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LSZR
St. Gallen, Switzerland
Runway 28
Elevation1,306 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
WindCalm

Flight Score

94.52 %
LSZH
Zurich, Switzerland
Runway 28
Elevation1,398 ft asl
Weight982 kg
Fuel61 kg
WindCalm
29 Oct 2026 1:00 88 nm Cessna Skyhawk 15 kg
Departure Score
99.53 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
84.02 %

What went well

Touched down at -93 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 0.45 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.12 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 71 %, 500 ft gate 43 %, −2.86 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kt at 0 %, Flare profile at 82 %, −1.98 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 907 m at 51 %, −0.49 points

Next time

Departure

Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.

What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 2.3°, more roll than the climb out called for.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb

See Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final so the speed settles to 65 kt before the gate.

What happened: The approach was 37 kt fast at the stabilisation gate, and carrying that extra speed over the threshold usually carries the touchdown long, which happened here by 450 m.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 60 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival ApproachArrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 14 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 15 kt 0 14 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.0 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport, Average speed was 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kt13 kt min to max 20 kt 13 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. Takeoff distance 568 m 38 % of runway. Rotation speed was 57 kt. Local weather - Temperature 24 °C. .
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 568 m38 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 57 ktTarget 56 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.32 m right0.00 m left to 3.32 m right -1.45 -3.32 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.2 ° min to max 4.4 ° -0.1 4.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt73 kt min to max 85 kt 73 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.9 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 355 fpm258 fpm min to max 431 fpm 359 348 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 46 ft agl 0 46 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °4.4 ° min to max 7.3 ° 4.4 6.8 °
Departure Climb 2 97.66Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.8 ° -0.1 1.8 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt81 kt min to max 86 kt 86 82 kt
91 % Average bank angle 2.3 °1.0 ° min to max 8.3 ° 2.5 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.93 g min to max 1.12 g 1.09 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 676 fpm356 fpm min to max 1,073 fpm 356 704 fpm
Info Average altitude 97 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 361 ft agl 46 361 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °6.9 ° min to max 10.3 ° 6.9 7.8 °
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 91 kt82 kt min to max 102 ktTarget 83 kt, 8 kt fast 82 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 8.8 ° 3.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.05 g 0.99 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear fixed
Info Heading variation 2.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.2 -0.5 °
Info Average VSI 607 fpm85 fpm min to max 948 fpm 690 717 fpm
Info Average altitude 689 ft agl372 ft agl min to max 967 ft agl 372 967 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °2.6 ° min to max 9.1 ° 7.7 5.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Rorschach (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland). Climbing from 2,288 ft asl to 3,868 ft asl, an increase of 1,580 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kt86 kt min to max 104 kt 98 86 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.1 ° min to max 12.3 ° 0.9 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.25 g 0.94 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 714 fpm-199 fpm min to max 1,590 fpm 633 767 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,039 ft asl2,288 ft asl min to max 3,868 ft asl 2,288 3,868 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °0.1 ° min to max 11.1 ° 4.7 7.5 °
Info Turn coordination 8-11 min to max 22 5 10
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Morschwil (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±699 ft of 4,167 ft asl3,983 ft asl min to max 4,265 ft asl 3,983 4,265 ft asl
100 % Average speed 85 kt83 kt min to max 89 kt 87 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.0 ° min to max 15.0 ° 0.8 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 2-9 min to max 17 10 5
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °2.6 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.3 4.8 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Sankt Gallen (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland). Climbing from 4,292 ft asl to 6,080 ft asl, an increase of 1,788 ft in 3 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 84 kt81 kt min to max 87 kt 84 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.8 °0.1 ° min to max 16.1 ° 2.0 5.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 647 fpm-26 fpm min to max 1,101 fpm -26 553 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,909 ft asl4,292 ft asl min to max 6,080 ft asl 4,292 6,080 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °2.7 ° min to max 9.6 ° 2.7 6.7 °
Info Turn coordination 100 min to max 19 5 7
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Buhler (Kanton Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±807 ft of 6,577 ft asl6,139 ft asl min to max 6,653 ft asl 6,139 6,545 ft asl
100 % Average speed 86 kt83 kt min to max 91 kt 84 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.0 ° min to max 17.6 ° 6.1 7.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.09 g 0.99 0.94 g
Info Turn coordination 3-9 min to max 19 7 4
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °0.3 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.8 1.6 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,198 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5,198 ft agl · 100 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile east of Sevelen (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland). Descent from 6,542 ft asl to 5,553 ft asl, a decrease of 989 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 85 kt84 kt min to max 86 kt 84 86 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.6 °0.4 ° min to max 13.7 ° 9.6 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 0.96 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -620 fpm-880 fpm min to max -258 fpm -258 -596 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,281 ft asl5,553 ft asl min to max 6,542 ft asl 6,542 5,553 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-2.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination -4-12 min to max 6 6 -4
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Sargans (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland) and lasted 25 minutes, covering 42 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±776 ft of 5,442 ft asl5,259 ft asl min to max 5,620 ft asl 5,511 5,259 ft asl
100 % Average speed 88 kt84 kt min to max 97 kt 87 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.9 °0.0 ° min to max 26.8 ° 0.8 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 2-18 min to max 19 0 -8
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-2.4 ° min to max 5.4 ° 4.0 -0.4 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north west of Fehraltorf (Kanton Zurich, Switzerland). Descent from 5,168 ft asl to 3,505 ft asl, a decrease of 1,663 ft in 3 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 88 kt85 kt min to max 90 kt 86 90 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.1 °0.1 ° min to max 19.6 ° 1.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -670 fpm-989 fpm min to max -356 fpm -457 -952 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,143 ft asl3,505 ft asl min to max 5,168 ft asl 5,168 3,505 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-3.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 -3.1 °
Info Turn coordination -13-26 min to max -6 -8 -19
Arrival Approach 57.14Final approach to runway 28 at LSZH Zürich Airport. Descent from 2,257 ft agl to 49 ft agl in 113 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
0 % Landing flapfailed at both gates
50 % Sink ratefailed at one of the two gates
0 % On glideslopefailed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
50 % On speedfailed at one of the two gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,318 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,318 ft agl · 100 kt
Arrival Landing 70.36Landing on runway 28 at LSZH Zürich Airport, runway length 2,486 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kt. Target 60 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
82 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 5 times on the way down. Touchdown was 907 m past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.24 m right0.34 m left to 2.24 m right -0.28 0.34 m
99.7 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.20 g 1.05 1.02 g
Info Average speed 68 kt44 kt min to max 91 kt 91 44 kt
Info Average VSI -132 fpm-574 fpm min to max 24 fpm -574 -108 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-7 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 44 -7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 7.2 ° 0.0 6.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 26 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 24 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 24 ft agl · 88 kt
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,05001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,050-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.62Touchdown point was 465 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 44 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -93 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 23 °C. .
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -93 fpm.
51 % Touchdown distance was 907 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 44 ktTarget below 60 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.45 m left0.41 m left 0.34 0.45 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.01 g min to max 1.12 g 1.02 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 44 kt44 kt min to max 44 kt 44 44 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °5.4 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 5.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,334 m, 54 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,334 m54 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.84 m right2.14 m left to 4.84 m right -2.06 -4.84 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.99 g
Info Average speed 44 kt30 kt min to max 54 kt 54 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.5 ° min to max 5.9 ° 5.4 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 49 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 12 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kt21 kt min to max 30 kt 30 21 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 21 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 21 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 18 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 13 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.7 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 57 kt, on the 56 kt target, and lifted off at 73 kt 5.3 s later, the nose coming up at 0.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 91 kt, 8 kt over its 83 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 83120 kt8040020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 564.3° off · 0.7°/s5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 9 kt -0.1° 0 s
Rotate336 m · target 56 57 kt 0.7° 13.8 s
Liftoff534 m · +16 kt from rotation 73 kt 4.3° 19.1 s
35 ft882 m · 8.0 s after liftoff 83 kt 4.9° 27.1 s
Climb 32,013 m · 372 ft to 967 ft · target 83 91 kt avg 7.7° 52.2 s
End of Climb 34,955 m · 967 ft 98 kt 5.3° 111 s

Takeoff from LSZR 28

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
568m38 %
Rotation speed100.00
57kttarget 56, 1 fast
Liftoff speed
73kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.32m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Climb 3 speed100.00
91kttarget 83
Rate of climb100.00
355fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 967 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 611 m of runway left; then climbing at 630 fpm on average to 967 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 391 kt avgtarget 83THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 57 kttarget 56Liftoff 73 ktSCALE CHANGES3.5 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,486 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 2.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.6 m right. Airborne 35 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.53 m RAirborne 527 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 527 m of 1,486 m · 35 %
Takeoff roll, 527 m Left ahead, 958 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 71.435 of 7500 ft 42.863 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate950 fpm1,480 fpm
On glideslope6.3°6.0°
On centreline0.4° off0.3° off
On speed+25 kt+37 kt
Wings level0° bank1° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: no landing flap set and glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3.3°.

At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set, sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3.3° and speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 65 kt.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: no landing flap all the way, high until 1.0 nm, sinking too fast until 0.6 nm, fast from 2.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LSZH 28

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3.3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 4 nm to 1.0 nm (up to 1,140 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3.3° here, which is about 350 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 60 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,4601,1107604103.3° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,5891,4466632921,000 ft gate5 of 7landing flapon glideslope2,023 ft · 90 kt500 ft gate3 of 7landing flapsink rateon glideslopeon speed1,012 ft · 102 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 173 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND173 m R8 m R21 m L10 m L35 m L14 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 2.2 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +41 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 65+24 kt+30 kt+41 kt+38 kt+26 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LSZH 28

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
44ft
Threshold speed0.00
90kttarget 60, 30 fast
Centreline offset100.00
2.24m R

Touchdown

Past threshold50.78
907m
Centreline100.00
0.45m L
Speed100.00
44kttarget 60 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-93fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None
The flare81.56

The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 5 times on the way down. Touchdown was 907 m past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.

The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 55 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 430 mtouchdown447 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 44 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft; ballooned 2 ft from 13 ft. Touched down 907 m in, 602 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

44 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT held off 371 m from the lowest point 80 ft400 Flare 21 ft · −171 fpm · 1.8° · 87 ktballooned +2 ft · from 13 ft to 15 ft−92 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 44 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 44 ft, down at 907 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 110 fpm before coming down at 90 fpm to touch. The nose came up 4.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−92 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown, +4.6° from the flareclimbing 112 fpm
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,486 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.1 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 907 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 907 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,320 m of 2,486 m · 53 %
In the air over the runway, 907 mRollout, 413 m Left over, 1,166 m
Rollout distance100.00
413m53 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.84m R

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Flight narrative

The Cessna Skyhawk taxied from the parking area to the runway in 5 minutes, covering 1 nm, and departed from runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. The take-off roll used 568 m, which is 38 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 57 kt. Local temperature was 24 °C.

Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 89 seconds, averaging 598 fpm and reaching 98 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 2 288 ft asl to 6 080 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 11 nm, with a brief level-off at 4 200 ft asl while overhead Rorschach. Cruise was maintained at 6 600 ft asl for 11 minutes, covering 19 nm, starting overhead Buhler.

Descent began from 6 542 ft asl to 5 553 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 3 nm, starting 1 mile east of Sevelen. Level flight continued at 5 400 ft asl for 25 minutes, covering 42 nm, starting 2 miles north-east of Sargans. A further descent from 5 168 ft asl to 3 505 ft asl took 3 minutes, covering 5 nm, starting 1 mile north-west of Fehraltorf.

Final approach to runway 28 at LSZH Zürich Airport descended from 2 257 ft agl to 49 ft agl in 113 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway showed gear down, on centreline, and wings level met; landing flap, sink rate (at one gate), glideslope, and speed (at one gate) were not met. The aircraft was in flap position 3 at 24 ft agl with a speed of 88 kt.

Landing on runway 28, which is 2 486 m long, occurred with a threshold speed of 91 kt. The flare was described as fair; the aircraft ballooned in the flare. Touchdown was 465 m beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 44 kt and a rate of -93 fpm, with perfect runway alignment and no bounce. Total landing distance was 1 334 m, 54 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good. Local temperature was 23 °C.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The flight covered 88 nm in 60 minutes and used 15 kg of fuel.

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