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EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 36
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight1,879 kg
Fuel135 kg
Wind342° · 1 kn

Flight Score

88.16 %
EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 36
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight1,876 kg
Fuel132 kg
Wind341° · 1 kn
29 Dec 2025 0:06 11 nm DA62 4 kg
Departure Score
95.19 %
Pattern Score
89.27 %
Arrival Score
80.01 %

What went well

Touchdown 54 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 12 ft and 80 kt — both inside band
1.43 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 6.2 ° at 0 %, Heading variation -2.0 ° at 37 %, −3.10 points
Pattern Crosswind — Heading 18.6 ° at 9 %, −1.94 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.0 ° at 37 %, Heading variation 0.7 ° at 68 %, −1.27 points

Next time

Departure

Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.

What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 8.3 m off the runway centreline.

Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.

See Departure Roll

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, Average speed was 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 2 kt0 kt min to max 10 kt 0 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.0 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 398 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 398 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 398 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 398 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 398 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 398 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 96.20Departure roll runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Takeoff distance 440 m 36 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 83 kt. Local weather - Temperature 2 °C. Wind 1 kt at 341 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 440 m36 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 83 ktTarget 84 kt
81 % Runway alignment max 8.25 m left8.25 m left to 0.00 m left 2.66 8.25 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 1.10 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.3 ° min to max 5.7 ° 1.7 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 99.36Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Heading variation -1.1 °-1.2 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt83 kt min to max 92 kt 83 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.12 g 1.11 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 556 fpm363 fpm min to max 643 fpm 363 643 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 1 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °5.8 ° min to max 7.4 ° 5.8 6.6 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 97 kt92 kt min to max 104 kt 92 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.0 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 843 fpm643 fpm min to max 1,448 fpm 643 1,201 fpm
Info Average altitude 157 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 635 ft agl 51 635 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °6.6 ° min to max 9.8 ° 6.6 8.0 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 178 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 196 ft agl · 99 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Distance was less than 1 nm in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 105 kt100 kt min to max 108 kt 100 108 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.3 °7.4 ° min to max 18.5 ° 7.4 10.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 0.96 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 832 fpm682 fpm min to max 1,055 fpm 1,055 716 fpm
Info Average altitude 859 ft agl671 ft agl min to max 1,037 ft agl 671 1,037 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.2 ° min to max 7.4 ° 7.4 5.3 °
Pattern Crosswind 59.16Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Distance was less than 1 nm in 17 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
9 % Heading 18.6 °17.4 ° min to max 19.4 ° 17.4 19.0 °
100 % Average speed 111 kt108 kt min to max 115 kt 108 114 kt
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 699 fpm584 fpm min to max 1,024 fpm 746 1,024 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,144 ft agl1,049 ft agl min to max 1,249 ft agl 1,049 1,249 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 0.2 °
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.6 ° min to max 6.1 ° 5.6 6.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 1,110 ft agl · 109 kt
Pattern Downwind Turn 99.23Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 50.6 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 50.6 °.
100 % Average speed 134 kt115 kt min to max 146 kt 115 142 kt
100 % Average bank angle 17.6 °0.4 ° min to max 27.0 ° 0.5 6.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.82 g min to max 1.15 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 120 fpm-368 fpm min to max 1,013 fpm 1,013 270 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,335 ft agl1,283 ft agl min to max 1,365 ft agl 1,283 1,357 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-1.3 ° min to max 5.4 ° 5.4 0.6 °
Pattern Downwind 77.50Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 3 nm in 69 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading -5.8 °-16.0 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -16.0 °
31 % Average altitude 1,362 ft agl1,289 ft agl min to max 1,486 ft agl 1,362 1,289 ft agl
100 % Average speed 138 kt131 kt min to max 144 kt 142 137 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.20 g 1.08 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -42 fpm-723 fpm min to max 1,018 fpm 315 -380 fpm
Info Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 16.9 ° 4.1 16.9 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-3.5 ° min to max 4.1 ° 1.1 -1.4 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 96.23Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 3 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 36.9 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 36.9 °.
100 % Average speed 136 kt132 kt min to max 138 kt 138 132 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.1 °6.7 ° min to max 17.2 ° 17.1 6.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.98 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -189 fpm-381 fpm min to max 29 fpm -379 20 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,242 ft agl1,205 ft agl min to max 1,283 ft agl 1,283 1,207 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-1.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° -1.4 0.0 °
Pattern Base Leg 92.78Pattern Base Leg. Distance was 1 nm in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Heading 7.4 °-12.9 ° min to max 10.9 ° 10.9 -12.9 °
100 % Average speed 116 kt107 kt min to max 132 kt 132 110 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.09 g
Info Average altitude 1,234 ft agl1,195 ft agl min to max 1,250 ft agl 1,207 1,195 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 21.7 ° 1.7 21.0 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-1.9 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.3 -1.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,183 ft agl · 130 kt
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 111 kt109 kt min to max 114 kt 111 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 17.4 °14.4 ° min to max 20.4 ° 20.4 18.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.96 g min to max 1.19 g 1.19 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -400 fpm-857 fpm min to max -93 fpm -608 -617 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,111 ft agl996 ft agl min to max 1,185 ft agl 1,185 996 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-3.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° -0.5 -1.2 °
Arrival Final 2 53.53Approaching runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 988 ft agl to 508 ft agl. A decrease of 480 ft in 45 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 6.2 °4.9 ° min to max 7.0 °Target 3.0 ° 4.9 6.8 °
100 % Average speed 103 kt94 kt min to max 115 kt 115 94 kt
37 % Heading variation -2.0 °-10.2 ° min to max 2.2 ° -10.2 1.9 °
49 % Average bank angle 6.3 °0.3 ° min to max 21.8 ° 3.6 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.17 g 1.09 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -611 fpm-1,297 fpm min to max 316 fpm -523 -1,280 fpm
Info Average altitude 832 ft agl508 ft agl min to max 988 ft agl 988 508 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-6.4 ° min to max 3.8 ° -1.2 -6.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 760 ft agl · 109 kt
11.251.51.752650700750800850900950Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-880-660-440-2200220440660880Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 80.99Approaching runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 487 ft agl to 16 ft agl. A decrease of 470 ft in 20 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
37 % Approach angle 3.0 °0.9 ° min to max 6.8 °Target 3.0 ° 6.8 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 84 kt80 kt min to max 94 kt 94 80 kt
68 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 0.6 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.9 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.14 g
Info Average VSI -1,245 fpm-1,478 fpm min to max -966 fpm -1,287 -966 fpm
Info Average altitude 103 ft agl16 ft agl min to max 487 ft agl 487 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.1 °-7.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° -5.9 0.3 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 87.31Landing on runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, runway length 1,230 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 80 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 80 kt. Target 83 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
51 % Very poor landing flare
97 % Runway alignment max 0.17 m left0.17 m left to 0.16 m left 0.17 0.16 m
98 % Average bank angle 2.2 °1.7 ° min to max 2.6 ° 1.7 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.16 g1.14 g min to max 1.18 g 1.15 1.15 g
Info Average speed 78 kt76 kt min to max 80 kt 80 76 kt
Info Average VSI -781 fpm-951 fpm min to max -618 fpm -951 -618 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 12 ft agl 12 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.6 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.6 3.8 °
0142943577201123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft01429435772-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 90.78Touchdown distance was good at 54 m. Touchdown speed at 76 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was heavy at -618 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 11.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 2 °C. Wind 1 kt at 339 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Touchdown rate was -618 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 54 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 76 ktTarget below 76 kt
71 % Runway alignment max 11.08 m left10.90 m left 11.08 10.73 m
93 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.27 g1.15 g min to max 1.43 g 1.15 1.15 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 75 kt75 kt min to max 76 kt 76 75 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °3.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.8 4.0 °
Arrival Rollout 87.42Total landing distance 476 m, 39 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.7 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 476 m39 % of runway.
72 % Runway alignment max 10.72 m left10.72 m left to 0.00 m left 10.72 6.56 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.02 g
Info Average speed 65 kt39 kt min to max 72 kt 72 39 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °1.1 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.2 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 24 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kt11 kt min to max 32 kt 32 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °1.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 82 kt with 5.1° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.1° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 14 kt 1.7° 0 s
Liftoff386 m · target 84 82 kt 5.1° 15.1 s
35 ft573 m · 4.3 s after liftoff 90 kt 6.8° 19.3 s
End of the climb2,217 m · 635 ft 100 kt 8.0° 52.5 s

Takeoff from EDFB 36

Takeoff roll100.00
440m36 %
Liftoff speed100.00
82kttarget 84, 2 slow
Runway alignment81.02
8.25m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.36
556fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 635 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 612 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,020 fpm on average to 635 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

750 ft375 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 82 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,230 m runway.

Rolled from 44 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 7.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 8 m left. Airborne 35 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 7.91 m LROLL 44 M INAirborne 430 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 430 m of 1,230 m · 35 %
Behind the start of the roll, 44 mTakeoff roll, 386 m Left ahead, 799 m

The circuit to EDFB 36

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.4 nm out at 139 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft18°127°217°320°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
950 ft
Bank
18°
Speed
108 kt

Off heading: 19° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
27°
Height
1,362 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
138 kt
Out
2.1 nm 1.4 suits 139 kt

High on downwind: 1,362 ft against 1,000 ft, 362 ft above.

Downwind. Parallel to the runway, opposite the landing direction, at pattern altitude and roughly 90 kt. The single most important moment of the entire circuit is the point abeam your intended touchdown point. Power back (around 1,700 RPM in a 172 works as a starting value to calibrate), first stage of flap, pre-landing flow, and re-trim. Everything from abeam to touchdown is one continuous energy problem. Arrive at the abeam point high or fast and you'll pay for it ninety seconds later in the flare, which is why analysing only the touchdown so often misdiagnoses the fault.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
37° target 45°
Bank
17°
Height
1,280 ft

Off heading: 7° from the leg's heading on average.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
20°
Overshoot
753 m
Speed
111 kt

Overshot: went 753 m through the centreline turning final.

Overshooting final. A tailwind component on base sweeps you through the extended centreline, the instinctive correction is to steepen the bank and, when that's not enough, to skid the turn with rudder. In a real aircraft this is the base-to-final stall-spin scenario that kills people. The sim under-punishes it, because a spring yoke transmits no lightening of control force, there's no buffet through your hands, and no seat-of-the-pants sensation of the skid. You get the numbers of the skidded turn without the feel of it. The correct response is the same in both worlds and needs practising until it's reflexive. Don't steepen past 30 degrees, and if you've blown through the centreline, go around and reset.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry100Crosswind59Turn onto downwind99Downwind78Base turn96Base93Final turn100

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 300 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3° and centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: fast until 1.2 nm, banked until 1.0 nm, high from 1.7 nm, left of the centreline from 1.1 nm and sinking too fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDFB 36

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

On the glideslope from 2.3 nm, where the final began, to 1.7 nm, then high to the threshold (up to 510 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,106951483300 ft gate4 of 7sink rateon glideslopeon centreline815 ft · 96 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 753 m right of the centreline at 2.3 nm, then 78 m left of it from 1.1 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND728 m R491 m R51 m L62 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 25 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 2.3 nm, where the final began, to 1.9 nm, then fast to 1.2 nm (up to +33 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 82+27 kt+32 kt+12 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDFB 36

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
12ft
Threshold speed100.00
80kttarget 82, 2 slow
Centreline offset97.20
0.17m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
54m
Centreline70.72
11.08m L
Speed100.00
76kttarget 81 or less
Touchdown rate82.15
-618fpmfirst contact -352 fpm
Impact100.00
1.43G
BouncesOk
None
The flare50.99

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 2° of bank.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 74 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 17 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 211 m30 kt · 459 mtouchdown477 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,230 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 12 ft, 38 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 54 m in, 251 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,230 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

12 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −352 fpm · 3.8° nose up · 76 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 12 ft, down at 54 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 570 fpm at 12 ft to 350 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−352 fpm at touchdown3.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,230 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 11 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 11 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 54 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 54 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 457 m of 1,230 m · 37 %
In the air over the runway, 54 mRollout, 403 m Left over, 772 m
Rollout distance100.00
403m37 % used
Rollout alignment72.03
10.72m L

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. The DA62 aircraft required a takeoff distance of 440 meters, which was 36% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was achieved at 83 knots. At the time of departure, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 2 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot from 341 degrees. This resulted in a negligible crosswind and a slight headwind.

As the aircraft entered the left-hand pattern, it did so from runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. The distance covered during this maneuver was less than 1 nautical mile in 27 seconds. The left-hand pattern crosswind was also executed from the same runway, with a distance of less than 1 nautical mile covered in 17 seconds. The pattern downwind turn involved a distance of 2 nautical miles, with an angle to the runway of 50.6 degrees. The downwind leg itself covered a distance of 3 nautical miles in 69 seconds.

The base leg turn was another critical phase of the flight, with a distance of 3 nautical miles covered. The angle to the runway during this turn was 36.9 degrees. The base leg itself was relatively short, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile in 34 seconds. The final turn, which brought the aircraft onto the final approach, was completed in less than 1 nautical mile in 27 seconds.

The final approach to runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield was executed from the south, with a heading of 339.0 degrees at an altitude of 2 nautical miles and 988 feet above ground level. The landing on the runway was successful, with a threshold height that was considered good. The threshold speed was also good at 80 knots. However, the touchdown distance was slightly longer than expected at 50 meters, and the touchdown speed was a little fast at 76 knots. The touchdown rate was heavy at -618 feet per minute.

The runway touchdown position was misaligned by 11.1 meters from the centerline, and the runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.7 meters from the centerline. The total landing distance was 476 meters, which was 39% of the runway length. The total flight distance was 11 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 6 minutes. The aircraft used 4 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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