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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Avoid steep turns at low altitude
Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 32 stages, 28 in the score
The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 67 kt with 4.6° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 618 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,017 m of runway left; then climbing at 810 fpm on average to 618 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,499 m runway.
Rolled from 149 m in, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 21 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 67 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +8 kt and +20 kt on the approach speed of 65 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 210° at 13 kt · 13 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 40 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 12 s, an average deceleration of 0.04 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,499 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 41 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 428 m in, 123 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,499 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From 39 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 160 fpm before coming down at 120 fpm to touch. The nose came up 7.0° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,499 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.1 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 2.1 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 428 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.26 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight commenced with a departure roll from runway 21 at EKRK Copenhagen Roskilde Airport. The aircraft, a PA28 Warrior II, started rolling down the runway and accelerated to the liftoff speed of 67 knots. The takeoff distance was 179 meters, which accounted for 12% of the runway. The aircraft lifted off as the crosswind was 2 knots and the headwind was 10 knots.
Once airborne, the aircraft began climbing from an altitude of 769 feet above sea level to a height of 1,634 feet above sea level, with an increase of 865 feet in just 1 minute. This was done while covering a distance of 1 nautical mile. The climb to higher altitudes continued as the aircraft entered a level cruise, where it maintained a speed of around 67 knots while flying over the Danish region of Sjælland.
The aircraft then began a steep descent from 1,551 feet above sea level to 1,300 feet above sea level, with a decrease of 252 feet in just 3 minutes, while covering 4 nautical miles. The descent ended with the aircraft entering a downwind turn for the right-hand pattern entry towards runway 21.
As the aircraft turned away from the runway, it began its final climb from 1,731 feet above sea level to 2,706 feet above sea level, an increase of 974 feet in just 1 minute while covering 1 nautical mile. The climb was followed by a short level cruise, where the aircraft flew over the region of Sjælland while maintaining a speed of around 67 knots.
The pattern entry was successful, and the aircraft began another climb from 1,970 feet above sea level to 3,099 feet above sea level, an increase of 1,130 feet in just 3 minutes while covering 5 nautical miles. Another level cruise followed, where the aircraft flew over the region of Sjælland while maintaining a speed of around 67 knots.
The next descent brought the aircraft down from 3,099 feet above sea level to 2,034 feet above sea level, with a decrease of 1,413 feet in just 3 minutes while covering 5 nautical miles. The aircraft then began another climb from 626 feet above sea level to 2,140 feet above sea level, an increase of 1,514 feet in just 2 minutes while covering 2 nautical miles.
The climb was followed by a long level cruise, where the aircraft flew over the region of Sjælland while maintaining a speed of around 67 knots for a total of 19 minutes, covering 10 nautical miles. Another descent ended with the aircraft flying at a lower altitude and preparing for its final approach to runway 21.
The final approach was made from the north-east, with a heading of 211.0° and an altitude of 1,210 feet above ground level. The approach was smooth, and the aircraft landed safely on the runway with a touchdown speed of 51 knots. The total landing distance was 604 meters, which accounted for just 40% of the runway.
After landing, the aircraft took 33 minutes to taxi to the parking area, covering less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 58 nautical miles, with the aircraft using a total of 37 kilograms of fuel. The flight was completed successfully under various weather conditions, including temperature at 23°C and winds of up to 13 knots.
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