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KCDW
Caldwell, United States
Runway 28
Elevation167 ft asl
Weight865 kg
Fuel69 kg
Wind346° · 7 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

80.02 %
KCDW
Caldwell, United States
Runway 22
Elevation171 ft asl
Weight863 kg
Fuel67 kg
15 Oct 2025 0:06 2 nm Cessna C172 2 kg
Departure Score
91.09 %
Pattern Score
70.55 %
Arrival Score
78.43 %

What went well

Touched down at -417 fpm — a soft arrival
1.44 G at touchdown — inside band
Lifted off at 66 kt — on the 61 kt target

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 0 %, Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target at 54 %, −4.93 points
Pattern Base Leg Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 10.3 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 75.8 ° at 0 %, −4.00 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 22.9 ° at 32 %, bank angle up to 43.9 ° at 34 %, −2.97 points

Next time

Departure

Use coordinated aileron input to level the wings and hold bank angle close to wings-level during the climb.

What happened: During the initial climb, your average bank angle drifted to 5.4°.

Watch for: Attitude indicator, bank angle near wings-level

See Departure Climb 1

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final so the threshold speed comes back to 63 kt, removing the excess energy before the flare.

What happened: Threshold speed was 13 kt above 63 kt. Crossing the threshold fast like this usually carries into a pumped flare, with the pitch reversing direction several times instead of one smooth input, and that pattern usually carries through into a firm touchdown.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 63 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 12 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 0 12 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.2 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.0 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 28 at KCDW Essex County Airport, Average speed was 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 12 22 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.9 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.99 g
Departure Roll 89.57Departure roll runway 28 at KCDW Essex County Airport. Takeoff distance 355 m 43 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 66 kt. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 7 kt at 345 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 355 m43 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 66 ktTarget 65 kt
98 % Runway alignment max 3.64 m left3.64 m left to 2.37 m right -2.26 3.64 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.11 g 0.99 1.11 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.5 ° min to max 6.0 ° 2.7 6.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.2 2.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 93.70Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 KCDW Essex County Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation -0.9 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -1.6 °
100 % Average speed 69 kt67 kt min to max 69 kt 67 69 kt
81 % Average bank angle 5.4 °2.2 ° min to max 9.2 ° 2.2 8.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.91 g min to max 1.16 g 1.12 0.91 g
Info Average VSI 708 fpm362 fpm min to max 977 fpm 362 977 fpm
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 0 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.4 °6.1 ° min to max 13.6 ° 6.1 11.1 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Right hand pattern entry from runway 28 KCDW Essex County Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 73 kt69 kt min to max 92 kt 69 71 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.1 ° min to max 137.9 ° 8.2 137.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.75 g min to max 1.49 g 0.90 0.75 g
Info Average VSI 849 fpm420 fpm min to max 2,804 fpm 979 902 fpm
Info Average altitude 141 ft agl59 ft agl min to max 607 ft agl 59 607 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °1.8 ° min to max 31.9 ° 11.0 1.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 441 ft agl · 96 kt
Pattern Crosswind 79.77Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 28 KCDW Essex County Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 2 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Heading -10.9 °-18.3 ° min to max 3.9 ° -18.3 3.9 °
100 % Average speed 92 kt78 kt min to max 110 kt 78 110 kt
75 % Average g force 1.01 g0.67 g min to max 1.69 g 0.67 1.69 g
Info Average VSI -2,834 fpm-4,745 fpm min to max -954 fpm -954 -4,745 fpm
Info Average altitude 478 ft agl343 ft agl min to max 576 ft agl 576 343 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 97.5 °50.7 ° min to max 134.1 ° 134.1 50.7 °
Info Average pitch angle -14.3 °-18.4 ° min to max -11.7 ° -12.7 -11.7 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 55.41Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 0 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 22.9 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
32 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 22.9 °.
100 % Average speed 116 kt104 kt min to max 125 kt 115 104 kt
34 % Average bank angle 18.5 °7.2 ° min to max 43.8 ° 43.8 30.2 °
57 % Average g force 1.46 g1.07 g min to max 3.01 g 3.01 1.29 g
Info Average VSI 650 fpm-4,048 fpm min to max 2,606 fpm -4,048 2,606 fpm
Info Average altitude 355 ft agl257 ft agl min to max 521 ft agl 279 521 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.1 °2.8 ° min to max 18.0 ° 4.5 18.0 °
Pattern Downwind 77.60Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 2 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 2.6 °-2.2 ° min to max 12.2 ° -2.2 12.2 °
26 % Average altitude 618 ft agl572 ft agl min to max 659 ft agl 572 659 ft agl
100 % Average speed 92 kt86 kt min to max 98 kt 98 86 kt
97 % Average g force 1.42 g1.22 g min to max 1.61 g 1.61 1.22 g
Info Average VSI 2,756 fpm2,415 fpm min to max 2,965 fpm 2,887 2,415 fpm
Info Average bank angle 65.7 °50.9 ° min to max 77.4 ° 50.9 77.4 °
Info Average pitch angle 20.7 °19.2 ° min to max 21.6 ° 21.2 21.6 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 40.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 10.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 10.3 °.
100 % Average speed 103 kt80 kt min to max 122 kt 80 89 kt
0 % Average bank angle 15.7 °0.3 ° min to max 75.8 ° 75.8 9.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.72 g min to max 1.37 g 1.01 1.23 g
Info Average VSI -199 fpm-1,739 fpm min to max 1,626 fpm 1,626 -1,225 fpm
Info Average altitude 763 ft agl253 ft agl min to max 1,087 ft agl 679 253 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-8.7 ° min to max 22.3 ° 22.3 -0.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,017 ft agl · 104 kt
Arrival Final 1 88.90Approaching runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 236 ft agl to 84 ft agl. A decrease of 153 ft in 10 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
56 % Approach angle 4.9 °4.6 ° min to max 5.4 °Target 3.0 ° 4.8 4.8 °
100 % Average speed 78 kt74 kt min to max 85 kt 84 77 kt
88 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.6 0.5 °
100 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.4 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.73 g min to max 1.18 g 1.08 1.16 g
Info Average VSI -896 fpm-1,047 fpm min to max -285 fpm -942 -929 fpm
Info Average altitude 126 ft agl84 ft agl min to max 236 ft agl 236 84 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-4.7 ° min to max 1.9 ° -1.6 -0.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 55.67Landing on runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport, runway length 1,234 m. Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was too high at 76 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Threshold speed was too high at 76 kt. Target 60 kt
54 % Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
84 % Runway alignment max 0.28 m left0.28 m left to 0.06 m left 0.16 0.22 m
88 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° 2.0 4.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.67 g min to max 1.49 g 1.16 1.07 g
Info Average speed 67 kt54 kt min to max 76 kt 76 54 kt
Info Average VSI -386 fpm-913 fpm min to max 42 fpm -913 -262 fpm
Info Average altitude 25 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 76 ft agl 76 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-2.7 ° min to max 8.0 ° -0.0 7.3 °
07515022530037545052560067501530456176Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 90.71Touchdown point was 126 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 54 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -262 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 8.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 8 kt at 348 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Tailwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Touchdown rate was -262 fpm.
89 % Touchdown distance was 562 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 54 ktTarget below 57 kt
81 % Runway alignment max 8.38 m left8.29 m left 8.31 8.14 m
35 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.9 ° min to max 7.2 ° 4.0 7.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.24 g1.07 g min to max 1.44 g 1.07 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 56 kt54 kt min to max 58 kt 54 58 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-0.8 ° min to max 7.3 ° 7.3 -0.8 °

Takeoff

FailTaxi lightsOff
100.00Takeoff roll487 m · 59 %
100.00Liftoff speed66 kt · target 61, 5 fast
97.84Runway alignment3.64 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
93.70Rate of climb708 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

53.89Threshold height75 ft
80.00Threshold speed76 kt · target 63, 13 fast
83.60Centreline offset0.28 m L
Flare 0.00Very poor landing flare

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 300 ft gate: off the runway's 3° glideslope.

The approach, gate by gate

Gate Height Centreline Speed
THR 77 ft 11.13 m L +14 kt

Touchdown on KCDW 22

Past threshold88.58
562m
Centreline80.58
8.14m L
Speed100.00
54kttarget 61 or less
Touchdown rate94.40
-417fpm
Impact100.00
1.44G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,234 m of the approach.

75 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 75 ft, down at 562 m

Plan view — the full 1,234 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 562 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 562 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 562 m of 1,234 m · 46 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

This flight was conducted in a Cessna C172 aircraft, departing from runway 28 at KCDW Essex County Airport. Taxiing from the parking area to the runway took approximately 3 minutes and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The takeoff roll was successful, with a takeoff distance of 355 meters, which accounted for 43% of the runway length. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 66 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 19 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 7 knots from a direction of 345 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 7 knots and a headwind of 1 knot. The pilot then entered a right-hand pattern from runway 28, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile in 29 seconds.

As the aircraft continued in the right-hand pattern, it encountered a crosswind from runway 28, which it navigated in just 2 seconds. The pilot then executed a pattern downwind turn, covering a distance of 0 nautical miles and maintaining an angle of 22.9 degrees to the runway. The downwind leg itself was also short, lasting less than 1 nautical mile in 2 seconds.

The pilot then initiated a base leg turn, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile and maintaining an angle of 10.3 degrees to the runway. The final approach was made to runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport, with the aircraft approaching from the north-east at a heading of 207.0 degrees and an altitude of 236 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 22 was successful, with the aircraft touching down 124 meters beyond the touchdown zone. The touchdown speed was 54 knots, which was considered good, but the touchdown rate of -262 feet per minute was only fair. Additionally, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 8.4 meters from the centerline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 19 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 8 knots from a direction of 348 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 5 knots and a tailwind of 6 knots.

The total flight distance was 2 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 6 minutes. The aircraft used 2 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 28 at KCDW Essex County Airport in the Cessna 172
91.09 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
0 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
89.57 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 28 at KCDW Essex County Airport. Takeoff distance 355 m 43 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 66 kt. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 7 kt at 345 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 355 m using 42.99 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 66 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
97.84 %
3.64 m left to 2.37 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
0 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
0 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 40 10
Bank °
Info
3 1.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3.5 1
0250500-15-10-5051015 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
93.7 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 KCDW Essex County Airport.
Alignment
93.89 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 65 60
Bank °
80.92 %
10 6 2
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
14 10 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 450 -100
02505000918273645 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
000.010.010.020.0201123344557 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
000.010.010.020.02-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport in the Cessna 172
Landing Score 78.43 %
Landing Summary

The Cessna C172 aircraft successfully landed on runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport, but the landing was not without its challenges. The final approach was initiated from the north east, heading 207.0° at 0 nm and 236 ft above ground level (agl). The aircraft's performance during the landing was evaluated, and it scored 78.4%.

One of the key issues observed during the landing was the threshold height, which was well above the target height. This indicates that the aircraft touched down at a higher altitude than desired, which could have resulted in a longer rollout and potentially increased the risk of overrunning the runway. Additionally, the threshold speed was too high at 76 kt, which may have contributed to the aircraft's high touchdown point.

The touchdown point was 124 m beyond the touchdown zone, which is a significant deviation from the desired landing spot. However, the touchdown speed of 54 kt was good, indicating that the pilot was able to maintain control of the aircraft and make a smooth touchdown. The touchdown rate of -262 fpm was fair, suggesting that the pilot was able to slow the aircraft down quickly after touchdown.

Another issue observed during the landing was the runway touchdown position, which was misaligned by 8.4 m from the centreline. This could have resulted in a longer rollout and increased the risk of veering off the runway. The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were relatively calm, with a temperature of 19 °C and winds of 8 kt at 348°. The crosswind was 5 kt, and the tailwind was 6 kt, which may have contributed to the aircraft's misaligned touchdown.

Overall, while the Cessna C172 aircraft successfully landed on runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport, there were several areas for improvement. The pilot should focus on maintaining a more accurate threshold height and speed, as well as improving the runway touchdown position to ensure a safer and more controlled landing.

88.9 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 236 ft agl to 84 ft agl. A decrease of 153 ft in 10 seconds.
Glideslope
56.1 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
88.4 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
56.1 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
85 78 70
Alignment
88.4 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-285 -692 -1,100
00.250.50.751050100150200 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
55.67 %
Landing
Landing on runway 22 at KCDW Essex County Airport, runway length 1,234 m. Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was too high at 76 kt.
Height
53.89 %
Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
80 %
Threshold speed was too high at 76 kt. Target 60 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
83.6 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
88.37 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
76 63 50
Pitch °
Info
8 3 -2
Descent Rate fpm
Info
42 -479 -1,000
07515022530037545052560067501530456176 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675-15-12-9-6-303691215 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
90.71 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 126 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 54 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -262 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 8.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 8 kt at 348 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Tailwind: 6 kt.
Warning: Landed with a 6 kt tailwind
Touchdown
94.4 %
Touchdown rate was fair at -262 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 54 kt was good. Target below 57 kn
Distance
88.77 %
Touchdown point was 124 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
80.58 %
Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 8.4 m from centreline.
Bank
34.75 %
Bank angle 4.4 °
G
100 %
G 1.24 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Metrics
Metrics

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