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KEWR
Newark, United States
Runway 04L
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight511,691 lbs
Fuel128,957 lbs
Wind320° · 4 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

99.40 %
KLAX
Los Angeles, United States
Runway 25L
Elevation125 ft asl
Weight413,528 lbs
Fuel30,486 lbs
WindCalm
31 Oct 2026 5:22 2148 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 98,471 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.21 %

What went well

Touchdown 1,253 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 33 ft and 151 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 2.0 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 283 fpm, −0.60 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 283 fpm−0.32
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.27

Next time

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 0 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 04L at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport, Average speed was 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 5 kt4 kt min to max 7 kt 4 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 04L at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport. Takeoff distance 3,407 ft 40 % of runway. Rotation speed was 160 kt. Local weather - Temperature 63 °F. Wind 4 kt at 320 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 3,407 ft40 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 160 ktTarget 151 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 7.8 ft left7.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left 5.9 1.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 7.3 ° -0.3 7.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 04L KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 177 kt173 kt min to max 181 kt 173 181 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.04 g min to max 1.20 g 1.20 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 638 fpm336 fpm min to max 1,277 fpm 336 1,277 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 28 ft agl 0 28 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °7.3 ° min to max 10.8 ° 7.3 10.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 04L KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 182 kt181 kt min to max 183 kt 181 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g1.04 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,786 fpm1,301 fpm min to max 3,273 fpm 1,301 3,273 fpm
Info Average altitude 73 ft agl30 ft agl min to max 310 ft agl 30 310 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.2 °10.9 ° min to max 15.8 ° 10.9 15.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 144 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 185 ft agl · 181 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 04L KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 180 kt180 kt min to max 181 ktTarget 193 kt, 13 kt slow 181 180 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.93 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.93 g
100 % Landing gear up at 93 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.7 °
Info Average VSI 3,490 fpm3,370 fpm min to max 3,563 fpm 3,370 3,444 fpm
Info Average altitude 621 ft agl360 ft agl min to max 884 ft agl 360 884 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.2 °15.8 ° min to max 16.4 ° 16.0 15.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 671 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 962 ft agl · 180 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport Newark (New Jersey, United States). Climbing from 984 ft asl to 33,999 ft asl, an increase of 33,015 ft in 16 minutes and covering 91 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 256 kt180 kt min to max 310 kt 180 285 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.0 ° min to max 22.2 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.73 g min to max 1.11 g 0.93 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,285 fpm6 fpm min to max 3,627 fpm 3,387 6 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,369 ft asl984 ft asl min to max 33,999 ft asl 984 33,999 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °2.8 ° min to max 15.6 ° 15.6 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination -3-27 min to max 20 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,579 ft agl · 186 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 1,759 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5,319 ft agl · 245 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,830 ft agl · 284 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead West Hamburg (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 144 minutes, covering 1,068 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,200 ft of 33,999 ft asl33,986 ft asl min to max 34,009 ft asl 34,007 33,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 295 kt287 kt min to max 296 kt 287 296 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 13.1 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-26 min to max 48 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.3 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.8 2.4 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 6 miles east of Stockton (Kansas, United States). Climbing from 34,002 ft asl to 35,641 ft asl, an increase of 1,638 ft in 2 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 290 kt285 kt min to max 296 kt 296 285 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,012 fpm166 fpm min to max 1,310 fpm 166 1,014 fpm
Info Average altitude 34,824 ft asl34,002 ft asl min to max 35,641 ft asl 34,002 35,641 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °2.8 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.8 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 0-1 min to max 1 0 1
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles west of KRCP Rooks County Regional Airport Stockton (Kansas, United States) and lasted 130 minutes, covering 873 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,291 ft of 35,998 ft asl35,814 ft asl min to max 36,026 ft asl 35,814 35,851 ft asl
100 % Average speed 281 kt271 kt min to max 286 kt 283 271 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 11.8 ° 0.4 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 0-22 min to max 19 8 -1
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °0.8 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 0.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles east of 2CA8 B . Descent from 35,567 ft asl to 1,435 ft asl, a decrease of 34,131 ft in 20 minutes and covering 96 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 229 kt150 kt min to max 281 kt 267 150 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 15.3 ° 1.7 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,493 fpm-4,008 fpm min to max 82 fpm -1,801 -1,068 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,038 ft asl1,435 ft asl min to max 35,567 ft asl 35,567 1,435 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-3.7 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.4 3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 0-14 min to max 19 -8 -2

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,080 ft agl · 281 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,706 ft agl · 278 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,609 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,458 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,302 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,236 ft agl · 163 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 25L at KLAX Los Angeles International Airport. Descent from 1,344 ft agl to 37 ft agl in 91 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 978 ft agl · 157 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 740 ft agl · 154 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 808 ft agl · 156 kt
Arrival Landing 95.91Landing on runway 25L at KLAX Los Angeles International Airport, runway length 11,080 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 151 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 151 kt. Target 151 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
84 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 1,253 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.0 ft left2.0 ft left to 1.7 ft left 1.8 1.7 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.03 g min to max 1.06 g 1.03 1.06 g
Info Average speed 149 kt144 kt min to max 151 kt 151 144 kt
Info Average VSI -444 fpm-618 fpm min to max -239 fpm -618 -239 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl-8 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 33 -8 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °5.1 ° min to max 7.5 ° 5.1 7.5 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 740 ft agl · 154 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 45 ft agl · 152 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-110-88-66-44-22022446688110Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 95.16Touchdown distance was good at 1,253 ft. Touchdown speed at 144 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -283 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 64 °F. Wind 0 kt at 0 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
76 % Touchdown rate was -283 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,253 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 144 ktTarget below 149 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.0 ft left1.8 ft left 1.7 2.0 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.5 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.06 g min to max 1.21 g 1.06 1.16 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 144 kt143 kt min to max 144 kt 144 143 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °7.5 ° min to max 7.5 ° 7.5 7.5 °
Arrival Rollout 99.99Total landing distance 4,856 ft, 44 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 4,856 ft44 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 11.2 ft left11.2 ft left to 0.0 ft left 11.2 1.0 ft
99.9 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.19 g 1.14 1.00 g
Info Average speed 109 kt73 kt min to max 145 kt 145 73 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.1 ° min to max 7.5 ° 7.5 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 46 kt7 kt min to max 73 kt 73 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt1 kt min to max 20 kt 7 1 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 8 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 160 kt, 9 kt above the 151 kt target, and lifted off at 172 kt 4.1 s later, the nose coming up at 1.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 180 kt, 13 kt under its 193 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1517.3° off · 1.7°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 8 kt -0.3° 0 s
80 kt1,125 ft 80 kt -0.3° 21.3 s
Rotate4,604 ft · target 151 160 kt 0.4° 38.4 s
Liftoff5,751 ft · +12 kt from rotation 172 kt 7.3° 42.5 s
35 ft7,036 ft · 4.3 s after liftoff 181 kt 11.2° 46.8 s
Gear up7,724 ft · 93 ft · full marks to 400 ft 182 kt 13.4° 49.3 s
Climb 39,535 ft · 360 ft to 884 ft · target 193 180 kt avg 16.0° 55.6 s
End of Climb 312,190 ft · 884 ft 180 kt 15.8° 65 s

Takeoff from KEWR 04L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
3,407ft40 %
Rotation speed100.00
160kttarget 151, 9 fast
Liftoff speed
172kt
Runway alignment100.00
7.8ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
93ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
180kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
637fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 884 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 3,735 ft of runway left; gear up at 93 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,370 fpm on average to 884 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3180 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 160 kttarget 151Liftoff 172 ktGear up 93 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 8,459 ft runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 8 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 7.6 ft LAirborne 3,439 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,439 ft of 8,459 ft · 41 %
Takeoff roll, 3,439 ft Left ahead, 5,020 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,040 fpm710 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.0°
On centreline0.4° off0.2° off
On speed+2.9 kt−1.8 kt
Wings level0° bank1° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KLAX 25L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 70 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3416293371891,000 ft gate7 of 71,022 ft · 154 kt500 ft gate7 of 7523 ft · 149 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 8× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 160 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR400 ft L0400 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND157 ft L57 ft L8 ft R11 ft R110 ft L29 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 38 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −3 kt and +3 kt on the approach speed of 151 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 151−1 kt−3 kt−1 kt+0 kt+0 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KLAX 25L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
33ft
Threshold speed100.00
151kton target
Centreline offset100.00
2.0ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,253ft
Centreline100.00
2.0ft L
Speed100.00
144kttarget 149 or less
Touchdown rate75.80
-283fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
BouncesOk
None
The flare83.65

The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 1,253 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 147 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 44 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 3,997 ft30 kt · 5,585 fttouchdown5,808 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,132 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 17 ft. Touched down 1,253 ft in, 253 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,132 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 17 ft · −389 fpm · 5.9° · 150 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −279 fpm · 7.5°−283 fpm · 7.5° nose up · 144 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 33 ft, down at 1,253 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 390 fpm at the flare to 280 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−283 fpm at touchdown7.5° at touchdown, +1.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,132 ft of the 11,080 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 11 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,253 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,253 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 4,732 ft of 11,080 ft · 43 %
In the air over the runway, 1,253 ftRollout, 3,479 ft Left over, 6,348 ft
Rollout distance100.00
3,479ft43 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
11.2ft L

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Flight narrative

The MD-11 taxied from the parking area to runway 04L at KEWR for 5 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Takeoff was performed on runway 04L with a distance of 3,407 ft, representing 40 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 160 kt. Local weather was temperature 63 °F, wind 4 kt from 320°, with a 3 kt cross-wind and 1 kt head-wind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 20 seconds, averaging 2,381 fpm and reaching 180 kt at the top.

The climb continued from 984 ft asl to 33,999 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 91 nm, starting overhead KEWR Newark.

Level flight was maintained between 34,000 ft asl and 36,000 ft asl for 275 minutes, covering 1,953 nm, starting overhead West Hamburg.

Descent from 35,567 ft asl to 1,435 ft asl took 20 minutes and covered 96 nm, beginning 6 miles east of 2CA8 B.

Final approach to runway 25L at KLAX descended from 1,344 ft agl to 37 ft agl in 91 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,458 ft agl, 176 kt; final flap position 6 at 2,302 ft agl, 165 kt.

Landing on runway 25L (length 11,080 ft) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 151 kt. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 1,253 ft down the runway at 144 kt, a fair rate of -283 fpm, and perfect alignment. No bounce was observed. Total landing distance was 4,856 ft, 44 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.

Local weather at KLAX was temperature 64 °F, wind 0 kt from 360°, with 0 kt cross-wind and 0 kt head-wind.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area for 4 minutes, covering 1 nm.

The flight covered 2,148 nm in 322 minutes and used 98,471 lb of fuel.

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