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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Avoid steep turns at low altitude
Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 65 kt with 4.8° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 562 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 920 m of runway left; then climbing at 670 fpm on average to 562 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,730 m runway.
Rolled from 574 m in, never more than 1.5 m off the centreline. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 2.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 130 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 2.2 nm, never more than 95 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +16 kt on the approach speed of 65 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
4 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 55 kt. Touched down with the nose 7° left of the track, away from the wind, 5° of bank.
Wind 100° at 9 kt · 6 kt head · 4 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 52 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 693 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 21 ft, 29 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 162 m in, 143 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 693 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 460 fpm at 19 ft to 100 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 693 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.6 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.8 m right at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 162 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 11 at EKRK Copenhagen Roskilde Airport. The aircraft, a PA28 Warrior II, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 65 kt, covering a takeoff distance of 80 m, which is 5% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 19 °C and a wind speed of 9 kt from a direction of 100 °.
As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began to ascend from an initial altitude of 706 ft above sea level to a higher altitude of 1,246 ft, an increase of 541 ft in just 1 minute. This climb phase was completed while the aircraft was still in the vicinity of the airport, and it covered a distance of less than 1 nm. Following the initial climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, during which it maintained a steady altitude of 1,246 ft for 14 minutes, covering a distance of 13 nm.
The aircraft then began its descent from 1,170 ft above sea level to 478 ft, a decrease of 693 ft in just 2 minutes, covering a distance of less than 1 nm. This descent phase was initiated 1 mile east of Ringsted, a nearby town in Region Sjaelland, Denmark. Following the descent, the aircraft began another climb phase, this time from 470 ft above sea level to 1,295 ft, an increase of 825 ft in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nm.
The aircraft then entered another level cruise phase, this time lasting only 2 minutes, during which it covered a distance of less than 1 nm. The final approach to runway 05 at EKRS Ringsted Airfield was initiated from the south-west, with the aircraft heading 51.0 ° at an altitude of 683 ft above ground level and a distance of 2 nm from the runway threshold.
The landing on runway 05 at EKRS Ringsted Airfield was successful, with the aircraft touching down at a speed of 55 kt and a distance of 159 m, which is 23% of the runway length. The touchdown rate was smooth at -102 fpm, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were similar to those at the time of departure, with a temperature of 19 °C and a wind speed of 9 kt from a direction of 100 °.
The total landing distance was 357 m, which is 52% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was also very good, indicating a smooth and controlled landing. The total flight distance was 20 nm, and the flight duration was 23 minutes. The aircraft used a total of 7 kg of fuel during the flight.
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