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RPLL
Manila, Philippines
Runway 31
Elevation36 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

88.93 %
RPLS
Manila, Philippines
Runway 25
Elevation7 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
28 Feb 2023 0:06 5 nm Cessna Skyhawk
Departure Score
89.26 %
Enroute Score
99.92 %
Arrival Score
73.13 %

What went well

Touched down at -79 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 221 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 2.47 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 35 %, −3.05 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 4.5 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 1.7 ° at 83 %, −2.22 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 2.2 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 2.8 ° at 54 %, −2.03 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kn0 kn min to max 19 kn 0 19 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 1 knmax 1 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Roll 78.15Departure roll runway 31 at RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl. Takeoff distance 185 m 9 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 185 m9 % of runway
73 % Liftoff speed was 64 knTarget 62 kn
68 % Runway alignment max 5.29 m5.29 m left to 0.00 m left 0.66 4.19 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.2 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.2 3.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 99.58Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation -0.9 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 68 kn65 kn min to max 70 kn 65 70 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.01 g min to max 1.17 g 1.08 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 605 ft/m348 ft/m min to max 795 ft/m 348 795 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °4.3 ° min to max 9.9 ° 4.3 9.9 °
Departure Climb 2 98.59Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading variation -1.5 °-2.1 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.2 -2.0 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn69 kn min to max 86 kn 70 86 kn
95 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 865 ft/m510 ft/m min to max 1,137 ft/m 801 849 ft/m
Info Average altitude 137 ft agl50 ft agl min to max 388 ft agl 50 388 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.8 °6.2 ° min to max 11.9 ° 9.9 7.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 237 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 205 ft agl · 75 kt
Departure Climb 3 80.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 31 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -2.2 °-3.7 ° min to max -1.8 ° -1.9 -3.7 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn85 kn min to max 87 kn 86 85 kn
0 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.1 ° min to max 10.2 ° 0.1 9.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 0.98 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,110 ft/m908 ft/m min to max 1,267 ft/m 908 1,146 ft/m
Info Average altitude 608 ft agl398 ft agl min to max 829 ft agl 398 829 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °7.4 ° min to max 9.7 ° 7.4 8.8 °
Enroute Level 99.77Enroute level cruise started overhead Pasay (Southern Manila District, National Capital Region, Philippines) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 880 ft asl815 ft asl min to max 946 ft asl 888 872 ft asl
100 % Average speed 109 kn90 kn min to max 124 kn 90 120 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.7 °1.5 ° min to max 34.8 ° 11.1 3.7 °
98 % Average g force 1.06 g0.71 g min to max 1.29 g 0.97 1.18 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-4.4 ° min to max 8.6 ° 8.6 6.6 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of Pasay (Southern Manila District, National Capital Region, Philippines). Climbing from 900 ft asl to 1,360 ft asl, an increase of 460 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 105 kn84 kn min to max 118 kn 118 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.2 ° min to max 6.7 ° 2.6 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.77 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 951 ft/m21 ft/m min to max 1,923 ft/m 1,512 21 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,164 ft asl900 ft asl min to max 1,362 ft asl 900 1,360 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °0.7 ° min to max 8.8 ° 7.8 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,177 ft agl · 115 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Pasay (Southern Manila District, National Capital Region, Philippines) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,421 ft asl1,362 ft asl min to max 1,456 ft asl 1,362 1,371 ft asl
100 % Average speed 77 kn71 kn min to max 89 kn 89 71 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.7 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-1.8 ° min to max 4.9 ° 3.3 -0.1 °
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 1 mile south west of Pasay (Southern Manila District, National Capital Region, Philippines).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 68 kn60 kn min to max 73 kn 62 68 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -482 ft/m-799 ft/m min to max -333 ft/m -502 -671 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,077 ft asl731 ft asl min to max 1,355 ft asl 1,355 731 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-3.3 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.5 -1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 66.65Approaching runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 714 ft agl to 491 ft agl. A decrease of 223 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 4.5 °4.4 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.4 4.6 °
100 % Average speed 64 kn61 kn min to max 67 kn 67 66 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
83 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.0 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -502 ft/m-636 ft/m min to max -441 ft/m -636 -549 ft/m
Info Average altitude 603 ft agl491 ft agl min to max 714 ft agl 714 491 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -1.2 -1.2 °
11.251.51.752400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 69.59Approaching runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 481 ft agl to 16 ft agl. A decrease of 466 ft in 42 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 2.2 °0.9 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.6 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn57 kn min to max 66 kn 66 57 kn
94 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -0.0 °
54 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.3 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -564 ft/m-757 ft/m min to max -304 ft/m -570 -304 ft/m
Info Average altitude 94 ft agl16 ft agl min to max 481 ft agl 481 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-2.6 ° min to max 3.1 ° -1.3 3.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 54.25Landing on runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB, runway length 2,283 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
35 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Average speed 52 kn47 kn min to max 57 kn 57 47 kn
Info Average VSI -125 ft/m-301 ft/m min to max -71 ft/m -301 -81 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 11 ft agl 11 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.1 ° min to max 5.2 ° 3.1 5.0 °
07515022530037501122344556Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 98.09Touchdown distance was good at 210 m. Touchdown speed at 47 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -79 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -79 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 210 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 47 knTarget 53 kn
87 % Runway alignment max 2.47 m1.53 m left 0.70 2.47 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.00 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.01 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 46 kn46 kn min to max 47 kn 47 46 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °4.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.9 4.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 55 kt
Arrival Rollout 77.10Total landing distance 391 m, 17 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.1 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 391 m17 % of runway.
49 % Runway alignment max 8.06 m8.06 m left to 0.00 m left 2.59 3.62 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 50 kn31 kn min to max 54 kn 54 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °0.1 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll336 m · 16 %
72.73Liftoff speed64 kt
68.02Runway alignment5.29 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.58Rate of climb604 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

0.00Threshold height10 ft
82.39Threshold speed56 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.01 m R

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on RPLS 25

Past threshold100.00
221m
Centreline87.27
2.47m L
Speed100.00
46kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-79fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

10 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 10 ft, down at 221 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,283 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 221 m past threshold CLEARED

The 221 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 371 m of 2,283 m · 16 %
Rollout distance100.00
151m16 % used
Rollout alignment49.10
8.06m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 31 at RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl in the Cessna Skyhawk
89.26 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 0.5 0
78.15 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 31 at RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl. Takeoff distance 185 m 9 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 185 m using 8.77 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
72.73 %
Liftoff speed was 64 kn - Target 55 kn
Alignment
68.02 %
5.29 m left to 0.00 m left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
0 %
Switched Off
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 35 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
99.58 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
Alignment
98.33 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 7 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 350 -100
98.59 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
Alignment
99.12 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 75 60
Bank °
95.22 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
12 9 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,200 800 400
80 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 31 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 85 80
Bank °
0 %
11 5.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 8.5 7
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 1,050 800
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0000122244366488610 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300400500600700800 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 74.76 %
66.65 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 714 ft agl to 491 ft agl. A decrease of 223 ft in 26 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
67 64 60
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
83.25 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-441 -570 -700
11.251.51.752400450500550600650700 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
69.59 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 481 ft agl to 16 ft agl. A decrease of 466 ft in 42 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
93.93 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
66 58 50
Alignment
93.93 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
54 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-312 -556 -800
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
54.25 %
Landing
Landing on runway 25 at RPLS Sangley AB, runway length 2,283 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kn.
Height
0 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
82.39 %
Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kt. Target 65 kt
Flare
34.6 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
57 48 40
Pitch °
Info
6 4.5 3
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-71 -236 -400
07515022530037501122344556 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
98.09 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 210 m. Touchdown speed at 47 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -79 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
100 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -79 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 47 kt was a little fast. Target below 44 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 210 m.
Alignment
87.27 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.3 °
G
100 %
G 1.04 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
77.1 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 391 m, 17 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.1 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 391 m using 17.13 % of runway
Alignment
49.1 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.1 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
46 33 20
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
0200 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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