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CYDC
Princeton, Canada
Runway 04
Elevation2,293 ft asl
Weight1,177 kg
Fuel89 kg
WindCalm

Flight Score

93.57 %
CAD4
Trail, Canada
Runway 34
Elevation1,414 ft asl
Weight1,144 kg
Fuel85 kg
5 Aug 2023 1:12 129 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 4 kg
Departure Score
94.08 %
Enroute Score
97.38 %
Arrival Score
87.46 %

What went well

Touched down at -30 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 476 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.27 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Taxi — landing lights on should be off, then taxi light off should be on; peak taxi speed 52 kt at 0 %, g force 0.48 to 1.13 g at 85 %, −2.31 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 60 %, −1.11 points
Departure Climb 2 — bounce on liftoff; bank angle up to 16.1 ° at 63 %, −0.96 points
Departure Roll — taxi light on should off; Takeoff distance 3,753 m at 0 %, g force 0.01 to 0.91 g at 58 %, −0.90 points

Next time

Know your rotation speed

See Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 15 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kn0 kn min to max 16 kn 0 16 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 knmax 7 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.81 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °3.2 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.0 4.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 89.22Departure roll runway 04 at CYDC Princeton. Takeoff distance 3,753 m 314 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 60 kn. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 0 kn at 225 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 3,753 m314 % of runway
68 % Liftoff speed was 60 knTarget 70 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 1.79 m1.79 m left to 0.00 m left 0.94 1.70 m
58 % Average g force 0.46 g0.01 g min to max 0.91 g 0.87 0.01 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.7 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.1 4.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.1 3.8 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 98.64Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 04 CYDC Princeton.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.3 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn61 kn min to max 77 kn 61 77 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.1 ° 3.9 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.02 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 231 ft/m155 ft/m min to max 391 ft/m 241 391 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 0 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °4.8 ° min to max 6.6 ° 4.9 6.6 °
Departure Climb 2 88.47Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 04 CYDC Princeton.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.7 ° -0.1 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 78 kn77 kn min to max 84 kn 77 84 kn
63 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.6 ° min to max 16.1 ° 0.6 15.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 595 ft/m396 ft/m min to max 962 ft/m 396 934 ft/m
Info Average altitude 89 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 292 ft agl 49 292 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °6.6 ° min to max 8.3 ° 6.6 7.8 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 102 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 71 ft agl · 86 kt
Enroute Climb 90.07Enroute climb started overhead Princeton (Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen, British Columbia, Canada). Climbing from 2,601 ft asl to 9,964 ft asl, an increase of 7,363 ft in 9 minutes and covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
75 % Climb speed 105 kn85 kn min to max 117 knTarget 90 kn 85 110 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.0 ° min to max 19.4 ° 15.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.81 g min to max 1.04 g 0.96 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 807 ft/m251 ft/m min to max 1,685 ft/m 922 543 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,914 ft asl2,601 ft asl min to max 9,964 ft asl 2,601 9,964 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °1.2 ° min to max 8.0 ° 7.8 2.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 899 ft agl · 107 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Hedley (British Columbia, Canada) and lasted 33 minutes, covering 85 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 10,063 ft asl10,052 ft asl min to max 10,090 ft asl 10,064 10,065 ft asl
100 % Average speed 150 kn131 kn min to max 160 kn 131 150 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 22.5 ° 0.4 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.86 g min to max 1.07 g 0.95 0.94 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-2.5 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 -0.6 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles west of Rossland (Regional District of Kootenay-Boundary, British Columbia, Canada). Descent from 9,984 ft asl to 2,498 ft asl, a decrease of 7,486 ft in 10 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 167 kn150 kn min to max 193 kn 153 150 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.9 °0.0 ° min to max 33.3 ° 0.1 8.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.86 g min to max 1.18 g 0.96 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -932 ft/m-2,753 ft/m min to max 371 ft/m -742 -432 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,299 ft asl2,498 ft asl min to max 9,984 ft asl 9,984 2,498 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.6 °-9.1 ° min to max -0.2 ° -2.8 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 99.45Enroute level cruise started overhead Northport (Stevens County, Washington, United States) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Average altitude 2,370 ft asl2,033 ft asl min to max 2,559 ft asl 2,489 2,033 ft asl
100 % Average speed 122 kn116 kn min to max 150 kn 150 117 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.0 °0.0 ° min to max 13.8 ° 9.0 10.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.91 g min to max 1.06 g 0.93 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-2.5 ° min to max 2.2 ° -2.3 -0.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,260 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 737 ft agl · 118 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Northport (Stevens County, Washington, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 103 kn97 kn min to max 109 kn 109 97 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.1 °3.9 ° min to max 11.4 ° 10.6 7.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.91 g min to max 1.00 g 0.93 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -276 ft/m-333 ft/m min to max -231 ft/m -231 -274 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,995 ft asl1,964 ft asl min to max 2,030 ft asl 2,030 1,964 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-3.2 ° min to max -0.9 ° -0.9 -2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 6 678 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Flaps Position 9 604 ft agl · 109 kt
Arrival Final 2 97.54Approaching runway 34 at CAD4 Trail from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 545 ft agl to 346 ft agl. A decrease of 199 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.7 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 88 kn83 kn min to max 96 kn 96 83 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.3 0.2 °
88 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 7.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.91 g min to max 1.00 g 0.94 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -368 ft/m-520 ft/m min to max -207 ft/m -287 -438 ft/m
Info Average altitude 455 ft agl346 ft agl min to max 545 ft agl 545 346 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.1 ° min to max -1.6 ° -2.9 -2.5 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 96.17Approaching runway 34 at CAD4 Trail from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 339 ft agl to 40 ft agl. A decrease of 299 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Approach angle 2.5 °2.1 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 75 kn70 kn min to max 84 kn 83 70 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.1 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.88 g min to max 1.01 g 0.95 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -481 ft/m-632 ft/m min to max -408 ft/m -432 -408 ft/m
Info Average altitude 98 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 339 ft agl 339 40 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-3.7 ° min to max -0.4 ° -2.5 -0.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 80.03Landing on runway 34 at CAD4 Trail, runway length 1,210 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 70 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 70 kn. Target 70 kn
60 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.85 g min to max 1.09 g 0.92 0.97 g
Info Average speed 61 kn48 kn min to max 70 kn 70 48 kn
Info Average VSI -158 ft/m-411 ft/m min to max -17 ft/m -408 -30 ft/m
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 29 ft agl 29 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °-0.6 ° min to max 6.2 ° -0.6 6.2 °
07515022530037545052501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.34Touchdown distance was good at 475 m. Touchdown speed at 48 kn was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -30 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 3 kn at 344 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -30 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 475 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 48 knTarget 55 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.27 m0.23 m left 0.16 0.27 m
76 % Average bank angle 1.4 °1.2 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.3 1.2 °
71 % Average g force 0.55 g0.24 g min to max 0.97 g 0.97 0.24 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 48 kn47 kn min to max 48 kn 48 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °6.2 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.2 6.7 °
Arrival Rollout 95.24Total landing distance 902 m, 75 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 902 m75 % of runway.
98 % Runway alignment max 2.09 m2.01 m left to 0.08 m right 0.27 1.58 m
60 % Average g force 0.32 g0.05 g min to max 0.71 g 0.20 0.71 g
Info Average speed 49 kn30 kn min to max 55 kn 55 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.9 ° min to max 7.0 ° 6.8 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 4 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kn3 kn min to max 29 kn 29 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.2 ° min to max 5.1 ° 5.1 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.97 g0.76 g min to max 1.13 g 0.82 0.94 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3 ft agl
Arrival Taxi 58.46Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 57 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 7 kn0 kn min to max 52 kn 8 52 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 5 knmax 10 kn 0 0 kn
85 % Average g force 0.97 g0.48 g min to max 1.13 g 0.96 0.48 g
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °2.9 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.7 3.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights ON should be OFF
Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 60 kt with 4.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.9° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 6 kt 4.1° 0 s
Liftoff288 m 60 kt 4.9° 11.1 s
35 ft673 m · 9.3 s after liftoff 76 kt 6.3° 20.4 s
End of the climb1,539 m · 285 ft 84 kt 7.8° 39.3 s

Takeoff from CYDC 04

Takeoff roll100.00
323m27 %
Liftoff speed68.15
60kt
Runway alignment99.09
1.79m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.64
230fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 285 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 486 m of runway left; then climbing at 610 fpm on average to 285 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 60 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,196 m runway.

Rolled from 38 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 1.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.7 m left. Airborne 27 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.77 m LROLL 38 M INAirborne 325 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 325 m of 1,196 m · 27 %
Behind the start of the roll, 38 mTakeoff roll, 288 m Left ahead, 871 m

The approach to CAD4 34

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 180 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND581504378220
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 535 m left of the centreline at 2.5 nm, then inside the band from 2.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND48 m L5 m R10 m L1 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CAD4 34

Over the threshold

Threshold height65.38
29ft
Threshold speed94.74
70kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.01m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
476m
Centreline100.00
0.27m L
Speed100.00
48kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-30fpm
Impact70.86
0.97G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 56 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 427 mtouchdown444 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,210 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 476 m in, 171 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,210 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

29 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −29 fpm · 6.2° nose up · 48 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 29 ft, down at 476 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 410 fpm at 31 ft to 30 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−29 fpm at touchdown6.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,210 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 10 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 476 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 476 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 0.97 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 885 m of 1,210 m · 73 %
In the air over the runway, 476 mRollout, 409 m Left over, 325 m
Rollout distance100.00
409m73 % used
Rollout alignment98.31
2.01m L

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