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KSMF
Sacramento, United States
Runway 17R
Elevation23 ft asl
Weight5,856 lbs
Fuel1,434 lbs
Wind10° · 4 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

97.65 %
KPDX
Portland, United States
Runway 28L
Elevation23 ft asl
Weight5,097 lbs
Fuel647 lbs
Wind200° · 11 kn · 11 kn cross
27 Oct 2026 2:01 455 nm GroundStopFS 787 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
95.58 %
Arrival Score
97.37 %

What went well

Rollout held the centreline in a 11 kn crosswind — 31.7 ft off at taxi speed
Touched down at -111 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,206 ft in — inside the full-score zone

What held you back

Enroute Climb — bank angle up to 67.6 ° at 45 %, −1.47 points
Arrival Taxi — Landing Lights at 1 %, −0.33 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 35.2 ft left at 93 %, −0.21 points

Next time

Arrival

Track the centreline through touchdown using small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway.

What happened: The aircraft touched down off the centreline at 60 ft, and drifting off centreline at touchdown usually carries through into the rollout, as it did here with alignment reaching 35 ft.

Watch for: Watch runway centreline position, keeping deviation inside the limit through touchdown and rollout.

See Arrival LandingArrival Rollout

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 14 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 13 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 17R at KSMF Sacramento International Airport, Average speed was 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt6 kt min to max 9 kt 9 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °1.2 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 17R at KSMF Sacramento International Airport. Takeoff distance 2,430 ft 28 % of runway. Rotation speed was 89 kt. Local weather - Temperature 54 °F. Wind 5 kt at 10 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,430 ft28 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 89 ktTarget 91 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.9 ft right1.1 ft left to 4.9 ft right -3.0 -4.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.15 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.6 ° min to max 7.0 ° 1.2 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 17R KSMF Sacramento International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 97 kt93 kt min to max 100 kt 93 99 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.99 g min to max 1.23 g 1.19 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 700 fpm480 fpm min to max 848 fpm 480 848 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 0 34 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.3 °7.4 ° min to max 10.0 ° 7.4 10.0 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 17R KSMF Sacramento International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 103 kt99 kt min to max 113 kt 99 109 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.5 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.87 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 973 fpm632 fpm min to max 2,607 fpm 851 2,607 fpm
Info Average altitude 81 ft agl34 ft agl min to max 356 ft agl 34 356 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °6.5 ° min to max 17.4 ° 10.0 17.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 61 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 78 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 213 ft agl · 113 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 17R KSMF Sacramento International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 103 kt98 kt min to max 112 ktTarget 110 kt, 7 kt slow 108 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.4 ° min to max 5.7 ° 1.0 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.86 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear up at 42 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.8 °0.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 1.2 °
Info Average VSI 1,703 fpm735 fpm min to max 2,834 fpm 2,728 754 fpm
Info Average altitude 755 ft agl400 ft agl min to max 965 ft agl 400 965 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °6.2 ° min to max 18.8 ° 18.2 6.2 °
Enroute Climb 77.91Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of KSMF Sacramento International Airport Sacramento (California, United States). Climbing from 996 ft asl to 30,002 ft asl, an increase of 29,006 ft in 24 minutes and covering 75 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 157 kt113 kt min to max 202 kt 113 140 kt
45 % Average bank angle 7.7 °0.0 ° min to max 67.6 ° 2.4 0.2 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.05 g0.73 g min to max 1.93 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,131 fpm-1,023 fpm min to max 4,903 fpm 806 43 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,279 ft asl996 ft asl min to max 30,002 ft asl 996 30,002 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °-3.0 ° min to max 15.7 ° 6.0 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 0-15 min to max 15 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,806 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 5,072 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 5,072 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 5,072 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 5,067 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 5,067 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 12,196 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 17,668 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 29,833 ft agl · 219 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 29,833 ft agl · 219 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 7 miles south west of 4CA7 Johnsen Airport Chico (California, United States) and lasted 58 minutes, covering 275 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,001 ft of 30,007 ft asl29,989 ft asl min to max 30,013 ft asl 30,013 30,006 ft asl
100 % Average speed 191 kt144 kt min to max 193 kt 144 192 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 0.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-3 min to max 7 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 -0.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 8 miles north east of 36OR Jasper Ridge Airstrip Jasper (Oregon, United States). Descent from 30,008 ft asl to 3,691 ft asl, a decrease of 26,317 ft in 18 minutes and covering 80 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 206 kt148 kt min to max 243 kt 192 148 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.1 °0.0 ° min to max 19.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -1,474 fpm-2,443 fpm min to max 68 fpm -4 -4 fpm
Info Average altitude 15,463 ft asl3,691 ft asl min to max 30,011 ft asl 30,008 3,691 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.5 °-6.8 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.8 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 5 1 0

Events

Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 20,143 ft agl · 334 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 28,051 ft agl · 306 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 19,934 ft agl · 336 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 19,497 ft agl · 333 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 10,996 ft agl · 242 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 10,679 ft agl · 247 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8,587 ft agl · 260 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,414 ft agl · 199 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead OR65 Eagle Nest Ranch Airport Estacada (Oregon, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±685 ft of 3,697 ft asl3,613 ft asl min to max 3,712 ft asl 3,693 3,613 ft asl
100 % Average speed 149 kt100 kt min to max 180 kt 152 121 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.6 °0.0 ° min to max 17.6 ° 0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 8 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.3 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.1 -2.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,880 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,911 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,924 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,905 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,905 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 2,905 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 2,905 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,026 ft agl · 114 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Troutdale (Oregon, United States). Descent from 3,516 ft asl to 1,384 ft asl, a decrease of 2,132 ft in 4 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 112 kt98 kt min to max 138 kt 128 106 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -510 fpm-746 fpm min to max -49 fpm -646 -564 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,947 ft asl1,384 ft asl min to max 3,516 ft asl 3,516 1,384 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-3.4 ° min to max 1.1 ° -2.8 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 0-15 min to max 9 0 -2

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 2,402 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,789 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,687 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,687 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 1,687 ft agl · 114 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 28L at KPDX Portland International Airport. Descent from 1,411 ft agl to 94 ft agl in 148 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,072 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 191 ft agl · 92 kt
Arrival Landing 97.71Landing on runway 28L at KPDX Portland International Airport, runway length 10,986 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 85 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 85 kt. Target 89 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
98 % Excellent landing flare
81 % Runway alignment max 59.6 ft left59.6 ft left to 34.3 ft left 59.6 34.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.5 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.91 g min to max 1.10 g 0.93 1.07 g
Info Average speed 78 kt72 kt min to max 85 kt 85 72 kt
Info Average VSI -291 fpm-478 fpm min to max -116 fpm -423 -191 fpm
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 41 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °0.6 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.6 5.2 °
02505007501,0001,25001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,250-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 97.26Touchdown distance was good at 1,206 ft. Touchdown speed at 72 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -111 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 35 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 52 °F. Wind 11 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 11 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown rate was -111 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,206 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 72 ktTarget below 86 kt
84 % Runway alignment max 34.6 ft left34.5 ft left 34.4 34.6 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.07 g min to max 1.10 g 1.07 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 72 kt71 kt min to max 72 kt 72 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °4.6 ° min to max 5.2 ° 5.2 4.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 3 ft agl · 71 kt
Arrival Rollout 96.83Total landing distance 1,991 ft, 18 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 35 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,991 ft18 % of runway.
93 % Runway alignment max 35.2 ft left35.2 ft left to 0.0 ft left 35.2 31.7 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 60 kt37 kt min to max 73 kt 73 37 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 20 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kt1 kt min to max 37 kt 37 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 11 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 89 kt, on the 91 kt target, and lifted off at 92 kt 1.1 s later, the nose coming up at 4.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 103 kt, 7 kt under its 110 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 110120 kt8040020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 915.9° off · 4.7°/s10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 1 kt 0.9° 0 s
Rotate2,010 ft · target 91 89 kt 0.9° 22.6 s
Liftoff2,181 ft · +3 kt from rotation 92 kt 5.9° 23.7 s
35 ft2,922 ft · 4.4 s after liftoff 99 kt 10.1° 28.1 s
Gear up3,004 ft · 42 ft · full marks to 400 ft 100 kt 10.2° 28.5 s
Climb 36,012 ft · 400 ft to 965 ft · target 110 103 kt avg 18.2° 45.0 s
End of Climb 39,368 ft · 965 ft 112 kt 6.2° 65 s

Takeoff from KSMF 17R

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
2,430ft28 %
Rotation speed100.00
89kttarget 91, 2 slow
Liftoff speed
92kt
Runway alignment100.00
4.9ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
42ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
103kttarget 110
Rate of climb100.00
700fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 965 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 5,461 ft of runway left; gear up at 42 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,400 fpm on average to 965 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3103 kt avgtarget 110THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 89 kttarget 91Liftoff 92 ktGear up 42 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 8,599 ft runway.

Rolled from 216 ft in, never more than 5 ft off the centreline. Airborne 27 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 4.7 ft RROLL 216 FT INAirborne 2,397 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,397 ft of 8,599 ft · 28 %
Behind the start of the roll, 216 ftTakeoff roll, 2,181 ft Left ahead, 6,202 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate530 fpm480 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.0°
On centreline0.1° off0.1° off
On speed+16 kt+3.3 kt
Wings level0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KPDX 28L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,3596773592081,000 ft gate7 of 71,064 ft · 105 kt500 ft gate7 of 7538 ft · 92 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 7× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then 70 ft left of it from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR430 ft L0430 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND169 ft R4 ft R21 ft L38 ft L64 ft R6 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 45 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 27 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and +20 kt on the approach speed of 89 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 89+15 kt+6 kt+1 kt+4 kt−4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KPDX 28L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
41ft
Threshold speed100.00
84kttarget 89, 5 slow
Centreline offset81.31
59.6ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,206ft
Centreline83.84
34.6ft L
Speed100.00
71kttarget 86 or less
Touchdown rate98.44
-111fpm
Impact100.00
1.10G
BouncesOk
None
The flare98.31

Excellent landing flare. It lost 1.7 points, mostly for the nose going up and down 2 times.

The crosswind

11 kt across from the left, which takes about 9° of crab to hold the centreline at 72 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 200° at 11 kt · 2 kt tail · 11 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 73 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.22 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 561 ft30 kt · 940 fttouchdown977 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 41 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 30 ft. Touched down 1,206 ft in, 206 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

41 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 30 ft · −497 fpm · 1.7° · 83 ktdescent slowed at 11 ft · −92 fpm · 5°−111 fpm · 5.2° nose up · 72 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 41 ft, down at 1,206 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 500 fpm at the flare to 110 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−111 fpm at touchdown5.2° at touchdown, +3.5° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 10,986 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 35 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 36 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 11 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,206 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,206 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,928 ft of 10,986 ft · 18 %
In the air over the runway, 1,206 ftRollout, 722 ft Left over, 9,058 ft
Rollout distance100.00
722ft17 % used
Rollout alignment92.95
35.2ft L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The aircraft departed from runway 17R at KSMF Sacramento International Airport. Take-off was achieved after a 14-minute taxi covering 3 nm; the take-off roll was 2,430 ft, which is 28 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 89 kt. Local weather was temperature 54 °F, wind 5 kt from 010°, crosswind 1 kt, tailwind 5 kt.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 38 seconds, averaging 1,336 fpm and reaching 112 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 996 ft asl to 30,002 ft asl in 24 minutes, covering 75 nm and beginning about 1 mile south-west of KSMF.

Level flight was maintained at 30,000 ft asl for 58 minutes, covering 275 nm, starting 7 miles south-west of 4CA7 Johnsen Airport Chico.

Descent from 30,008 ft asl to 1,384 ft asl took 25 minutes and covered 95 nm, beginning 8 miles north-east of 36OR Jasper Ridge Airstrip Jasper, with a brief level-off at 3,700 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 28L at KPDX Portland International Airport descended from 1,411 ft agl to 94 ft agl in 148 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration on final was flap position 2 at 1,072 ft agl with an airspeed of 108 kt.

Landing on runway 28L (runway length 10,986 ft) occurred with a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 85 kt. The flare was described as great, with the pitch being pumped up and down. Touchdown was at 1,206 ft from the threshold, speed 72 kt, and a smooth rate of -111 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 35 ft from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,991 ft, which is 18 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 35 ft from the centreline.

Taxi from the runway to the parking area took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 455 nm in 121 minutes and used 787 lb of fuel. Local weather at KPDX was temperature 52 °F, wind 11 kt from 200°, crosswind 11 kt, tailwind 2 kt.

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