Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use coordinated aileron input to level the wings and hold bank angle close to wings-level during the climb.
What happened: During the initial climb, your average bank angle drifted to 4.9°.
Watch for: Attitude indicator, bank angle near wings-level
Arrival
Make one smooth, continuous back-pressure through the flare to about 3.7° nose-up, holding it steady rather than pumping the elevator before touchdown.
What happened: The flare was pumped, with pitch reversing several times as the sink was most arrested at 7.4 ft; pumped flares like this usually carry through to a firm touchdown, which happened here at 258 fpm.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: hold a steady nose-up pitch of 3.7° through the flare, smoothly to touchdown.
Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 15 stages, 12 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 69 kt, on the 67 kt target, and lifted off at 75 kt 1.0 s later, the nose coming up at 3.4° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 27 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 3,671 m runway.
Rolled from 64 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 9 m at the widest, and lifted off 9.1 m left, in 7 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 9 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.1 nm out at 110 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Early: turned crosswind before the end of the runway, at 1,048 ft.
Upwind (departure). Climb straight ahead on the extended centreline. Don't turn early. A curved departure leg makes every subsequent leg unrepeatable.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.9 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 270 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 671 m left of the centreline at 1.9 nm, then inside the band from 1.0 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −0 kt and +14 kt on the approach speed of 68 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 3 times on the way down. Touchdown was 463 m past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.
8 kt across from the left, which takes about 8° of crab to hold the centreline at 60 kt. Touched down with the nose 9° into wind, 5° of bank.
Wind 200° at 10 kt · 7 kt head · 8 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 49 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 30 ft. Touched down 463 m in, 158 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 370 fpm at the flare to 30 fpm at 7 ft, then back up to 260 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,671 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 4 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 0.6 m right by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 463 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.23 G arrival bounced 2 times.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 208B taxied from the parking area to runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport in less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 23L, the aircraft accelerated to a liftoff speed of 75 kt and became airborne after a takeoff run of 337 m, representing 9 % of the runway length; ambient temperature was 14 °C with a wind from 200° at 10 kt, including an 8 kt cross-wind component and a 6 kt head-wind component.
The aircraft entered a left-hand pattern for runway 23L, flying a distance of less than 1 nm in 64 seconds before commencing the cross-wind segment.
The left-hand cross-wind leg was flown for 1 nm and was completed in 41 seconds.
A downwind turn was executed, covering 2 nm while turning to an angle of 106.8° relative to the runway heading.
The downwind leg extended for 3 nm and was flown in 91 seconds.
Subsequently, the base-leg turn was performed over a distance of 2 nm, aligning the aircraft to an angle of 9.3° to the runway.
On final approach from the east, the aircraft was established on a heading of 254.0° at 1 nm and 461 ft AGL; it then descended from 932 ft AGL to 64 ft AGL in 90 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gates.
Touchdown occurred on runway 23L, whose total length is 3 671 m; the threshold speed was 68 kt, the touchdown point was 462 m from the threshold at a speed of 60 kt, and the vertical speed was minus 186 fpm. The touchdown point was offset 5.9 m to the right of the centreline. Weather at landing was 13 °C with a wind from 200° at 16 kt, including a 12 kt cross-wind and a 10 kt head-wind component.
The rollout covered a total landing distance of 892 m, representing 24 % of the runway, and the aircraft remained well aligned with the centreline during deceleration.
In total, the flight covered 10 nm, required a duration of 6 (unspecified units), and consumed 19 kg of fuel.
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