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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26

Flight Score

82.83 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 32
22 Mar 2024 0:08 9 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
91.66 %
Enroute Score
84.28 %
Arrival Score
68.73 %

What went well

Touchdown 233 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 23 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 3.29 m off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 3 %, −4.57 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -3.1 ° at 0 %, Approach angle 7.6 ° at 46 %, −3.48 points
Enroute Climb — bounce on liftoff; bank angle up to 61.9 ° at 56 %, g force 0.60 to 1.91 g at 62 %, −2.37 points

Top opportunity

Reduce your height at the threshold

Arrival Landing

Even a modest height error carries straight through to the touchdown. Geometry alone says that crossing the threshold 10 feet high on a 3° path moves your touchdown roughly 190 feet further down the runway before the flare adds anything.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 13 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 83.25Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
89 % Liftoff speed was 73 knTarget 62 kn
27 % Runway alignment max 24.07 m23.02 m left to 1.04 m right -1.04 4.03 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 0.97 1.11 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.3 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.2 0.8 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 98.84Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn72 kn min to max 74 kn 73 72 kn
96 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.9 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.9 3.4 °
98 % Average g force 1.25 g1.20 g min to max 1.29 g 1.25 1.20 g
Info Average VSI 787 ft/m416 ft/m min to max 1,144 ft/m 416 1,144 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °4.6 ° min to max 13.8 ° 4.6 13.8 °
Departure Climb 2 94.57Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.7 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 67 kn52 kn min to max 72 kn 72 60 kn
81 % Average bank angle 5.6 °3.5 ° min to max 9.0 ° 3.5 9.0 °
92 % Average g force 1.09 g0.61 g min to max 1.20 g 1.20 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 1,410 ft/m-215 ft/m min to max 2,050 ft/m 1,170 -215 ft/m
Info Average altitude 104 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 259 ft agl 44 248 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.8 °-0.5 ° min to max 20.1 ° 14.0 1.6 °
Enroute Climb 78.70Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,292 ft asl to 3,610 ft asl, an increase of 2,318 ft in 4 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 83 kn45 kn min to max 109 kn 62 77 kn
56 % Average bank angle 4.9 °0.0 ° min to max 61.9 ° 9.4 19.8 °
62 % Average g force 1.02 g0.60 g min to max 1.91 g 1.15 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 551 ft/m-2,480 ft/m min to max 2,219 ft/m -156 1,769 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,201 ft asl1,292 ft asl min to max 3,610 ft asl 1,292 3,610 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °-12.1 ° min to max 21.0 ° 3.5 10.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 262 ft agl · 72 kt
Enroute Level 79.24Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Average altitude 3,357 ft asl2,924 ft asl min to max 3,642 ft asl 3,631 3,502 ft asl
100 % Average speed 103 kn75 kn min to max 136 kn 75 88 kn
57 % Average bank angle 32.6 °0.1 ° min to max 61.6 ° 31.6 1.8 °
77 % Average g force 1.13 g0.77 g min to max 1.65 g 0.81 0.78 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -7.5 °-24.3 ° min to max 14.8 ° 7.6 6.3 °
Enroute Descent 94.90Enroute descent started 3 miles north west of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,566 ft asl to 2,811 ft asl, a decrease of 756 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 101 kn84 kn min to max 122 kn 94 84 kn
90 % Average bank angle 12.1 °0.2 ° min to max 45.2 ° 0.9 0.5 °
91 % Average g force 1.06 g0.59 g min to max 1.31 g 0.87 0.59 g
Info Average VSI -558 ft/m-3,106 ft/m min to max 226 ft/m 16 -583 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,121 ft asl2,811 ft asl min to max 3,566 ft asl 3,566 2,811 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-12.2 ° min to max 1.9 ° -1.8 -7.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,852 ft agl · 100 kt
Arrival 87.77Arrival started 3 miles north west of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 86 kn63 kn min to max 95 kn 84 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.1 ° min to max 18.3 ° 0.6 8.0 °
39 % Average g force 0.96 g0.58 g min to max 2.32 g 0.73 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -1,704 ft/m-3,106 ft/m min to max 560 ft/m -1,176 -2,684 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,001 ft asl1,380 ft asl min to max 2,786 ft asl 2,786 1,380 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -10.6 °-20.3 ° min to max 5.6 ° -10.6 -16.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 58.27Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 319 ft agl to 117 ft agl. A decrease of 201 ft in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
46 % Approach angle 7.6 °6.5 ° min to max 9.7 °Target 3.0 ° 7.1 6.6 °
100 % Average speed 62 kn50 kn min to max 73 kn 73 62 kn
0 % Heading variation -3.1 °-3.8 ° min to max -1.7 ° -3.6 -1.7 °
62 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.2 ° min to max 17.0 ° 7.1 3.2 °
67 % Average g force 1.15 g0.33 g min to max 1.83 g 1.56 1.20 g
Info Average VSI -1,128 ft/m-2,491 ft/m min to max 881 ft/m -2,057 -747 ft/m
Info Average altitude 241 ft agl117 ft agl min to max 346 ft agl 319 117 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.6 °-21.6 ° min to max 17.3 ° -8.0 -0.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 45.16Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Threshold height at 106 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was good at 61 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 61 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
3 % Landing and flare profile
62 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -1.4 -0.0 °
91 % Average bank angle 5.0 °3.5 ° min to max 5.4 ° 3.5 5.4 °
82 % Average g force 1.00 g0.71 g min to max 1.57 g 0.86 1.09 g
Info Average speed 62 kn60 kn min to max 62 kn 61 61 kn
Info Average VSI -1,062 ft/m-1,330 ft/m min to max -670 ft/m -692 -827 ft/m
Info Average altitude 36 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 106 ft agl 106 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.7 °-10.7 ° min to max -0.0 ° -3.0 -1.4 °
075150225021426385106Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 72.30Touchdown distance was good at 220 m. Touchdown speed at 61 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -827 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
18 % Touchdown VSI was -827 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 220 mTarget 457 m
86 % Speed at touchdown 61 knTarget 53 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 3.86 m1.44 m left -0.63 3.22 m
57 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 5.4 ° 5.4 0.7 °
58 % Average g force 1.08 g0.64 g min to max 1.99 g 1.09 0.65 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 55 kn50 kn min to max 61 kn 61 51 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °-7.4 ° min to max 9.0 ° -1.4 -7.4 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 9 ft agl · 59 kt
Arrival Rollout 99.19Total landing distance 406 m, 33 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 406 m33 % of runway.
98 % Runway alignment max 3.54 m3.54 m left to 0.00 m left 3.50 3.29 m
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.17 g 1.17 1.00 g
Info Average speed 39 kn30 kn min to max 47 kn 47 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 2 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kn6 kn min to max 24 kn 24 6 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl · 6 kt

Takeoff

83.25 %
100.00Takeoff roll820 m · 39 %
89.08Liftoff speed72 kt
27.18Runway alignment4.03 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
98.84Rate of climb786 ft/m
Takeoff weight997 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn · 0 kn cross

Approach

58.27 %
Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
0.00Threshold height105 ft
100.00Threshold speed61 kt
62.00Centreline offset0.44 m R

Touchdown

72.30 %
100.00Touchdown point233 m
99.36Centreline at touchdown3.22 m L
18.19Sink rate-827 ft/m
57.71Touchdown force1.99 G
FailBounces1
99.19Rollout distance60 m · 23 % used
Landing weight992 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind272° · 1 kn

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 32

Past threshold
233 m
Off centreline
3.22 mL
Sink rate
-827 ft/m
Impact
1.99G

Side view — the last 1,242 m of the approach.

105 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 105 ft, down at 233 m

Plan view — the full 1,242 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 233 m past threshold CLEARED

The 233 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.99 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 293 m of 1,242 m · 24 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
91.66 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
0 %
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 0.5 0
83.25 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
89.08 %
Liftoff speed was 73 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
27.18 %
23.02 m left to 1.04 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
4 2 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
02505007501,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
98.84 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 75 70
Bank °
96.26 %
4 2 0
G
97.71 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
14 9 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,200 550 -100
94.57 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 65 50
Bank °
81.47 %
10 6.5 3
G
92 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
21 11 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
2,100 900 -300
02505007501,000051102153204255 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.010.030.040.050.070100200 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.010.030.040.050.07-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 68.73 %
Landing Summary

Overall, this aircraft landing was characterized by several key issues throughout the different phases of the landing sequence.

During the Approach Phase, the aircraft displayed poor descent path control above the glideslope limit, indicating that the descent was steeper than necessary. Additionally, the aircraft exhibited poor heading alignment, which could have contributed to the issues with runway alignment in later phases. However, the speed was on target during this phase.

Moving on to the Landing Phase, there were significant concerns with the approach to the runway. The threshold height was excessively high, which could have led to a longer landing distance. Additionally, the landing flare was very poor, indicating that the aircraft likely did not smoothly transition from descent to touchdown. The poor bank angle stability during landing may have contributed to the issues with runway alignment and touchdown distance.

In the Touchdown Phase, the aircraft experienced a very heavy touchdown rate, indicating a potentially hard landing. The speed was also above target during this phase, which could have contributed to the heavy touchdown. The touchdown distance inside the touchdown zone suggests that the aircraft may have touched down earlier than intended, while the runway touchdown position being 3.2 meters from the centerline indicates poor alignment.

Finally, the Rollout Phase showed that the runway alignment continued to be an issue, with the aircraft being 3.5 meters from the centerline. This could have been a continuation of the poor heading alignment seen in the Approach Phase.

In conclusion, this aircraft landing demonstrated a series of issues throughout the different phases, including poor descent path control, heading alignment, landing flare, touchdown rate, speed control, and runway alignment. These factors combined to create a landing that was not optimal and may have posed safety risks.

58.27 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 319 ft agl to 117 ft agl. A decrease of 201 ft in 13 seconds.
Glideslope
45.69 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
0 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
45.69 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
73 56 40
Alignment
0 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
62.23 %
18 9 0
G
66.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
881 -809 -2,500
00.250.50.751050100150200250300 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-90-68-45-23023456890 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
45.16 %
Landing
Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Threshold height at 106 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was good at 61 kn.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 106 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was good at 61 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
3.07 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
62 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
91.1 %
6 4.5 3
G
81.71 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
62 61 60
Pitch °
Info
1 -4.5 -10
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-671 -1,035 -1,400
075150225021426385106 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
72.3 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 220 m. Touchdown speed at 61 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -827 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Bounce on touchdown.
Touchdown
18.19 %
Touchdown rate was very heavy at -827 ft/m.
Speed
85.51 %
Touchdown speed at 61 kt was fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 220 m.
Alignment
99.36 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline.
Bank
57.25 %
Bank angle 1.3 °
G
57.71 %
G 1.08 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
99.18 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 406 m, 33 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 406 m using 32.72 % of runway
Alignment
98.19 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
39 30 20
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
0200400 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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