Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Add power on final to keep the approach speed at 94 kt rather than letting it decay before the threshold.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 78 kt, 16 kt below the target, and touchdown followed with a firm, high sink rate arrival. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries through to a firmer touchdown as the flare runs out of energy.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 94 kt at the threshold.
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 82 kt, 4 kt below the 86 kt target, and lifted off at 86 kt 1.7 s later, the nose coming up at 3.3° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 686 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 85 m of runway left; then climbing at 790 fpm on average to 686 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,866 m runway.
Rolled from 1,275 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 3.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 3.3 m left. Airborne 77 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.1 nm out at 110 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.3 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 70 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 1.3 nm, where the final began, to 1.1 nm, then drifted 53 m right between 1.1 and 0.7 nm, then inside the band from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 47 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 28 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Slow from 1.3 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to −16 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 395 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 71 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 30 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 35 ft, 15 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft. Touched down 395 m in, 90 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 280 fpm at the flare to 50 fpm at 6 ft, then back up to 180 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,866 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.6 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 395 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone.
The rest of the report
The Pilatus PC-12 departed from runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport. Take-off used 1,447 m, 78 % of the runway, with rotation at 82 kt. Local weather was 16 °C, wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt head-wind and 1 kt cross-wind.
Initial climb to 400 ft agl lasted 50 seconds, averaging 836 fpm and reaching 122 kt at the top of the climb.
The aircraft entered a left-hand circuit for runway 23. The downwind leg was 4 nm and was flown in 114 seconds at 950 ft agl. The base leg was less than 1 nm and was completed in 32 seconds.
On final approach to runway 23, descent from 404 ft agl to 42 ft agl was made in 60 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, and wings level; they were not met for centreline and speed.
Landing was on runway 23, whose length is 1,866 m. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 78 kt. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 395 m down the runway at 72 kt and a rate of -176 fpm; alignment on touchdown was perfect and no bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,106 m, 59 % of the runway, with rollout alignment perfect. Local weather at landing was 15 °C, wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt head-wind and 1 kt cross-wind.
The flight covered 11 nm in 6 minutes and consumed 19 kg of fuel.
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