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KLGA
New York, United States
Runway 04
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight34,524 kg
Fuel4,793 kg
Wind350° · 16 kn · 11 kn cross

Flight Score

99.80 %
KBUF
Buffalo, United States
Runway 23
Elevation679 ft asl
Weight32,744 kg
Fuel2,937 kg
Wind358° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross
14 Sep 2026 1:02 288 nm CRJ900 1,856 kg
Departure Score
99.53 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.87 %

What went well

Held the centreline on the roll in a 10 kn crosswind — 1.28 m off at liftoff
Touched down at -168 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 460 m in — inside the full-score zone

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 149 kt against 166 kt at 94 %, −0.16 points

Next time

Departure

Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 166 kt.

What happened: Climb speed was 149 kt against a target of 166 kt, running 17 kt slow through the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 166 kt.

See Departure Climb 3

Between four hundred and a thousand feet you're heavy, close to the ground and still carrying flap, and speed is the margin holding all three apart. Slow here doesn't feel like anything — the aeroplane climbs, the nose is up, nothing complains — right up until a turn, a gust or a bank tightens the wing's job and the margin is already gone. The fix is rarely "fly faster", it's lowering the nose a degree and letting the speed build before the next thing you do. Pitch buys altitude, speed buys options, and at this height options are the scarcer of the two.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 17 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-4.1 ° min to max -1.2 ° -2.4 -2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 7 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 7 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 7 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 7 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 7 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 7 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 17 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 04 at KLGA LaGuardia Airport, Average speed was 25 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 13 kt10 kt min to max 18 kt 10 18 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-2.5 ° min to max -2.3 ° -2.3 -2.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 04 at KLGA LaGuardia Airport. Takeoff distance 1,555 m 73 % of runway. Rotation speed was 132 kt. Local weather - Temperature 24 °C. Wind 16 kt at 349 °. Crosswind: 11 kt Headwind: 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,555 m73 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 132 ktTarget 134 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.75 m left4.75 m left to 2.40 m right 4.74 -1.28 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.6 ° min to max 7.2 ° -2.4 7.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.6 1.7 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 04 KLGA LaGuardia Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 147 kt146 kt min to max 148 kt 146 147 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.8 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.16 g1.08 g min to max 1.20 g 1.08 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 738 fpm328 fpm min to max 1,123 fpm 328 1,123 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 31 ft agl 0 31 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °7.3 ° min to max 13.7 ° 7.3 13.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 9 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 9 ft agl · 148 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 04 KLGA LaGuardia Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 146 kt143 kt min to max 147 kt 147 143 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.91 g min to max 1.19 g 1.19 0.93 g
Info Average VSI 1,568 fpm1,147 fpm min to max 2,178 fpm 1,147 1,958 fpm
Info Average altitude 88 ft agl32 ft agl min to max 339 ft agl 32 339 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.5 °13.1 ° min to max 14.5 ° 13.7 13.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 70 ft agl · 148 kt
Departure Climb 3 97.63Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 04 KLGA LaGuardia Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Climb speed 149 kt143 kt min to max 152 ktTarget 166 kt, 17 kt slow 143 152 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.84 g min to max 1.04 g 0.84 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear up at 40 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 1.2 °1.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.0 1.5 °
Info Average VSI 1,466 fpm1,104 fpm min to max 1,942 fpm 1,755 1,911 fpm
Info Average altitude 640 ft agl399 ft agl min to max 934 ft agl 399 934 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.5 °9.6 ° min to max 11.7 ° 10.7 11.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead College Point (New York, United States). Climbing from 977 ft asl to 26,004 ft asl, an increase of 25,027 ft in 12 minutes and covering 66 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 222 kt152 kt min to max 314 kt 152 309 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.4 °0.0 ° min to max 30.3 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.72 g min to max 1.14 g 0.94 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 2,070 fpm-5 fpm min to max 3,683 fpm 1,854 -5 fpm
Info Average altitude 9,273 ft asl977 ft asl min to max 26,007 ft asl 977 26,004 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °1.4 ° min to max 12.8 ° 10.6 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 1,301 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,301 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,667 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,193 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,220 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3,409 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,104 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 25,199 ft agl · 444 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 25,199 ft agl · 444 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of 2PA1 Boehm's Field Greeley (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 21 minutes, covering 132 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,800 ft of 25,989 ft asl25,643 ft asl min to max 26,025 ft asl 26,001 25,643 ft asl
100 % Average speed 280 kt268 kt min to max 306 kt 306 290 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 20.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.2 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.5 1.2 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Almond (New York, United States). Descent from 25,466 ft asl to 4,407 ft asl, a decrease of 21,060 ft in 13 minutes and covering 70 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 260 kt210 kt min to max 294 kt 294 210 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.5 °0.0 ° min to max 28.2 ° 0.6 27.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.88 g min to max 1.22 g 1.01 1.16 g
Info Average VSI -1,509 fpm-2,326 fpm min to max -332 fpm -1,754 -1,546 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,992 ft asl4,407 ft asl min to max 25,466 ft asl 25,466 4,407 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-2.2 ° min to max 2.0 ° -0.6 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 11,112 ft agl · 346 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 9,704 ft agl · 320 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8,897 ft agl · 282 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 7,414 ft agl · 272 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4,300 ft agl · 247 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles west of Alabama (New York, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±719 ft of 4,181 ft asl3,937 ft asl min to max 4,384 ft asl 4,384 3,937 ft asl
100 % Average speed 197 kt174 kt min to max 210 kt 210 174 kt
100 % Average bank angle 20.7 °0.9 ° min to max 32.3 ° 28.6 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.89 g min to max 1.23 g 1.18 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-2.3 ° min to max 6.1 ° 2.0 -2.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3,395 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,471 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 3,471 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 3,471 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 3,471 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Activated 3,471 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3,441 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,451 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 3,456 ft agl · 189 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 3,456 ft agl · 189 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,457 ft agl · 188 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of NK87 Merkle Airport Clarence Center (New York, United States). Descent from 3,736 ft asl to 2,051 ft asl, a decrease of 1,685 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 149 kt143 kt min to max 170 kt 170 143 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -832 fpm-1,365 fpm min to max -687 fpm -748 -758 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,465 ft asl2,051 ft asl min to max 3,736 ft asl 3,736 2,051 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-2.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.8 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 2,722 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,699 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,316 ft agl · 162 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport. Descent from 1,412 ft agl to 54 ft agl in 99 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 23 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, runway length 2,470 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 138 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 138 kt. Target 132 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 3.02 m left3.02 m left to 2.72 m left 2.72 3.01 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Average speed 137 kt131 kt min to max 139 kt 138 131 kt
Info Average VSI -340 fpm-573 fpm min to max -118 fpm -573 -125 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl-8 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 32 -8 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° 1.2 3.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 35 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 35 ft agl · 140 kt
07515022530037545052501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 99.36Touchdown distance was good at 460 m. Touchdown speed at 131 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -168 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 3 kt at 355 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Touchdown rate was -168 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 460 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 131 ktTarget below 131 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.02 m left2.90 m left 3.01 2.72 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.17 g 0.98 1.09 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 130 kt130 kt min to max 131 kt 131 130 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.6 ° min to max 3.1 ° 3.1 2.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 8 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Deactivated 8 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 8 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 8 ft agl · 132 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,208 m, 49 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,208 m49 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.79 m left0.79 m left to 0.30 m right 0.79 -0.30 m
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average speed 122 kt69 kt min to max 132 kt 132 69 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-2.5 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 -2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 30 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 32 kt12 kt min to max 67 kt 67 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-2.5 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.9 -2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7 ft agl · 20 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt3 kt min to max 23 kt 12 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 16 ktmax 21 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-2.6 ° min to max -1.3 ° -2.3 -2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.4 0.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 8 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 132 kt, on the 134 kt target, and lifted off at 145 kt 5.7 s later, the nose coming up at 1.6° a second. Climb 3 averaged 149 kt, 17 kt under its 166 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 166180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1347.3° off · 1.6°/s14° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 32 kt -2.4° 0 s
80 kt277 m 80 kt -2.1° 11.8 s
Rotate1,090 m · target 134 132 kt -1.8° 28.0 s
Liftoff1,469 m · +13 kt from rotation 145 kt 7.3° 33.7 s
35 ft1,750 m · 3.9 s after liftoff 147 kt 13.8° 37.7 s
Gear up1,768 m · 40 ft · full marks to 400 ft 147 kt 13.7° 37.9 s
Climb 32,528 m · 399 ft to 934 ft · target 166 149 kt avg 10.7° 49.0 s
End of Climb 34,112 m · 934 ft 152 kt 11.1° 71 s

Takeoff from KLGA 04

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,555m73 %
Rotation speed100.00
132kttarget 134, 2 slow
Liftoff speed
145kt
Runway alignment100.00
4.75m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
40ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed94.09
149kttarget 166
Rate of climb100.00
737fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 934 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 297 m of runway left; gear up at 40 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,500 fpm on average to 934 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3149 kt avgtarget 166THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 132 kttarget 134Liftoff 145 ktGear up 40 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,135 m runway.

Rolled from 88 m in, drifted 4.8 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 10 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 72 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS10 kn75 %widest 4.76 m LROLL 88 M INAirborne 1,558 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,558 m of 2,135 m · 73 %
Behind the start of the roll, 88 mTakeoff roll, 1,469 m Left ahead, 578 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate760 fpm610 fpm
On glideslope3.3°3.5°
On centreline0.2° off0.2° off
On speed+8.0 kt+5.4 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KBUF 23

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3917554181851,000 ft gate7 of 71,133 ft · 140 kt500 ft gate7 of 7631 ft · 137 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 26× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 14 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR37 m L037 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND10 m L11 m L12 m L6 m L14 m L10 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +12 kt on the approach speed of 132 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 132+12 kt+4 kt+6 kt+5 kt+6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KBUF 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
32ft
Threshold speed100.00
138kttarget 132, 6 fast
Centreline offset100.00
3.02m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
460m
Centreline100.00
3.02m L
Speed100.00
131kttarget 131 or less
Touchdown rate96.78
-168fpm
Impact100.00
1.17G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 358° at 3 kt · 2 kt tail · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 134 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 31 s, an average deceleration of 0.19 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 881 m30 kt · 1,199 mtouchdown1,247 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 32 ft, 18 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 18 ft. Touched down 460 m in, 155 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

32 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 18 ft · −466 fpm · 2.3° · 139 ktdescent slowed at 2 ft · −43 fpm · 3.3°−167 fpm · 3.1° nose up · 131 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 32 ft, down at 460 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 470 fpm at the flare to 170 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−167 fpm at touchdown3.1° at touchdown, +0.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,470 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.7 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 3 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 460 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 460 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,167 m of 2,470 m · 47 %
In the air over the runway, 460 mRollout, 707 m Left over, 1,302 m
Rollout distance100.00
707m47 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.79m L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The aircraft taxied from the parking area to runway 04 at KLGA, a movement that lasted 6 minutes and covered 2 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 04, the aircraft accelerated through a takeoff distance of 1,555 m, representing 73 % of the runway length, and lifted off at 146 kt. Ambient conditions were a temperature of 24 °C, wind from 349° at 16 kt, with an 11 kt cross-wind component and a 12 kt head-wind component.

Climb commenced overhead College Point, with the aircraft ascending from 413 ft asl to 26,004 ft asl, an increase of 25,591 ft achieved in 12 minutes while covering 66 nm.

The first cruise segment began 2 miles north-east of 2PA1 Boehm’s Field Greeley and continued for 21 minutes, during which 132 nm were flown at level altitude.

Descent started overhead Almond, where altitude was reduced from 25,466 ft asl to 4,407 ft asl, a loss of 21,060 ft accomplished in 13 minutes over a distance of 70 nm.

A brief cruise followed, initiating 4 miles west of Alabama and lasting 2 minutes while covering 5 nm.

The subsequent descent began 1 mile south-east of NK87 Merkle Airport Clarence Center, with the aircraft descending from 3,736 ft asl to 2,051 ft asl, a decrease of 1,685 ft in 2 minutes and a ground track of 5 nm.

Final approach to runway 23 at KBUF was executed from the north-east, on a heading of 224.0° at 4 nm and 1,358 ft agl. The final segment reduced altitude from 1,412 ft agl to 54 ft agl in 99 seconds, and the aircraft scored on the stabilisation gates.

Landing on runway 23 at KBUF, whose length is 2,470 m, was performed with a threshold speed of 138 kt. Touchdown occurred 460 m down the runway at 131 kt, with a vertical speed of minus 125 fpm and very good alignment. Local weather reported a temperature of 16 °C, wind from 355° at 3 kt, a 2 kt cross-wind and a 2 kt tail-wind component. The total landing distance recorded was 1,208 m, representing 49 % of the runway.

Runway rollout alignment was perfect.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area, a movement that took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 291 nm, required 62 minutes of airborne time, and consumed 1,856 kg of fuel.

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