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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

82.83 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 32
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight992 kg
Fuel71 kg
Wind272° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
22 Mar 2024 0:08 9 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
91.66 %
Enroute Score
84.28 %
Arrival Score
68.73 %

What went well

Touchdown 233 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 23 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 3.29 m off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 3 %, −4.57 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -3.1 ° at 0 %, Approach angle 7.6 ° at 46 %, −3.48 points
Enroute Climb — bounce on liftoff; bank angle up to 61.9 ° at 56 %, g force 0.60 to 1.91 g at 62 %, −2.37 points

Next time

Reduce your height at the threshold

See Arrival Landing

Even a modest height error carries straight through to the touchdown. Geometry alone says that crossing the threshold 10 feet high on a 3° path moves your touchdown roughly 190 feet further down the runway before the flare adds anything.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 13 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 83.25Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
89 % Liftoff speed was 73 knTarget 62 kn
27 % Runway alignment max 24.07 m23.02 m left to 1.04 m right -1.04 4.03 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 0.97 1.11 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.3 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.2 0.8 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 98.84Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn72 kn min to max 74 kn 73 72 kn
96 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.9 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.9 3.4 °
98 % Average g force 1.25 g1.20 g min to max 1.29 g 1.25 1.20 g
Info Average VSI 787 ft/m416 ft/m min to max 1,144 ft/m 416 1,144 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °4.6 ° min to max 13.8 ° 4.6 13.8 °
Departure Climb 2 94.57Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.7 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 67 kn52 kn min to max 72 kn 72 60 kn
81 % Average bank angle 5.6 °3.5 ° min to max 9.0 ° 3.5 9.0 °
92 % Average g force 1.09 g0.61 g min to max 1.20 g 1.20 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 1,410 ft/m-215 ft/m min to max 2,050 ft/m 1,170 -215 ft/m
Info Average altitude 104 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 259 ft agl 44 248 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.8 °-0.5 ° min to max 20.1 ° 14.0 1.6 °
Enroute Climb 78.70Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,292 ft asl to 3,610 ft asl, an increase of 2,318 ft in 4 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 83 kn45 kn min to max 109 kn 62 77 kn
56 % Average bank angle 4.9 °0.0 ° min to max 61.9 ° 9.4 19.8 °
62 % Average g force 1.02 g0.60 g min to max 1.91 g 1.15 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 551 ft/m-2,480 ft/m min to max 2,219 ft/m -156 1,769 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,201 ft asl1,292 ft asl min to max 3,610 ft asl 1,292 3,610 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °-12.1 ° min to max 21.0 ° 3.5 10.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 262 ft agl · 72 kt
Enroute Level 79.24Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Average altitude 3,357 ft asl2,924 ft asl min to max 3,642 ft asl 3,631 3,502 ft asl
100 % Average speed 103 kn75 kn min to max 136 kn 75 88 kn
57 % Average bank angle 32.6 °0.1 ° min to max 61.6 ° 31.6 1.8 °
77 % Average g force 1.13 g0.77 g min to max 1.65 g 0.81 0.78 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -7.5 °-24.3 ° min to max 14.8 ° 7.6 6.3 °
Enroute Descent 94.90Enroute descent started 3 miles north west of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,566 ft asl to 2,811 ft asl, a decrease of 756 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 101 kn84 kn min to max 122 kn 94 84 kn
90 % Average bank angle 12.1 °0.2 ° min to max 45.2 ° 0.9 0.5 °
91 % Average g force 1.06 g0.59 g min to max 1.31 g 0.87 0.59 g
Info Average VSI -558 ft/m-3,106 ft/m min to max 226 ft/m 16 -583 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,121 ft asl2,811 ft asl min to max 3,566 ft asl 3,566 2,811 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-12.2 ° min to max 1.9 ° -1.8 -7.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,852 ft agl · 100 kt
Arrival 87.77Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles north west of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 86 kn63 kn min to max 95 kn 84 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.1 ° min to max 18.3 ° 0.6 8.0 °
39 % Average g force 0.96 g0.58 g min to max 2.32 g 0.73 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -1,704 ft/m-3,106 ft/m min to max 560 ft/m -1,176 -2,684 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,001 ft asl1,380 ft asl min to max 2,786 ft asl 2,786 1,380 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -10.6 °-20.3 ° min to max 5.6 ° -10.6 -16.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 58.27Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 319 ft agl to 117 ft agl. A decrease of 201 ft in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
46 % Approach angle 7.6 °6.5 ° min to max 9.7 °Target 3.0 ° 7.1 6.6 °
100 % Average speed 62 kn50 kn min to max 73 kn 73 62 kn
0 % Heading variation -3.1 °-3.8 ° min to max -1.7 ° -3.6 -1.7 °
62 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.2 ° min to max 17.0 ° 7.1 3.2 °
67 % Average g force 1.15 g0.33 g min to max 1.83 g 1.56 1.20 g
Info Average VSI -1,128 ft/m-2,491 ft/m min to max 881 ft/m -2,057 -747 ft/m
Info Average altitude 241 ft agl117 ft agl min to max 346 ft agl 319 117 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.6 °-21.6 ° min to max 17.3 ° -8.0 -0.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 45.16Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Threshold height at 106 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was good at 61 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 61 kn. Target 63 kn
3 % Landing and flare profile
62 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -1.4 -0.0 °
91 % Average bank angle 5.0 °3.5 ° min to max 5.4 ° 3.5 5.4 °
82 % Average g force 1.00 g0.71 g min to max 1.57 g 0.86 1.09 g
Info Average speed 62 kn60 kn min to max 62 kn 61 61 kn
Info Average VSI -1,062 ft/m-1,330 ft/m min to max -670 ft/m -692 -827 ft/m
Info Average altitude 36 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 106 ft agl 106 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.7 °-10.7 ° min to max -0.0 ° -3.0 -1.4 °
075150225021426385106Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 72.30Touchdown distance was good at 220 m. Touchdown speed at 61 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -827 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
18 % Touchdown VSI was -827 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 220 mTarget 457 m
86 % Speed at touchdown 61 knTarget 53 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 3.86 m1.44 m left -0.63 3.22 m
57 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 5.4 ° 5.4 0.7 °
58 % Average g force 1.08 g0.64 g min to max 1.99 g 1.09 0.65 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 55 kn50 kn min to max 61 kn 61 51 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °-7.4 ° min to max 9.0 ° -1.4 -7.4 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 9 ft agl · 59 kt
Arrival Rollout 99.19Total landing distance 406 m, 33 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 406 m33 % of runway.
98 % Runway alignment max 3.54 m3.54 m left to 0.00 m left 3.50 3.29 m
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.17 g 1.17 1.00 g
Info Average speed 39 kn30 kn min to max 47 kn 47 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 2 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kn6 kn min to max 24 kn 24 6 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl · 6 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 72 kt with 4.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030025°13°0°LIFTOFF4.6° off13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.5° 0 s
Liftoff644 m 72 kt 4.6° 28.7 s
35 ft736 m · 2.2 s after liftoff 73 kt 12.9° 30.9 s
End of the climb1,085 m · 250 ft 60 kt 1.6° 41.9 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
820m39 %
Liftoff speed89.08
72kt
Runway alignment27.18
23.02m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.84
786fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 250 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,198 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,130 fpm on average to 250 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 72 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 191 m in, drifted 23 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 23.15 m LROLL 191 M INAirborne 835 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 835 m of 2,124 m · 39 %
Behind the start of the roll, 191 mTakeoff roll, 644 m Left ahead, 1,290 m

The approach to CYKF 32

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 460 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND476
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to 0.4 nm, then 109 m right of it from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND77 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 32

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
105ft
Threshold speed100.00
61kt
Centreline offset62.00
0.44m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
233m
Centreline99.36
3.22m L
Speed85.51
60kt
Touchdown rate18.19
-827fpm
Impact57.71
1.99G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 5° of bank.

Wind 272° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,242 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 105 ft, 55 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 233 m in, 72 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,242 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

105 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −827 fpm · −1.4° nose down · 61 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 105 ft, down at 233 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 690 fpm at 108 ft to 0 fpm at 78 ft, then back up to 830 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,250−2,500−11°−0°10°touchdown−827 fpm at touchdown−1.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,242 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.2 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 1.5 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 233 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 233 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.99 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 293 m of 1,242 m · 24 %
In the air over the runway, 233 mRollout, 60 m Left over, 949 m
Rollout distance100.00
60m23 % used
Rollout alignment98.19
3.54m L

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