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EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 36
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight981 kg
Fuel115 kg
Wind282° · 10 kn · 9 kn cross

Flight Score

91.62 %
EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 36
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight977 kg
Fuel111 kg
Wind284° · 11 kn · 10 kn cross
25 Mar 2026 0:08 15 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 5 kg
Departure Score
93.39 %
Enroute Score
98.63 %
Arrival Score
82.84 %

What went well

Touched down at -298 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 377 m in — inside the full-score zone
Lifted off at 73 kt — on the 70 kt target

What held you back

Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 6.3 ° at 9 %, Heading variation -0.2 ° at 76 %, −2.05 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 69 ft agl was above target at 70 %, Flare profile at 73 %, −1.42 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 13.10 m left at 63 %, −1.42 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Runway alignment max 8.14 m left at 81 %, −0.84 points

Next time

Maintain the centreline

See Departure Roll

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, Average speed was 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 31 kt 0 31 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °1.2 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.2 3.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.92 g0.81 g min to max 1.00 g 0.92 0.85 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Activated 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Roll 89.88Departure roll runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Takeoff distance 431 m 35 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kt. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 10 kt at 281 °. Crosswind: 9 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 431 m35 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 73 ktTarget 70 kt
81 % Runway alignment max 8.14 m left8.14 m left to 0.00 m left 4.25 4.31 m
86 % Average g force 0.38 g0.01 g min to max 1.04 g 0.65 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.4 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.2 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 8.0 ° 0.0 6.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 96.75Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Heading variation 0.8 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.2 ° -0.5 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt73 kt min to max 87 kt 73 87 kt
90 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.9 ° 5.9 4.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.03 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 359 fpm242 fpm min to max 503 fpm 242 503 fpm
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 0 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.8 ° min to max 6.0 ° 2.8 5.9 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 41 ft agl · 90 kt
Departure Climb 2 95.66Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt87 kt min to max 95 kt 87 88 kt
83 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 8.6 ° 4.3 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.77 g min to max 1.11 g 1.01 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 649 fpm507 fpm min to max 1,700 fpm 507 1,700 fpm
Info Average altitude 86 ft agl42 ft agl min to max 350 ft agl 42 350 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.9 ° min to max 11.1 ° 5.9 11.1 °
Departure Climb 3 91.27Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.8 °0.5 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 93 kt88 kt min to max 102 kt 89 102 kt
56 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.0 ° min to max 18.6 ° 1.2 16.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.88 g0.82 g min to max 0.96 g 0.86 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,046 fpm637 fpm min to max 1,675 fpm 1,675 692 fpm
Info Average altitude 575 ft agl378 ft agl min to max 712 ft agl 378 712 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °2.9 ° min to max 11.1 ° 11.1 3.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Reichelsheim (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,462 ft asl to 1,869 ft asl, an increase of 407 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kt100 kt min to max 113 kt 106 111 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.6 °0.0 ° min to max 23.6 ° 13.2 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.69 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 474 fpm-116 fpm min to max 1,583 fpm 727 597 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,745 ft asl1,462 ft asl min to max 1,869 ft asl 1,462 1,869 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-0.2 ° min to max 8.3 ° 3.5 4.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 97.27Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Reichelsheim (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Altitude held within ±595 ft of 2,254 ft asl1,257 ft asl min to max 2,712 ft asl 1,891 1,257 ft asl
100 % Average speed 110 kt90 kt min to max 124 kt 109 91 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.0 ° min to max 29.2 ° 3.2 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.52 g min to max 1.40 g 0.83 0.86 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-7.3 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 -3.9 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,225 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 656 ft agl · 98 kt
Arrival Final 1 75.44Approaching runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 846 ft agl to 419 ft agl. A decrease of 427 ft in 22 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
9 % Approach angle 6.3 °5.2 ° min to max 7.1 °Target 3.0 ° 6.7 5.2 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt80 kt min to max 91 kt 91 83 kt
76 % Heading variation -0.2 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -1.1 -0.1 °
92 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.3 ° min to max 7.2 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.80 g min to max 1.09 g 0.87 0.94 g
Info Average VSI -1,128 fpm-1,366 fpm min to max -735 fpm -868 -1,194 fpm
Info Average altitude 574 ft agl419 ft agl min to max 846 ft agl 846 419 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-8.0 ° min to max -2.4 ° -4.3 -5.4 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 82.91Landing on runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, runway length 1,230 m. Threshold height at 69 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was too high at 83 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Threshold speed was too high at 83 kt. Target 68 kt
70 % Threshold height at 69 ft agl was above target.Target 50 ft agl
73 % Good landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.06 m left0.06 m left to 0.02 m right -0.02 0.06 m
95 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.8 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.82 g min to max 1.36 g 0.94 0.96 g
Info Average speed 75 kt66 kt min to max 83 kt 83 66 kt
Info Average VSI -545 fpm-1,188 fpm min to max -86 fpm -1,188 -298 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl-18 ft agl min to max 69 ft agl 69 -18 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-5.4 ° min to max 4.1 ° -5.4 0.9 °
07515022530037545001427415569Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 90.06Touchdown distance was good at 376 m. Touchdown speed at 66 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -298 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 11 kt at 284 °. Crosswind: 10 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown rate was -298 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 376 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 66 ktTarget below 62 kt
87 % Runway alignment max 6.72 m left4.45 m left 2.75 6.72 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.2 1.5 °
95 % Average g force 0.66 g0.34 g min to max 1.05 g 0.96 0.41 g
60 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 63 kt62 kt min to max 66 kt 66 62 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-2.4 ° min to max 5.0 ° 0.9 4.1 °
Arrival Rollout 82.94Total landing distance 697 m, 57 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 13.1 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 697 m57 % of runway.
63 % Runway alignment max 13.10 m left13.10 m left to 0.00 m left 6.82 3.22 m
94 % Average g force 0.44 g0.30 g min to max 0.81 g 0.38 0.60 g
Info Average speed 58 kt37 kt min to max 63 kt 63 37 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 4.1 ° 4.1 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.6 0.5 °

Events

Info Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 58 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kt4 kt min to max 33 kt 33 4 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °2.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.94 g0.66 g min to max 1.14 g 0.66 1.14 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 73 kt with 2.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.4° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 26 kt 3.2° 0 s
Liftoff316 m · target 70 73 kt 2.4° 10.7 s
35 ft684 m · 8.4 s after liftoff 86 kt 5.9° 19.1 s
End of Climb 32,665 m · 712 ft 102 kt 3.2° 60 s

Takeoff from EDFB 36

Takeoff roll100.00
429m35 %
Liftoff speed100.00
73kttarget 70, 3 fast
Runway alignment81.42
8.14m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.75
359fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 712 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 447 m of runway left; then climbing at 860 fpm on average to 712 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 73 ktSCALE CHANGES1.5 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,230 m runway.

Rolled from 98 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 5.6 m left, in 8 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 33 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS8 kn75 %widest 8.15 m LROLL 98 M INAirborne 414 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 414 m of 1,230 m · 34 %
Behind the start of the roll, 98 mTakeoff roll, 316 m Left ahead, 815 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 300 ft gate: glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3°, centreline more than 1° off and wings more than 10° from level.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: high all the way, fast all the way, banked until 0.7 nm, right of the centreline until 0.4 nm, sinking too fast from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDFB 36

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 1.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 360 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND444300 ft gate4 of 7on glideslopeon centrelinewings level712 ft · 93 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 146 m right of the centreline at 1.1 nm, then inside the band from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND28 m R75 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 1.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +30 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 69+18 kt+14 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDFB 36

Over the threshold

Threshold height69.56
68ft
Threshold speed91.75
83kttarget 69, 14 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.06m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
377m
Centreline86.62
6.72m L
Speed100.00
65kttarget 67 or less
Touchdown rate93.17
-298fpm
Impact95.43
1.05G
Bounces60.00
2
The flare72.52

Good landing flare

The crosswind

10 kt across from the left, which takes about 9° of crab to hold the centreline at 66 kt. Touched down with 8° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 284° at 11 kt · 3 kt head · 10 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,230 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 68 ft, 18 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 377 m in, 73 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,230 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

68 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −281 fpm · 0.9° nose up · 66 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 68 ft, down at 377 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 870 fpm at 69 ft to 280 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−6°2°10°touchdown−281 fpm at touchdown0.9° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,230 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6.7 m left of the centreline and drifted to 11 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 10 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 377 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 377 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.05 G arrival bounced 2 times.

Runway used 634 m of 1,230 m · 52 %
In the air over the runway, 377 mRollout, 257 m Left over, 595 m
Rollout distance100.00
257m52 % used
Rollout alignment63.37
13.10m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

Departing from Reichelsheim Airfield (EDFB), a Piper PA-24-250 Comanche began its takeoff roll on runway 36. The aircraft accelerated to a liftoff speed of 73 kt, achieving lift-off in a distance of 431 m, which accounted for 35% of the available runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of departure featured a temperature of 9 °C and a wind of 10 kt from 281°, resulting in a crosswind of 9 kt and a headwind of 2 kt.

As the aircraft transitioned to the enroute climb phase, it began ascending from an initial altitude of 1,462 ft above sea level to 1,869 ft, a gain of 407 ft in just 1 minute. This climb phase was followed by a level cruise, which lasted for 6 minutes and covered a distance of 11 nm. The aircraft then commenced its final approach to runway 36, descending from an altitude of 846 ft above ground level while heading 356.0°. However, the threshold height at 69 ft above ground level was above the target, and the threshold speed of 83 kt was higher than desired.

The Piper PA-24-250 Comanche landed on runway 36, with a touchdown distance of 376 m, which was within acceptable limits. The touchdown speed of 66 kt was slightly faster than optimal, and the touchdown rate of -298 fpm was fair. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned from the centreline by 6.7 m. The total landing distance of 697 m accounted for 57% of the available runway length, and the runway rollout alignment was also slightly misaligned by 13.1 m from the centreline. The total flight distance was 15 nm, covering a distance of 8 minutes and consuming 5 kg of fuel.

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