2 mi south of KTUL, with the airplane ascending from 1,670 ft asl to 24,231 ft asl, a gain of 22,561 ft achieved in 9 minutes while covering 49 nm.
The first cruise segment started 1 mi south-east of H04 Vinita Mun, Oklahoma, and continued for 45 minutes, during which 374 nm were flown.
Descent was initiated 1 mi north-west of Roanoke, Illinois, with the aircraft descending from 24,555 ft asl to 2,487 ft asl, a loss of 22,067 ft in 13 minutes over a distance of 72 nm.
A second cruise phase began 1 mi south of LL10 Naper Aero Club Airport, Naperville, Illinois, lasting 4 minutes and covering 11 nm.
The final approach to runway 27 at KARR Aurora Municipal Airport was flown from the east, on a heading of 269.0° at 4 nm and 1,258 ft agl.
Landing on runway 27 was executed with a threshold speed of 108 kt (slightly below target). Touchdown occurred 868 ft down the runway at 103 kt, with a firm touchdown rate of minus 377 fpm and very good alignment. The total landing distance was 3,108 ft, representing 48 % of the runway length.
Rollout continued after touchdown, with the aircraft aligning slightly off centreline by 34 ft before exiting the runway.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm. The flight covered a total of 513 nm, took 77 minutes, and used 0 lbs of fuel.
The final approach to runway 27 at KARR Aurora Municipal Airport was flown from the east on a heading of 269.0° at 4 nm and 1,258 ft agl. The approach was assessed as stabilised at the 1,000 ft gate, with gear, flaps, sink rate, glideslope and centreline all within limits.
At threshold the aircraft established a speed of 108 kt, noted as slightly below target, and the threshold height was good. The aircraft touched down 868 ft from the runway threshold with a touchdown speed of 103 kt, both described as good.
Touchdown occurred with a firm vertical rate of minus 377 fpm and the runway touchdown alignment was very good.
The total landing distance was 3,108 ft, representing 48 % of the 6,477-ft runway, and the rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 34 ft from the centreline.
Maintain the target touchdown speed and refine flare technique to reduce the firm vertical rate, and focus on keeping the aircraft centred during rollout to eliminate the small lateral deviation.
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