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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

77.57 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight991 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind271° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
24 May 2024 0:11 14 nm Cessna Skyhawk 6 kg
Departure Score
82.90 %
Enroute Score
94.46 %
Arrival Score
41.79 %

What went well

Airborne in 587 m — 28 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −8.62 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 1,154 m at 0 %, Runway alignment max 65.75 m at 0 %, −5.49 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 17.0 ° at 0 %, Heading variation 3.4 ° at 0 %, −5.29 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, Average speed was 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 84.18Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 60 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 60 knTarget 62 kn
21 % Runway alignment max 25.78 m24.75 m left to 1.04 m right -1.04 23.69 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 0.97 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.3 4.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 1,032 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 1,032 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 1,032 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,032 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1,032 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1,032 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 1,032 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 1,032 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 95.02Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Heading variation -2.1 °-2.3 ° min to max -2.0 ° -2.3 -2.0 °
100 % Average speed 59 kn56 kn min to max 60 kn 60 56 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.5 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.5 1.9 °
86 % Average g force 1.40 g1.09 g min to max 1.49 g 1.09 1.35 g
Info Average VSI 914 ft/m480 ft/m min to max 1,363 ft/m 480 1,363 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.6 °4.6 ° min to max 23.9 ° 4.6 23.9 °
Departure Climb 2 73.44Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
14 % Heading variation -4.0 °-8.9 ° min to max -2.0 ° -2.0 -8.9 °
100 % Average speed 68 kn48 kn min to max 95 kn 56 94 kn
90 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 2.0 1.4 °
75 % Average g force 1.08 g0.43 g min to max 1.69 g 1.33 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 584 ft/m-622 ft/m min to max 1,833 ft/m 1,403 788 ft/m
Info Average altitude 140 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 374 ft agl 46 374 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °-4.7 ° min to max 23.8 ° 23.8 5.4 °
Departure Climb 3 78.95Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading variation -10.8 °-12.5 ° min to max -9.1 ° -9.1 -12.5 °
100 % Average speed 94 kn90 kn min to max 98 kn 94 96 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 1.5 3.9 °
99 % Average g force 0.99 g0.74 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 0.81 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 671 ft/m293 ft/m min to max 1,086 ft/m 876 331 ft/m
Info Average altitude 668 ft agl389 ft agl min to max 936 ft agl 389 936 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °-1.4 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.0 -1.4 °
Enroute Climb 73.20Enroute climb started 2 miles south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,983 ft asl to 4,607 ft asl, an increase of 2,623 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 97 kn85 kn min to max 118 kn 97 85 kn
48 % Average bank angle 9.2 °0.0 ° min to max 65.9 ° 3.1 8.6 °
39 % Average g force 1.08 g0.81 g min to max 2.31 g 0.98 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 686 ft/m-2,288 ft/m min to max 2,769 ft/m 104 1,847 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,090 ft asl1,983 ft asl min to max 4,607 ft asl 1,983 4,607 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-11.7 ° min to max 14.2 ° -0.2 10.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.26Enroute level cruise started 2 miles west of CYKI Roseville Field Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,705 ft asl4,632 ft asl min to max 4,737 ft asl 4,632 4,734 ft asl
100 % Average speed 83 kn78 kn min to max 100 kn 82 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.6 °1.4 ° min to max 28.9 ° 6.1 1.4 °
93 % Average g force 0.96 g0.62 g min to max 1.21 g 0.92 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-4.5 ° min to max 9.4 ° 9.4 0.4 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles north west of CYKI Roseville Field Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,810 ft asl to 4,177 ft asl, a decrease of 634 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 94 kn90 kn min to max 100 kn 99 94 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.0 ° min to max 18.7 ° 0.3 12.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -580 ft/m-918 ft/m min to max 491 ft/m 491 -877 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,450 ft asl4,177 ft asl min to max 4,822 ft asl 4,810 4,177 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.0 °-4.9 ° min to max 3.1 ° 3.1 -4.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,056 ft asl4,038 ft asl min to max 4,145 ft asl 4,145 4,042 ft asl
100 % Average speed 95 kn88 kn min to max 100 kn 95 88 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.0 °0.3 ° min to max 11.6 ° 11.6 9.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 0.88 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-5.2 ° min to max -0.3 ° -5.2 -3.0 °
Enroute Descent 2 99.83Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,035 ft asl to 2,885 ft asl, a decrease of 1,150 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kn81 kn min to max 116 kn 90 112 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °3.4 ° min to max 17.4 ° 17.4 5.2 °
98 % Average g force 0.99 g0.72 g min to max 1.28 g 0.88 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -651 ft/m-2,000 ft/m min to max 967 ft/m -287 -1,935 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,633 ft asl2,885 ft asl min to max 4,076 ft asl 4,035 2,885 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.7 °-10.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° -3.9 -9.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 96.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 2 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn76 kn min to max 115 kn 113 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.2 ° min to max 21.2 ° 11.6 15.4 °
80 % Average g force 1.01 g0.40 g min to max 1.28 g 0.95 0.40 g
Info Average VSI -760 ft/m-2,037 ft/m min to max -192 ft/m -2,037 -1,248 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,678 ft asl2,540 ft asl min to max 2,850 ft asl 2,850 2,540 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-16.5 ° min to max 0.1 ° -10.3 -16.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,604 ft agl · 106 kt
Arrival Final 1 52.36Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,470 ft agl to 506 ft agl. A decrease of 964 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 17.0 °14.3 ° min to max 24.4 °Target 3.0 ° 14.3 24.4 °
100 % Average speed 85 kn79 kn min to max 91 kn 79 85 kn
0 % Heading variation 3.4 °2.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.6 2.7 °
68 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 15.2 ° 15.1 6.1 °
89 % Average g force 1.01 g0.77 g min to max 1.45 g 0.96 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -1,943 ft/m-2,452 ft/m min to max -1,273 ft/m -1,977 -1,273 ft/m
Info Average altitude 996 ft agl506 ft agl min to max 1,470 ft agl 1,470 506 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -12.2 °-16.6 ° min to max -6.0 ° -16.6 -6.0 °
00.250.50.7510501001502002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-160-120-80-4004080120160Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 22.39Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 494 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 84 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
47 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 84 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
0 % Heading variation -0.9 °-3.6 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 -3.6 °
82 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.4 ° min to max 8.8 ° 0.8 3.4 °
50 % Average g force 1.01 g0.57 g min to max 2.13 g 1.03 1.20 g
Info Average speed 66 kn53 kn min to max 85 kn 84 53 kn
Info Average VSI -550 ft/m-2,163 ft/m min to max 524 ft/m -1,001 -643 ft/m
Info Average altitude 62 ft agl13 ft agl min to max 494 ft agl 494 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-15.6 ° min to max 16.2 ° -5.6 -1.8 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,350099197296394493Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,350-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 50.61Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 53 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was heavy at -643 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 65.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
38 % Touchdown VSI was -643 ft/m.
0 % Touchdown distance was 1,154 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 53 knTarget 53 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 65.75 m63.00 m right -60.37 -65.75 m
83 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 0.4 °
42 % Average g force 1.56 g1.20 g min to max 2.27 g 1.20 1.28 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 51 kn50 kn min to max 53 kn 53 50 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.3 ° min to max 4.2 ° -1.8 4.2 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 59 kt with 4.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040025°13°0°LIFTOFF4.6° off23° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.6° 0 s
Liftoff394 m 59 kt 4.6° 18.5 s
35 ft464 m · 2.0 s after liftoff 57 kt 23.2° 20.5 s
End of Climb 34,850 m · 936 ft 96 kt -1.4° 117 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
587m28 %
Liftoff speed100.00
59kt
Runway alignment20.90
24.75m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb95.02
913fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 936 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 1,466 m of runway left; then climbing at 570 fpm on average to 936 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 59 ktSCALE CHANGES2.9 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 194 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 25 m at the widest, and lifted off 24 m left. Airborne 27 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 24.86 m LROLL 194 M INAirborne 588 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 588 m of 2,124 m · 28 %
Behind the start of the roll, 194 mTakeoff roll, 394 m Left ahead, 1,536 m

The approach to CYKF 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 2.9 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 1,780 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,7632,0671,7421,5981,160
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 705 m right of the centreline at 2.9 nm, then inside it from 2.4 to 2.1 nm, then 299 m left of it from 2.1 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND705 m R191 m L296 m L288 m L197 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
493ft
Threshold speed46.68
83kt
Centreline offset0.00
1.11m R

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
1,176m
Centreline0.00
65.75m R
Speed100.00
53kt
Touchdown rate37.61
-646fpm
Impact41.71
2.27G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 3° of bank.

Wind 271° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 493 ft, 443 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,176 m in, 871 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

493 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −642 fpm · −1.8° nose down · 53 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 493 ft, down at 1,176 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 111 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 1,140 fpm before coming down at 640 fpm to touch. The nose came up 4.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,250−2,500−9°4°17°touchdown−642 fpm at touchdown−1.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 66 m right of the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 1,176 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,176 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 2.27 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 1,176 m of 2,124 m · 55 %
In the air over the runway, 1,176 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 948 m

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