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LIPE
Bologna, Italy
Runway 12
Elevation118 ft asl
Weight1,045 kg
Fuel179 kg
Wind63° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

89.06 %
LIPK
Forli, Italy
Runway 12
Elevation92 ft asl
Weight1,033 kg
Fuel166 kg
Wind344° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
7 Feb 2024 0:18 36 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 13 kg
Departure Score
90.25 %
Enroute Score
98.90 %
Arrival Score
73.62 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 41 % of the runway used
Airborne in 721 m — 34 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −3.35 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 8.2 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 10.2 ° at 81 %, −2.28 points
Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on; g force 0.05 to 0.41 g at 60 %, Runway alignment max 11.96 m at 64 %, −1.77 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 13 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 78.79Departure roll runway 12 at LIPE Borgo Panigale. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 80 kn. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 2 kn at 62 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 80 knTarget 70 kn
64 % Runway alignment max 11.96 m11.96 m left to 0.00 m left 5.93 6.16 m
60 % Average g force 0.26 g0.05 g min to max 0.41 g 0.39 0.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.7 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.9 3.1 °
Info Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.6 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 62 kt
Departure Climb 1 95.67Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 12 LIPE Borgo Panigale.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.5 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn81 kn min to max 93 kn 81 93 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.4 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.4 2.5 °
60 % Average g force 0.90 g0.05 g min to max 1.10 g 0.05 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 336 ft/m123 ft/m min to max 465 ft/m 123 376 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 0 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °2.7 ° min to max 5.7 ° 3.1 3.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 29 ft agl · 94 kt
Departure Climb 2 97.24Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 12 LIPE Borgo Panigale.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 98 kn93 kn min to max 106 kn 93 104 kn
89 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 2.5 4.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.85 g min to max 1.10 g 0.88 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 558 ft/m295 ft/m min to max 1,214 ft/m 370 1,004 ft/m
Info Average altitude 91 ft agl41 ft agl min to max 379 ft agl 41 379 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °3.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 3.2 5.9 °
Departure Climb 3 89.28Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 12 LIPE Borgo Panigale.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
54 % Heading variation 5.2 °0.6 ° min to max 6.8 ° 0.6 6.7 °
100 % Average speed 118 kn104 kn min to max 130 kn 104 128 kn
92 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.2 ° min to max 5.0 ° 4.6 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.84 g min to max 0.97 g 0.92 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 551 ft/m190 ft/m min to max 972 ft/m 926 797 ft/m
Info Average altitude 708 ft agl394 ft agl min to max 969 ft agl 394 969 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °0.8 ° min to max 5.5 ° 5.4 3.7 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Bologna (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,127 ft asl to 1,532 ft asl, an increase of 406 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 129 kn126 kn min to max 131 kn 127 128 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.1 ° min to max 6.0 ° 1.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.84 g min to max 0.95 g 0.89 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 497 ft/m132 ft/m min to max 882 ft/m 880 132 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,337 ft asl1,127 ft asl min to max 1,532 ft asl 1,127 1,532 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.4 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 96.70Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of San Lazzaro (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 30 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Average altitude 1,915 ft asl1,533 ft asl min to max 2,516 ft asl 1,533 2,516 ft asl
100 % Average speed 132 kn128 kn min to max 134 kn 128 133 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 9.2 ° 0.3 0.6 °
89 % Average g force 0.90 g0.56 g min to max 1.06 g 0.90 0.93 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 -0.3 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Rovere (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 2,526 ft asl to 1,934 ft asl, a decrease of 592 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 119 kn93 kn min to max 134 kn 132 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.4 °0.6 ° min to max 7.9 ° 0.8 5.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.88 g0.78 g min to max 1.01 g 0.91 0.86 g
Info Average VSI -756 ft/m-1,398 ft/m min to max 19 ft/m -48 -1,180 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,347 ft asl1,934 ft asl min to max 2,526 ft asl 2,526 1,934 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-6.5 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.8 -5.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,200 ft agl · 122 kt
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 1 mile north of Rovere (Emilia-Romagna, Italy).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 93 kn92 kn min to max 93 kn 93 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.5 ° min to max 5.6 ° 5.6 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.84 g min to max 0.97 g 0.89 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -1,365 ft/m-1,566 ft/m min to max -1,190 ft/m -1,196 -1,566 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,836 ft asl1,749 ft asl min to max 1,914 ft asl 1,914 1,749 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.6 °-7.4 ° min to max -5.6 ° -5.6 -6.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 65.77Approaching runway 12 at LIPK Forli from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,632 ft agl to 848 ft agl. A decrease of 784 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 8.2 °7.8 ° min to max 8.5 °Target 3.3 ° 8.5 7.8 °
100 % Average speed 96 kn93 kn min to max 99 kn 93 98 kn
100 % Heading variation 1.2 °0.6 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.2 0.6 °
81 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.1 ° min to max 10.2 ° 0.3 4.3 °
97 % Average g force 0.88 g0.69 g min to max 1.00 g 0.92 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -1,663 ft/m-2,074 ft/m min to max -1,229 ft/m -1,512 -2,007 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,232 ft agl848 ft agl min to max 1,632 ft agl 1,632 848 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.3 °-10.4 ° min to max -6.0 ° -6.1 -10.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,155 ft agl · 100 kt
11.251.51.7528008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,5001,5501,600Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 79.24Approaching runway 12 at LIPK Forli from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 815 ft agl to 140 ft agl. A decrease of 675 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 6.9 °6.5 ° min to max 7.7 °Target 3.3 ° 7.7 7.2 °
100 % Average speed 93 kn82 kn min to max 100 kn 99 82 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.7 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.87 g min to max 1.01 g 0.93 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -1,380 ft/m-1,990 ft/m min to max -913 ft/m -1,990 -913 ft/m
Info Average altitude 427 ft agl140 ft agl min to max 815 ft agl 815 140 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.4 °-10.0 ° min to max -3.1 ° -10.0 -3.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 49.80Landing on runway 12 at LIPK Forli, runway length 2,403 m. Threshold height at 119 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 81 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 81 kn. Target 70 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.80 g min to max 1.07 g 0.85 0.83 g
Info Average speed 68 kn55 kn min to max 81 kn 81 55 kn
Info Average VSI -430 ft/m-939 ft/m min to max -108 ft/m -898 -215 ft/m
Info Average altitude 31 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 119 ft agl 119 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-3.9 ° min to max 5.8 ° -3.9 2.2 °
075150225300375450525600675750825024487195119Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 88.61Touchdown point was 254 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 55 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -215 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 1 kn at 344 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Touchdown VSI was -215 ft/m.
82 % Touchdown distance was 621 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 55 knTarget 55 kn
80 % Runway alignment max 7.44 m6.66 m left 5.86 7.44 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.2 °
77 % Average g force 0.78 g0.35 g min to max 1.13 g 0.83 0.55 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 51 kn49 kn min to max 55 kn 55 49 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °2.2 ° min to max 9.5 ° 2.2 4.1 °
Arrival Rollout 84.70Total landing distance 1,072 m, 45 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.7 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,072 m45 % of runway.
72 % Runway alignment max 9.68 m9.68 m left to 0.00 m left 7.48 8.13 m
74 % Average g force 0.47 g0.29 g min to max 0.91 g 0.49 0.91 g
Info Average speed 53 kn31 kn min to max 57 kn 57 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °1.8 ° min to max 5.0 ° 4.6 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 6 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kn11 kn min to max 24 kn 24 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.9 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.94 g0.89 g min to max 1.02 g 0.89 1.02 g

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll721 m · 34 %
100.00Liftoff speed80 kt
63.96Runway alignment11.96 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
95.67Rate of climb335 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

0.00Threshold height119 ft
100.00Threshold speed80 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.08 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on LIPK 12

Past threshold81.04
631m
Centreline79.57
7.44m L
Speed100.00
54kt
Touchdown rate82.65
-223fpm
Impact77.14
1.13G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

119 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 119 ft, down at 631 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,403 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 631 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 631 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 991 m of 2,403 m · 41 %
Rollout distance100.00
361m41 % used
Rollout alignment71.84
9.68m L

The rest of the report

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Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 12 at LIPE Borgo Panigale in the Piper PA-24 Comanche
90.25 %
78.79 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 12 at LIPE Borgo Panigale. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 80 kn. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 2 kn at 62 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 80 kn - Target 75 kn
Alignment
63.96 %
11.96 m left to 0.00 m left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
0 %
Switched Off
G
60 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
90 65 40
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2.5 1
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
95.67 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 12 LIPE Borgo Panigale.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
98.68 %
3 1.5 0
G
60 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
6 4 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
500 200 -100
97.24 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 12 LIPE Borgo Panigale.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 100 90
Bank °
88.97 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 5.5 3
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 700 100
89.28 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 12 LIPE Borgo Panigale.
Alignment
54.17 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
130 115 100
Bank °
92.24 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 500 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,00004998147196245 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.750100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.75-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 12 at LIPK Forli in the Piper PA-24 Comanche
Landing Score 75.59 %
65.77 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 12 at LIPK Forli from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,632 ft agl to 848 ft agl. A decrease of 784 ft in 27 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
99 95 90
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
80.57 %
11 5.5 0
G
96.57 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,229 -1,665 -2,100
11.251.51.7528008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,5001,5501,600 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-110-83-55-280285583110 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
79.24 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 12 at LIPK Forli from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 815 ft agl to 140 ft agl. A decrease of 675 ft in 29 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
96.22 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-913 -1,457 -2,000
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
49.8 %
Landing
Landing on runway 12 at LIPK Forli, runway length 2,403 m. Threshold height at 119 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 81 kn.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 119 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was slightly above target at 81 kt. Target 76 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
98 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
81 65 50
Pitch °
Info
6 1.5 -3
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-108 -554 -1,000
075150225300375450525600675750825024487195119 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750825-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
88.61 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 254 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 55 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -215 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 1 kn at 344 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Touchdown
82.65 %
Touchdown rate was fair at -223 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 55 kt was good. Target below 62 kn
Distance
82.07 %
Touchdown point was 254 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
79.57 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.4 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.2 °
G
77.14 %
G 0.78 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
84.7 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,072 m, 45 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.7 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,072 m using 44.6 % of runway
Alignment
71.84 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.7 m from centreline.
G
73.71 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
49 34 20
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3.5 1
02004006008001,000 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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