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EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight3,127 kg
Fuel401 kg
Wind210° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

95.66 %
EDDM
Munich, Germany
Runway 26R
Elevation1,467 ft asl
Weight2,984 kg
Fuel248 kg
Wind263° · 3 kn
12 Sep 2026 1:16 226 nm TBM 850 154 kg
Departure Score
97.96 %
Enroute Score
91.20 %
Arrival Score
97.82 %

What went well

Touched down at -96 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 47 ft and 89 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 1.08 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Enroute Level — stall warning; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 104.4 ° at 0 %, −2.93 points
Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 86 %, 500 ft gate 100 %, −0.48 points
Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 119 kt against 138 kt at 87 %, −0.35 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, −0.33 points

Next time

Departure

Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 138 kt.

What happened: Climb speed was 119 kt against a target of 138 kt, running 19 kt slow through the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 138 kt.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Adjust your approach path so you touch down at the 457 m aim point instead of beyond it.

What happened: Touchdown point came 228 m past the target, landing at 685 m against the 457 m aim point. Landings that touch down this far beyond the aim point typically leave less runway available for stopping.

Watch for: Touchdown distance marker: 457 m from the threshold.

See Arrival Touchdown

The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 8 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 1 13 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 17 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.6 ° -0.8 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 3 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 18 at EDDF Frankfurt Airport, Average speed was 16 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt13 kt min to max 20 kt 13 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °1.3 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 95.00Departure roll runway 18 at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance 753 m 19 % of runway. Rotation speed was 92 kt. Local weather - Temperature 14 °C. Wind 1 kt at 210 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 753 m19 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 92 ktTarget 89 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.11 m left2.11 m left to 0.58 m right 1.81 -0.41 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.14 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° 1.3 6.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 18 EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 98 kt95 kt min to max 100 kt 95 100 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 3.2 °0.2 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.2 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.81 g min to max 1.22 g 1.18 0.81 g
Info Average VSI 664 fpm371 fpm min to max 921 fpm 371 912 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 0 34 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °6.6 ° min to max 10.8 ° 6.6 7.1 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 18 EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.5 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -1.5 °
100 % Average speed 105 kt100 kt min to max 118 kt 100 117 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.4 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.1 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.81 g min to max 1.10 g 0.81 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 870 fpm749 fpm min to max 2,077 fpm 908 2,077 fpm
Info Average altitude 92 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 350 ft agl 35 350 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °6.0 ° min to max 12.6 ° 7.1 12.3 °
Departure Climb 3 94.79Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 18 EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Climb speed 119 kt115 kt min to max 123 ktTarget 138 kt, 19 kt slow 116 122 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 0.6 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.57 g min to max 1.23 g 0.57 1.09 g
100 % Landing gear up at 5 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -2.6 °-3.4 ° min to max -1.7 ° -1.7 -3.4 °
Info Average VSI 1,486 fpm744 fpm min to max 2,030 fpm 1,942 1,825 fpm
Info Average altitude 688 ft agl385 ft agl min to max 952 ft agl 385 952 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °6.0 ° min to max 12.7 ° 7.6 12.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 793 ft agl · 120 kt
Enroute Climb 99.99Enroute climb started 2 miles west of Moerfelden-Walldorf (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,315 ft asl to 3,878 ft asl, an increase of 2,562 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 135 kt112 kt min to max 153 kt 121 112 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 24.1 °0.0 ° min to max 24.1 ° 0.5 9.8 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.36 g 1.08 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 991 fpm-217 fpm min to max 2,261 fpm 2,028 1,480 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,946 ft asl1,315 ft asl min to max 3,878 ft asl 1,315 3,878 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °1.3 ° min to max 14.2 ° 13.6 10.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,351 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,973 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,550 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,574 ft agl · 132 kt
Enroute Level 38.42Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Erzhausen (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Altitude held within ±695 ft of 4,383 ft asl3,857 ft asl min to max 5,219 ft asl 3,902 3,886 ft asl
0 % Average speed 119 kt68 kt min to max 174 kt 111 168 kt
0 % Steepest bank angle 104.4 °0.2 ° min to max 104.4 ° 12.5 2.9 °
94 % Average g force 1.14 g0.51 g min to max 2.07 g 0.99 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-21.2 ° min to max 20.9 ° 10.6 6.2 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 4,981 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 4,842 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5,108 ft agl · 78 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,637 ft agl · 132 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Erzhausen (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 3,932 ft asl to 23,011 ft asl, an increase of 19,078 ft in 27 minutes and covering 90 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 148 kt126 kt min to max 164 kt 164 147 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 32.1 °0.0 ° min to max 32.1 ° 11.4 0.4 °
99.97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.73 g min to max 1.60 g 0.92 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 760 fpm-60 fpm min to max 1,831 fpm 414 -21 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,520 ft asl3,932 ft asl min to max 23,011 ft asl 3,932 23,011 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °0.5 ° min to max 8.8 ° 3.6 1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 4,982 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 5,063 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 5,063 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 5,158 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 5,158 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 5,159 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 5,159 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 6,998 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 7,286 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 7,296 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,558 ft agl · 190 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9,570 ft agl · 190 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 18,472 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 18,346 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 18,346 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 21,597 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 21,597 ft agl · 187 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Fremdingen (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,650 ft of 23,010 ft asl22,974 ft asl min to max 23,011 ft asl 23,009 22,974 ft asl
100 % Average speed 165 kt151 kt min to max 172 kt 151 172 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.8 0.2 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 21,826 ft agl · 251 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Huisheim (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 22,907 ft asl to 19,693 ft asl, a decrease of 3,214 ft in 5 minutes and covering 24 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 188 kt174 kt min to max 193 kt 174 181 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -652 fpm-845 fpm min to max 22 fpm -481 -13 fpm
Info Average altitude 21,125 ft asl19,693 ft asl min to max 22,907 ft asl 22,907 19,693 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.2 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 19,038 ft agl · 270 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 19,038 ft agl · 270 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 18,834 ft agl · 268 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north west of Gachenbach (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,485 ft of 19,689 ft asl19,636 ft asl min to max 19,694 ft asl 19,691 19,636 ft asl
100 % Average speed 174 kt172 kt min to max 180 kt 180 175 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-1.5 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.8 -1.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 18,455 ft agl · 240 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 18,455 ft agl · 240 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Vierkirchen (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 19,472 ft asl to 2,765 ft asl, a decrease of 16,707 ft in 20 minutes and covering 67 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 162 kt106 kt min to max 197 kt 180 112 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.8 °0.0 ° min to max 25.8 ° 0.0 0.8 °
99.98 % Average g force 1.03 g0.73 g min to max 1.32 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -843 fpm-1,176 fpm min to max -325 fpm -962 -590 fpm
Info Average altitude 9,675 ft asl2,765 ft asl min to max 19,472 ft asl 19,472 2,765 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-4.5 ° min to max 4.2 ° -1.5 -0.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 17,817 ft agl · 258 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 15,614 ft agl · 262 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 15,614 ft agl · 262 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 14,839 ft agl · 258 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 13,407 ft agl · 253 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 9,613 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 9,613 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 9,456 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 9,456 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 8,305 ft agl · 217 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 8,305 ft agl · 217 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 8,248 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 4,692 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 4,692 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 4,433 ft agl · 169 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 4,347 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 4,177 ft agl · 169 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 3,923 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 3,837 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 3,837 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 3,837 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 3,837 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,397 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,353 ft agl · 121 kt
Arrival Approach 92.86Final approach to runway 26R at EDDM Munich Airport. Descent from 1,342 ft agl to 80 ft agl in 162 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
50 % On speedfailed at one of the two gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,283 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,249 ft agl · 104 kt
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 26R at EDDM Munich Airport, runway length 3,981 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 89 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 89 kt. Target 88 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 685 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.71 m left3.71 m left to 0.97 m right 3.71 -0.97 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.8 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.08 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average speed 84 kt72 kt min to max 89 kt 89 72 kt
Info Average VSI -203 fpm-406 fpm min to max -91 fpm -406 -96 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 48 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.6 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.7 4.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 24 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 24 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 24 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 24 ft agl · 90 kt
07515022530037545052560067575082501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.26Touchdown point was 251 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 72 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -96 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 3 kt at 263 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -96 fpm.
75 % Touchdown distance was 685 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 72 ktTarget below 87 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.08 m right1.05 m right -0.97 -1.08 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Peak g force 1.10 g1.00 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 72 kt71 kt min to max 72 kt 72 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °4.6 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 4.6 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,123 m, 28 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,123 m28 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.84 m left0.84 m left to 0.00 m left 0.18 0.84 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 65 kt37 kt min to max 72 kt 72 37 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °0.7 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 21 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kt13 kt min to max 35 kt 35 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °1.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.3 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 20 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 18 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.6 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.3 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 3 ft agl · 22 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 20 kt

Takeoff from EDDF 18

Taxi out

Lights75.00
Offlanding
Taxi speed100.00
20kt peak12 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
753m19 %
Runway alignment100.00
2.11m L
Rotation speed100.00
92kttarget 89, 3 late

The nose wandered in the climb

From 35 ft to the end of the climb the nose moved between 6.0° and 12.7°, and the speed between 100 kt and 123 kt.

Once clear of the runway the nose moved through a wide range, and the speed moved with it. Set the climb attitude, hold it and trim, and give the speed a few seconds to settle before correcting it with a degree or two of pitch. Chasing the airspeed with large pitch changes makes it wander more.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
94ktat 5.8°
Rotation
4.5°/sover 1.0 s, gaining 2 kt
35 ft
100ktat 7.1°, 4.2 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
3.2°steepest
Gear up100.00
5ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed86.99
119kttarget 138

Plan view the roll down the 3,962 m runway.

Rolled from 87 m in, drifted 2.1 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 18 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.11 m LROLL 87 M INAirborne 747 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 747 m of 3,962 m · 19 %
Behind the start of the roll, 87 mTakeoff roll, 659 m Left ahead, 3,216 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 952 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 3,004 m of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,210 fpm on average to 952 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3119 kt avgtarget 138THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 49 m · 1.0 sRotate 92 kttarget 89Liftoff 94 ktGear up 5 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 138150 kt10050020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 49 m · 1.0 sROTATELIFTOFFtarget 89held 8.1°5.8° off · 4.5°/s7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 85.716 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate650 fpm200 fpm
On glideslope2.9°3.0°
On centreline0.0° off0.1° off
On speed−10 kt−0.3 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 88 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 2.9 nm, about 920 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 1,000 ft gate and before the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDM 26R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,3107053681851,000 ft gate6 of 7on speed1,008 ft · 78 kt500 ft gate7 of 7554 ft · 88 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 28× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 13 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR34 m L034 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3 m L8 m L8 m L8 m L4 m R5 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 44 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 3.3 nm, then slow to 2.9 nm (up to −12 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 88+26 kt−2 kt−0 kt−1 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDM 26R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
47ft
Threshold speed100.00
89kttarget 88, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
3.71m L
Bank100.00
1.3°steepest
Flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly

The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 685 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.

Touchdown

Past threshold75.07
685m
Centreline100.00
1.08m R
Speed100.00
72kttarget 87 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-96fpm
Impact100.00
1.10G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.6°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
417m28 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.84m L

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
24kt peak10 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 47 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 27 ft. Touched down 685 m in, 380 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

47 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 27 ft · −206 fpm · 1.9° · 88 ktdescent slowed at 5 ft · −55 fpm · 3.9°−96 fpm · 4.7° nose up · 72 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 47 ft, down at 685 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 210 fpm at the flare to 100 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.8° on the way down. Into the flare at 88 kt, on the 88 kt approach speed, and 72 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−96 fpm at touchdown4.7° at touchdown, +2.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,981 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.1 m of it down the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 263° at 3 kt · 3 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 685 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 685 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,102 m of 3,981 m · 28 %
In the air over the runway, 685 mRollout, 417 m Left over, 2,879 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 73 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 22 s, an average deceleration of 0.11 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 201 m30 kt · 525 mtouchdown546 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The aircraft taxied from the parking area to runway 18 at EDDF Frankfurt Airport in eight minutes, covering approximately one nautical mile.

During the departure roll on runway 18, the take-off run measured 753 m, representing 19 % of the runway length, and the aircraft lifted off at 95 kt; ambient temperature was 14 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 210°, giving a 1 kt headwind and a 1 kt cross-wind component.

The first en-route climb began two miles west of Moerfelden-Walldorf, where altitude increased from 1,315 ft asl to 3,878 ft asl-a gain of 2,562 ft-over two minutes while covering five nautical miles.

A short level cruise followed two miles south-west of Erzhausen, lasting two minutes and spanning three nautical miles.

The next climb segment started one mile south-east of Erzhausen; altitude rose from 3,932 ft asl to 23,011 ft asl, an increase of 19,078 ft, in 27 minutes and over a distance of 90 nm.

Subsequent level cruise commenced one mile north of Fremdingen, lasting three minutes and covering 15 nm.

Descent phase one originated two miles east of Huisheim, with altitude decreasing from 22,907 ft asl to 19,693 ft asl-a loss of 3,214 ft-in five minutes while traversing 24 nm.

A further level cruise began two miles north-west of Gachenbach, lasting three minutes and extending 14 nm.

The second descent started overhead Vierkirchen, where the aircraft dropped from 19,472 ft asl to 2,765 ft asl, a reduction of 16,707 ft, in 20 minutes and over 67 nm.

Final approach to runway 26R at EDDM Munich Airport was conducted from the east on a heading of 263.0° at four nautical miles and 1,288 ft agl; the approach continued with a descent from 1,342 ft agl to 80 ft agl in 162 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gates criteria.

Landing on runway 26R, which is 3,981 m long, was achieved with a threshold speed of 89 kt; touchdown occurred 249 m beyond the touchdown zone at 72 kt, with a vertical speed of minus 96 fpm and perfect alignment, while local conditions were 19 °C temperature and a 3 kt headwind from 263°.

Runway rollout was aligned perfectly, and the total landing distance recorded was 1,123 m, representing 28 % of the runway length.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in three minutes, covering less than one nautical mile.

In total, the flight covered 230 nm, lasted 76 minutes, and consumed 154 kg of fuel.

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