WSSS to WBSB Flight Report - Cessna 414A

Flight from WSSS to WBSB

Saturday, 17 February 2024 05:10

Minutes 254

740 nm

Fuel 393 kg

Cessna 414A

Departure

Runway 02L at WSSS

Changi

Singapore, South West, Singapore

Altitude

13 ft asl

Weight

2,951 kg

Fuel

553 kg

Temperature

29 °C

Wind Speed

14 kt

Wind Direction

360.0 °

Headwind

13 kt

Crosswind

5 kt

Arrival

Runway 03 at WBSB

Brunei Intl

Bandar Seri Begawan Daerah Brunei dan Muara, Brunei

46 ft asl

Altitude

2,557 kg

Weight

160 kg

Fuel

27 °C

Temperature

3 kt

Wind Speed

13.5 °

Wind Direction

3 kt

Headwind

0 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 94.99%

Departure Score 92.54%

Enroute Score 99.88%

Arrival Score 91.70%

Vertical profile — planned vs actual

Landing

75.11 %

Touchdown

97.68 %

Approach & flare

Threshold height

54.76 %

Threshold height at 75 ft agl was well above target.

Threshold speed

96.25 %

Threshold speed was a little below target at 88 kt.

Flare

49.66 %

Very poor landing flare

Touchdown

Sink rate

98.29 %

Touchdown rate was excellent at -67 ft/m.

Impact

100 %

Speed

100 %

Touchdown speed at 75 kt was good.

Aim point

91.03 %

Touchdown point was 105 m beyond the touchdown zone.

Centreline

96.63 %

Runway touchdown alignment was very good.

Bounce

100 %

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages WSSS to WBSB

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Departure Taxi

76.13 %

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 27 minutes and covered 4 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
65.33 %	Average speed 9 kn 0 kn min to max 30 kn	0		30 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 9 kn max 13 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		0.99 g
0 %	Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info	Average pitch angle 3.3 ° 2.2 ° min to max 3.6 °	3.5		3.4 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.1		0.2 °
Info	Battery Master On at 05:10:47
Info	Engine 2 Started at 05:10:47
Info	Beacon Lights Switched On at 05:10:47
Info	Landing Gear Down at 05:10:47
Info	Parking Brake On at 05:10:47
Info	Engine 1 Started at 05:10:51
Info	Pitot Heat Switched On at 05:10:58
Info	Parking Brake Off at 05:11:01
Info	Parking Brake On at 05:11:02
Info	Parking Brake Off at 05:31:02
Info	Parking Brake On at 05:34:38
Info	Strobe Lights Switched On at 05:35:00
Info	Navigation Lights Switched On at 05:35:01
Info	Autopilot Master Switched On at 05:36:24
Info	Autopilot Flight Director Activated at 05:36:24
Info	Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated at 05:36:24
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Activated at 05:36:26
Info	Autopilot Master Switched Off at 05:36:28
Info	Parking Brake Off at 05:37:11
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 05:37:16
Info	Taxi Light OFF should be ON at 05:33:34

Departure Roll

89.53 %

Departure roll runway 02L at WSSS Changi. Takeoff distance 7,445 m 227 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 92 kn. Local weather - Temperature 30 °C. Wind 14 kn at 360 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 13 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
0 %	Takeoff distance 7,445 m 227 % of runway
100 %	Liftoff speed was 92 kn Target 100 kn
97.64 %	Runway alignment max 3.87 m 1.66 m left to 2.21 m right	1.64		-2.21 m
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.97 g min to max 1.02 g	1.00		1.02 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle 3.3 ° 2.9 ° min to max 5.5 °	3.4		5.5 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.2		0.1 °
Info	Landing Lights OFF should be ON at 05:37:35

Departure Climb 1

100 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 02L WSSS Changi.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.3 ° 0.2 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.2		0.4 °
100 %	Average speed 95 kn 92 kn min to max 98 kn	92		97 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.1 ° min to max 1.2 °	0.1		1.2 °
100 %	Average g force 1.04 g 0.99 g min to max 1.13 g	1.03		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI 461 ft/m 293 ft/m min to max 604 ft/m	293		604 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 17 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl	0		43 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 7.9 ° 5.7 ° min to max 9.2 °	5.7		8.9 °
Info	Landing Gear Up at 05:37:58

Departure Climb 2

98.45 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 02L WSSS Changi.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.6 ° 0.4 ° min to max 1.2 °	0.4		1.1 °
100 %	Average speed 101 kn 97 kn min to max 121 kn	97		121 kn
93.82 %	Average bank angle 1.6 ° 0.2 ° min to max 4.4 °	1.3		4.4 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.82 g min to max 1.15 g	0.99		1.02 g
Info	Average VSI 753 ft/m 357 ft/m min to max 1,598 ft/m	606		1,224 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 101 ft agl 44 ft agl min to max 377 ft agl	44		377 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 9.2 ° 5.0 ° min to max 10.6 °	8.9		7.6 °
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 05:38:01
Info	Autopilot Master Switched On at 05:38:06

Departure Climb 3

98.57 %

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 02L WSSS Changi.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.7 ° 0.4 ° min to max 1.1 °	1.1		0.4 °
100 %	Average speed 124 kn 122 kn min to max 125 kn	122		125 kn
92.87 %	Average bank angle 1.5 ° 0.3 ° min to max 4.7 °	4.7		1.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.94 g min to max 1.09 g	1.06		1.03 g
100 %	Landing gear up
Info	Average VSI 1,785 ft/m 1,273 ft/m min to max 2,044 ft/m	1,273		2,044 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 673 ft agl 398 ft agl min to max 950 ft agl	398		950 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 9.4 ° 8.2 ° min to max 10.1 °	8.2		10.1 °

Enroute Climb

100 %

Enroute climb started 1 mile north of WSSS Changi Singapore (South West, Singapore). Climbing from 1,050 ft asl to 17,690 ft asl, an increase of 16,640 ft in 13 minutes and covering 18 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 126 kn 123 kn min to max 130 kn	127		130 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 6.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 20.8 °	2.8		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.89 g min to max 1.11 g	1.02		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI 1,352 ft/m 175 ft/m min to max 3,018 ft/m	2,173		175 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 8,444 ft asl 1,050 ft asl min to max 17,690 ft asl	1,050		17,690 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 8.0 ° 3.7 ° min to max 11.0 °	10.6		3.7 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 05:39:06
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated at 05:39:06
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 05:51:32

Enroute Level

100 %

Enroute level cruise started 7 miles north east of WIDD Hang Nadim Batam (Provinsi Riau, Indonesia) and lasted 36 minutes, covering 97 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 17,738 ft asl 17,709 ft asl min to max 17,745 ft asl	17,709		17,745 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 154 kn 138 kn min to max 162 kn	138		162 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 3.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 30.5 °	0.4		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.95 g min to max 1.18 g	0.99		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 1.8 ° 1.3 ° min to max 2.9 °	2.9		1.5 °
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 06:27:50
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 06:27:50

Enroute Climb 2

100 %

Enroute climb started Latitude: 0.5458922 Longitude: 105.717041. Climbing from 17,744 ft asl to 21,812 ft asl, an increase of 4,068 ft in 4 minutes and covering 12 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 132 kn 124 kn min to max 161 kn	161		130 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.1		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.83 g min to max 1.06 g	1.02		1.02 g
Info	Average VSI 1,003 ft/m -18 ft/m min to max 1,783 ft/m	-18		879 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 19,909 ft asl 17,744 ft asl min to max 21,812 ft asl	17,744		21,812 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 5.9 ° 1.5 ° min to max 8.3 °	1.5		5.8 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 06:28:26
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 06:31:58

Enroute Level 2

99.83 %

Enroute level cruise started Latitude: 0.6199461 Longitude: 105.9102096 and lasted 6 minutes, covering 19 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 22,012 ft asl 21,958 ft asl min to max 22,018 ft asl	21,958		22,018 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 145 kn 130 kn min to max 154 kn	130		140 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.3		0.1 °
98.29 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.72 g min to max 1.07 g	0.72		0.98 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 2.2 ° 1.7 ° min to max 3.0 °	2.5		2.2 °

Enroute Climb 3

100 %

Enroute climb started Latitude: 0.7385017 Longitude: 106.2202229. Climbing from 22,018 ft asl to 23,738 ft asl, an increase of 1,720 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 133 kn 128 kn min to max 143 kn	139		129 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.2		0.2 °
100 %	Average g force 0.98 g 0.77 g min to max 1.12 g	1.01		0.97 g
Info	Average VSI 743 ft/m -195 ft/m min to max 1,406 ft/m	-13		606 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 22,800 ft asl 22,010 ft asl min to max 23,738 ft asl	22,018		23,738 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 4.9 ° 0.3 ° min to max 7.1 °	2.5		4.6 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 06:38:05
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 06:38:05
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 06:38:50

Enroute Level 3

100 %

Enroute level cruise started Latitude: 0.7852826 Longitude: 106.3423455 and lasted 4 minutes, covering 13 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 23,948 ft asl 23,838 ft asl min to max 23,958 ft asl	23,838		23,958 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 135 kn 128 kn min to max 137 kn	128		137 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.4		0.3 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.84 g min to max 1.04 g	1.01		0.95 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 2.8 ° 2.3 ° min to max 5.2 °	5.2		2.4 °
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 06:40:24

Enroute Descent

100 %

Enroute descent started Latitude: 0.8663815 Longitude: 106.554563. Descent from 23,958 ft asl to 19,797 ft asl, a decrease of 4,161 ft in 4 minutes and covering 16 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 168 kn 137 kn min to max 178 kn	137		171 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.0		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 0.98 g 0.89 g min to max 1.03 g	0.97		0.98 g
Info	Average VSI -995 ft/m -1,356 ft/m min to max 19 ft/m	19		-122 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 21,792 ft asl 19,797 ft asl min to max 23,958 ft asl	23,958		19,797 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.1 ° -1.9 ° min to max 2.4 °	2.4		0.8 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 06:44:29
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 06:44:29
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 06:48:10
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 06:48:10

Enroute Level 4

100 %

Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north east of Tokong Kemudi (Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia) and lasted 111 minutes, covering 361 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 19,770 ft asl 19,755 ft asl min to max 19,781 ft asl	19,779		19,779 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 144 kn 142 kn min to max 167 kn	167		144 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 3.1 °	0.1		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.94 g min to max 1.06 g	1.00		0.99 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 2.1 ° 1.1 ° min to max 2.6 °	1.1		1.9 °

Enroute Descent 2

100 %

Enroute descent started 40 miles north of WBGK Mukah Mukah (Sarawak, Malaysia). Descent from 19,779 ft asl to 9,423 ft asl, a decrease of 10,356 ft in 13 minutes and covering 48 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 173 kn 144 kn min to max 180 kn	144		179 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.1 °	0.1		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.91 g min to max 1.03 g	0.97		0.91 g
Info	Average VSI -772 ft/m -809 ft/m min to max -6 ft/m	-11		-160 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 14,671 ft asl 9,423 ft asl min to max 19,779 ft asl	19,779		9,423 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.0 ° -1.4 ° min to max 2.1 °	1.8		0.0 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 08:39:58
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 08:39:58
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 08:52:50
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 08:52:50

Enroute Level 5

100 %

Enroute level cruise started Latitude: 3.9225369 Longitude: 112.9730982 and lasted 10 minutes, covering 30 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 9,371 ft asl 9,367 ft asl min to max 9,401 ft asl	9,401		9,368 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 159 kn 156 kn min to max 177 kn	175		177 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.1		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.02 g	0.99		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 1.3 ° 0.6 ° min to max 1.5 °	0.6		0.8 °

Enroute Descent 3

100 %

Enroute descent started 28 miles north west of Batu Niah (Sarawak, Malaysia). Descent from 9,367 ft asl to 7,590 ft asl, a decrease of 1,777 ft in 2 minutes and covering 9 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 195 kn 178 kn min to max 204 kn	178		203 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.1		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.02 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -720 ft/m -926 ft/m min to max 6 ft/m	6		-901 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 8,607 ft asl 7,590 ft asl min to max 9,367 ft asl	9,367		7,590 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.4 ° -2.0 ° min to max 0.8 °	0.8		-2.0 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 09:03:20
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 09:03:20

Enroute Level 6

100 %

Enroute level cruise started 25 miles west of WBGR Miri Miri (Sarawak, Malaysia) and lasted 21 minutes, covering 75 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 7,283 ft asl 7,270 ft asl min to max 7,439 ft asl	7,439		7,273 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 187 kn 164 kn min to max 203 kn	203		164 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 °	0.0		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.85 g min to max 1.04 g	1.00		1.01 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 0.4 ° -1.9 ° min to max 1.1 °	-1.9		1.1 °
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 09:05:35
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 09:05:35

Enroute Descent 4

98.69 %

Enroute descent started 3 miles south east of Tutong (Tutong, Brunei). Descent from 7,273 ft asl to 2,116 ft asl, a decrease of 5,157 ft in 5 minutes and covering 7 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 176 kn 157 kn min to max 186 kn	160		166 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 16.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 27.1 °	0.1		1.1 °
86.86 %	Average g force 1.06 g 0.79 g min to max 1.48 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -1,255 ft/m -2,533 ft/m min to max 6 ft/m	4		-130 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 3,682 ft asl 2,116 ft asl min to max 7,274 ft asl	7,273		2,116 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -3.0 ° -7.4 ° min to max 1.4 °	1.2		0.2 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 09:27:09
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 09:27:09
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 09:29:53
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 09:29:53
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 09:30:03
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 09:30:03
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 09:31:06
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 09:31:06
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:31:32

Enroute Level 7

99.66 %

Enroute level cruise started 10 miles south west of Bandar Seri Begawan (Daerah Brunei dan Muara, Brunei) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 6 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 2,090 ft asl 1,918 ft asl min to max 2,146 ft asl	2,099		1,918 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 135 kn 114 kn min to max 149 kn	147		149 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 6.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 11.9 °	0.0		2.2 °
96.57 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.70 g min to max 1.31 g	0.97		1.16 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 1.6 ° -2.3 ° min to max 3.5 °	0.2		-1.3 °
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 09:31:53
Info	Navigation Lights Switched Off at 09:31:54
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 09:36:46
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Activated at 09:36:46
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated at 09:37:31
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Activated at 09:37:32
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 09:38:47
Info	Autopilot Master Switched Off at 09:38:53
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated at 09:38:54
Info	Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated at 09:38:54
Info	Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated at 09:38:55
Info	Flaps Position 2 at 09:38:58

Enroute Descent 5

100 %

Enroute descent started 4 miles south west of Bandar Seri Begawan (Daerah Brunei dan Muara, Brunei). Descent from 1,912 ft asl to 1,913 ft asl, a decrease of 1 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 147 kn 145 kn min to max 149 kn	149		145 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 2.2 ° 2.1 ° min to max 2.3 °	2.1		2.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.12 g 1.04 g min to max 1.18 g	1.18		1.04 g
Info	Average VSI -242 ft/m -517 ft/m min to max 24 ft/m	-517		24 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,912 ft asl 1,910 ft asl min to max 1,913 ft asl	1,912		1,913 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.9 ° -0.2 ° min to max 1.5 °	-0.2		1.5 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Landing Gear Down at 09:39:01

Arrival

99.89 %

Arrival started 4 miles south west of Bandar Seri Begawan (Daerah Brunei dan Muara, Brunei).

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 122 kn 112 kn min to max 143 kn	143		112 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 1.5 ° 0.2 ° min to max 5.7 °	0.2		3.1 °
99.43 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.77 g min to max 1.26 g	0.92		1.15 g
Info	Average VSI -694 ft/m -1,145 ft/m min to max 94 ft/m	94		-514 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,677 ft asl 1,408 ft asl min to max 1,915 ft asl	1,915		1,408 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.6 ° -3.9 ° min to max 1.5 °	0.9		0.6 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Flaps Position 3 at 09:39:08

Arrival Final 4

92.42 %

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,362 ft agl to 1,075 ft agl. A decrease of 287 ft in 30 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
77.16 %	Approach angle 3.5 ° 3.3 ° min to max 3.6 ° Target 3.0 °	3.3		3.4 °
100 %	Average speed 103 kn 100 kn min to max 111 kn	111		102 kn
100 %	Heading variation 0.3 ° 0.2 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.2		0.5 °
96.35 %	Average bank angle 1.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 4.4 °	2.5		0.7 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.89 g min to max 1.12 g	1.12		0.97 g
Info	Average VSI -534 ft/m -1,066 ft/m min to max -80 ft/m	-285		-1,066 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,257 ft agl 1,075 ft agl min to max 1,363 ft agl	1,362		1,075 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.4 ° -3.2 ° min to max 2.3 °	2.3		-3.2 °

Arrival Final 3

99.47 %

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,056 ft agl to 708 ft agl. A decrease of 349 ft in 34 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 3.3 ° 3.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° Target 3.0 °	3.4		3.3 °
100 %	Average speed 99 kn 94 kn min to max 103 kn	102		94 kn
100 %	Heading variation 0.4 ° 0.3 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.5		0.3 °
97.35 %	Average bank angle 1.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 4.0 °	0.3		1.6 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.92 g min to max 1.08 g	1.04		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI -637 ft/m -1,107 ft/m min to max -357 ft/m	-1,107		-379 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 858 ft agl 708 ft agl min to max 1,056 ft agl	1,056		708 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.2 ° -2.5 ° min to max 2.1 °	-2.5		1.9 °

Arrival Final 2

99.57 %

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 690 ft agl to 338 ft agl. A decrease of 352 ft in 37 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 3.3 ° 3.3 ° min to max 3.4 ° Target 3.0 °	3.3		3.3 °
100 %	Average speed 94 kn 93 kn min to max 95 kn	94		95 kn
100 %	Heading variation 0.2 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.3		-0.0 °
97.86 %	Average bank angle 1.7 ° 0.1 ° min to max 3.8 °	0.9		3.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.93 g min to max 1.08 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -569 ft/m -694 ft/m min to max -434 ft/m	-543		-580 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 519 ft agl 338 ft agl min to max 690 ft agl	690		338 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.9 ° -0.2 ° min to max 1.5 °	0.8		0.5 °

Arrival Final 1

89.25 %

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 329 ft agl to 65 ft agl. A decrease of 264 ft in 32 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
46.28 %	Approach angle 4.0 ° 3.3 ° min to max 4.7 ° Target 3.0 °	3.3		4.7 °
100 %	Average speed 91 kn 88 kn min to max 95 kn	95		88 kn
100 %	Heading variation -0.0 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.0 °	-0.0		-0.0 °
99.98 %	Average bank angle 1.3 ° 0.1 ° min to max 3.1 °	2.5		1.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.94 g min to max 1.06 g	1.05		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -517 ft/m -626 ft/m min to max -382 ft/m	-559		-626 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 170 ft agl 65 ft agl min to max 329 ft agl	329		65 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.7 ° 0.9 ° min to max 2.4 °	1.3		1.4 °

Arrival Landing

75.11 %

Landing on runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl, runway length 3,666 m. Threshold height at 75 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was a little below target at 88 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
96.25 %	Threshold speed was a little below target at 88 kn. Target 100 kn
54.76 %	Target 50 ft agl
49.66 %	Landing and flare profile
100 %	Heading variation -0.0 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.0 °	-0.0		0.0 °
99.47 %	Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.2 °	0.9		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.97 g min to max 1.09 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average speed 84 kn 75 kn min to max 89 kn	88		75 kn
Info	Average VSI -398 ft/m -677 ft/m min to max -42 ft/m	-627		-66 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 21 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 75 ft agl	75		0 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 3.7 ° 0.9 ° min to max 6.3 °	1.3		6.2 °

Arrival Touchdown

97.68 %

Touchdown point was 105 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 75 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -66 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 3 kn at 13 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 3 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
98.29 %	Touchdown VSI was -66 ft/m.
91.03 %	Touchdown distance was 539 m Target 457 m
100 %	Speed at touchdown 75 kn Target 87 kn
96.63 %	Runway alignment max 2.50 m 2.11 m left	1.80		2.50 m
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.1		0.2 °
100 %	Average g force 1.06 g 0.99 g min to max 1.12 g	1.00		1.05 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 74 kn 74 kn min to max 75 kn	75		74 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 5.0 ° 3.7 ° min to max 6.2 °	6.2		3.7 °

Arrival Rollout

90.1 %

Total landing distance 1,089 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 7.9 m from centreline.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Landing distance 1,089 m 30 % of runway.
78 %	Runway alignment max 13.63 m 7.89 m left to 5.73 m right	2.61		-5.73 m
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.99 g min to max 1.04 g	1.04		1.00 g
Info	Average speed 66 kn 37 kn min to max 72 kn	72		37 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 3.6 ° 2.8 ° min to max 3.8 °	3.7		3.2 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.1		0.4 °
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:42:20
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:42:21

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 29 kn

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 29 kn 22 kn min to max 35 kn	35		22 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 2.9 ° 2.6 ° min to max 3.2 °	3.2		2.6 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.7 °	0.5		0.1 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		1.01 g

Arrival Taxi

90 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 9 kn 0 kn min to max 20 kn	20		0 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 7 kn max 17 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		0.99 g
Info	Average pitch angle 3.3 ° 1.9 ° min to max 3.6 °	3.0		3.2 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.1		0.2 °
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 09:42:54
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 09:42:55
Info	Parking Brake On at 09:45:48
Info	Pitot Heat Switched Off at 09:47:14
Info	Strobe Lights Switched Off at 09:47:21
Info	Landing Lights ON should be OFF at 09:43:15
Info	Taxi Light OFF should be ON at 09:43:49
Info	Engine 2 Stopped at 09:47:50
Info	Engine 1 Stopped at 09:47:51
Info	Taxi Lights Switched Off at 09:47:58
Info	Battery Master Off at 09:47:59

Takeoff on runway 02L at WSSS Changi in the Cessna 414A

92.54 %

76.13 %

Taxi

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 27 minutes and covered 4 nm.

Taxi Lights

0 %

Switched Off

Ground Speed kt

65.33 %

Turn Speed

100 %

Bank °

Info

Pitch °

Info

89.53 %

Takeoff Roll

Departure roll runway 02L at WSSS Changi. Takeoff distance 7,445 m 227 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 92 kn. Local weather - Temperature 30 °C. Wind 14 kn at 360 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 13 kn.

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 7,445 m using 227.45 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

100 %

Liftoff speed was 92 kn - Target 100 kn

Alignment

97.64 %

1.66 m left to 2.21 m right

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

100 %

Switched On

Landing Lights

0 %

Switched Off

100 %

IAS kt

Info

Bank °

Info

Pitch °

Info

100 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 02L WSSS Changi.

Alignment

100 %

IAS kt

100 %

Bank °

100 %

Pitch °

Info

Climb Rate fpm

Info

98.45 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 02L WSSS Changi.

Alignment

100 %

IAS kt

100 %

Bank °

93.82 %

100 %

Pitch °

Info

Climb Rate fpm

Info

98.57 %

Climb 3

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 02L WSSS Changi.

Alignment

100 %

IAS kt

100 %

Bank °

92.87 %

100 %

Pitch °

Info

Climb Rate fpm

Info

Landing on runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl in the Cessna 414A

Landing Score 88.04 %

92.42 %

Final 4

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,362 ft agl to 1,075 ft agl. A decrease of 287 ft in 30 seconds.

Glideslope

77.16 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope °

77.16 %

IAS kt

100 %

Alignment

100 %

Bank °

96.35 %

100 %

Descent Rate fpm

Info

99.47 %

Final 3

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,056 ft agl to 708 ft agl. A decrease of 349 ft in 34 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope °

100 %

IAS kt

100 %

Alignment

100 %

Bank °

97.35 %

100 %

Descent Rate fpm

Info

99.57 %

Final 2

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 690 ft agl to 338 ft agl. A decrease of 352 ft in 37 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope °

100 %

IAS kt

100 %

Alignment

100 %

Bank °

97.86 %

100 %

Descent Rate fpm

Info

89.25 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 329 ft agl to 65 ft agl. A decrease of 264 ft in 32 seconds.

Glideslope

46.28 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope °

46.28 %

IAS kt

100 %

Alignment

100 %

Bank °

99.98 %

100 %

Descent Rate fpm

Info

75.11 %

Landing

Landing on runway 03 at WBSB Brunei Intl, runway length 3,666 m. Threshold height at 75 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was a little below target at 88 kn.

Height

54.76 %

Threshold height at 75 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl

Speed

96.25 %

Threshold speed was a little below target at 88 kt. Target 100 kt

Flare

49.66 %

Very poor landing flare

Centreline ft

100 %

Bank °