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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.
What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 2.3°, more roll than the climb out called for.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on final so the speed settles to 65 kt before the gate.
What happened: The approach was 37 kt fast at the stabilisation gate, and carrying that extra speed over the threshold usually carries the touchdown long, which happened here by 450 m.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 60 kt at the threshold.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 57 kt, on the 56 kt target, and lifted off at 73 kt 5.3 s later, the nose coming up at 0.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 91 kt, 8 kt over its 83 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 967 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 611 m of runway left; then climbing at 630 fpm on average to 967 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,486 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 2.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.6 m right. Airborne 35 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: no landing flap set and glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3.3°.
At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set, sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3.3° and speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 65 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: no landing flap all the way, high until 1.0 nm, sinking too fast until 0.6 nm, fast from 2.2 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3.3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 4 nm to 1.0 nm (up to 1,140 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3.3° here, which is about 350 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 60 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 173 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 2.2 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +41 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 5 times on the way down. Touchdown was 907 m past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.
Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 55 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 44 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft; ballooned 2 ft from 13 ft. Touched down 907 m in, 602 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 110 fpm before coming down at 90 fpm to touch. The nose came up 4.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,486 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.1 m right at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
Touched down 907 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna Skyhawk taxied from the parking area to the runway in 5 minutes, covering 1 nm, and departed from runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. The take-off roll used 568 m, which is 38 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 57 kt. Local temperature was 24 °C.
Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 89 seconds, averaging 598 fpm and reaching 98 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 2 288 ft asl to 6 080 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 11 nm, with a brief level-off at 4 200 ft asl while overhead Rorschach. Cruise was maintained at 6 600 ft asl for 11 minutes, covering 19 nm, starting overhead Buhler.
Descent began from 6 542 ft asl to 5 553 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 3 nm, starting 1 mile east of Sevelen. Level flight continued at 5 400 ft asl for 25 minutes, covering 42 nm, starting 2 miles north-east of Sargans. A further descent from 5 168 ft asl to 3 505 ft asl took 3 minutes, covering 5 nm, starting 1 mile north-west of Fehraltorf.
Final approach to runway 28 at LSZH Zürich Airport descended from 2 257 ft agl to 49 ft agl in 113 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway showed gear down, on centreline, and wings level met; landing flap, sink rate (at one gate), glideslope, and speed (at one gate) were not met. The aircraft was in flap position 3 at 24 ft agl with a speed of 88 kt.
Landing on runway 28, which is 2 486 m long, occurred with a threshold speed of 91 kt. The flare was described as fair; the aircraft ballooned in the flare. Touchdown was 465 m beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 44 kt and a rate of -93 fpm, with perfect runway alignment and no bounce. Total landing distance was 1 334 m, 54 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good. Local temperature was 23 °C.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The flight covered 88 nm in 60 minutes and used 15 kg of fuel.
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