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KSFO
San Francisco, United States
Runway 10L
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind90° · 5 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

89.51 %
KOAK
Oakland, United States
Runway 10R
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight993 kg
Fuel72 kg
Wind210° · 5 kn · 5 kn cross
26 Oct 2024 0:10 12 nm Cessna Skyhawk 4 kg
Departure Score
93.69 %
Enroute Score
99.84 %
Arrival Score
74.99 %

What went well

Touched down at -312 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 495 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 28 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −2.57 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 5.2 ° at 0 %, −1.71 points
Arrival Final 3 — Approach angle 4.6 ° at 5 %, −1.64 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

You crossed the threshold slow. Without the speed there is little energy left to round out with, so the flare comes up short and the touchdown tends to be firm - and that feels exactly like flaring too late. Resist the fix that feels natural, flaring earlier: it bleeds off more speed and makes the next landing firmer still. Fly the approach speed all the way to the threshold, and the flare has something to work with.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.0 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 10 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 10 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 10 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 10 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 10 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 10 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 10 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 10L at KSFO San Francisco Intl, Average speed was 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kn6 kn min to max 21 kn 6 20 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °2.3 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.5 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 10L at KSFO San Francisco Intl. Takeoff distance 297 m 8 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 68 kn. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 5 kn at 89 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 297 m8 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 68 knTarget 62 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.91 m2.69 m left to 0.22 m right 2.69 0.51 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.4 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.2 3.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Climb 1 96.62Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 10L KSFO San Francisco Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Heading variation -0.5 °-1.5 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -1.5 °
100 % Average speed 76 kn68 kn min to max 83 kn 68 83 kn
92 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.5 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.5 4.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.84 g min to max 1.17 g 1.09 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 318 ft/m183 ft/m min to max 484 ft/m 340 445 ft/m
Info Average altitude 24 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 47 ft agl 0 47 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °2.9 ° min to max 7.5 ° 3.7 5.7 °
Departure Climb 2 88.15Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 10L KSFO San Francisco Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
67 % Heading variation -3.0 °-4.7 ° min to max -1.5 ° -1.5 -4.7 °
100 % Average speed 88 kn83 kn min to max 92 kn 83 92 kn
86 % Average bank angle 6.0 °4.1 ° min to max 7.3 ° 4.3 7.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.76 g min to max 1.21 g 1.07 1.21 g
Info Average VSI 298 ft/m84 ft/m min to max 555 ft/m 453 522 ft/m
Info Average altitude 64 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 81 ft agl 48 81 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °1.4 ° min to max 6.8 ° 5.7 6.8 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 83 ft agl · 95 kt
Enroute Climb 99.69Enroute climb started overhead KSFO San Francisco Intl San Francisco (California, United States). Climbing from 100 ft asl to 1,523 ft asl, an increase of 1,422 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 103 kn76 kn min to max 112 kn 92 111 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 17.5 ° 7.3 0.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.01 g0.78 g min to max 1.61 g 1.21 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 419 ft/m-1,702 ft/m min to max 1,696 ft/m 540 -223 ft/m
Info Average altitude 933 ft asl100 ft asl min to max 1,546 ft asl 100 1,523 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °-10.0 ° min to max 11.6 ° 6.9 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Visitacion Valley (California, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,421 ft asl1,193 ft asl min to max 1,546 ft asl 1,520 1,193 ft asl
100 % Average speed 110 kn92 kn min to max 121 kn 112 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.1 ° min to max 25.3 ° 1.0 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.17 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-3.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° -0.1 -3.2 °
Arrival Final 3 70.53Approaching runway 10R at KOAK Metropolitan Oakland Intl from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,177 ft agl to 918 ft agl. A decrease of 259 ft in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
5 % Approach angle 4.6 °4.4 ° min to max 4.7 °Target 3.0 ° 4.4 4.7 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn89 kn min to max 94 kn 94 89 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
96 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -652 ft/m-795 ft/m min to max -448 ft/m -795 -759 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,052 ft agl918 ft agl min to max 1,177 ft agl 1,177 918 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.4 ° min to max -1.0 ° -3.1 -3.4 °
22.252.52.7539009501,0001,0501,1001,150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 69.29Approaching runway 10R at KOAK Metropolitan Oakland Intl from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 905 ft agl to 477 ft agl. A decrease of 427 ft in 39 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 5.2 °4.7 ° min to max 5.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.7 5.1 °
100 % Average speed 78 kn71 kn min to max 89 kn 89 76 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
96 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.2 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -648 ft/m-1,013 ft/m min to max 20 ft/m -765 -1,008 ft/m
Info Average altitude 744 ft agl477 ft agl min to max 905 ft agl 905 477 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-5.9 ° min to max 2.2 ° -3.5 -5.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 833 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 660 ft agl · 84 kt
11.251.51.752500550600650700750800850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 79.14Approaching runway 10R at KOAK Metropolitan Oakland Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 459 ft agl to 107 ft agl. A decrease of 352 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 5.0 °4.3 ° min to max 5.8 °Target 3.0 ° 5.0 5.8 °
100 % Average speed 65 kn56 kn min to max 76 kn 76 56 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
96 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.2 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -595 ft/m-1,069 ft/m min to max -330 ft/m -1,069 -330 ft/m
Info Average altitude 222 ft agl107 ft agl min to max 459 ft agl 459 107 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-5.5 ° min to max 2.0 ° -5.5 2.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 53.67Landing on runway 10R at KOAK Metropolitan Oakland Intl, runway length 1,891 m. Threshold height at 93 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was a little below target at 55 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 55 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.5 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.1 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.13 g 1.02 0.91 g
Info Average speed 45 kn35 kn min to max 55 kn 55 36 kn
Info Average VSI -331 ft/m-505 ft/m min to max -55 ft/m -311 -303 ft/m
Info Average altitude 37 ft agl-4 ft agl min to max 93 ft agl 93 -4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °-0.4 ° min to max 9.3 ° 1.8 2.5 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 14 ft agl · 49 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 15 ft agl · 47 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 13 ft agl · 46 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5 ft agl · 45 kt
07515022530037545052560067501836547290Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 93.08Touchdown point was 47 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 36 kn was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -303 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 12.3 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 5 kn at 210 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown VSI was -303 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 489 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 36 knTarget 53 kn
66 % Runway alignment max 12.35 m12.12 m left 11.70 12.35 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.4 1.4 °
98 % Average g force 1.24 g0.91 g min to max 1.56 g 0.91 1.10 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 36 kn36 kn min to max 36 kn 36 36 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.5 2.6 °
Arrival Rollout 84.24Total landing distance 553 m, 29 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.7 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 553 m29 % of runway.
65 % Runway alignment max 12.66 m12.66 m left to 0.00 m left 12.35 12.66 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g1.01 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.01 g
Info Average speed 39 kn32 kn min to max 45 kn 45 32 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.3 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 0.7 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 5 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn0 kn min to max 28 kn 28 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.8 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.8 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.5 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.6 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 68 kt with 2.2° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.2° off4° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 12 kt 2.2° 0 s
Liftoff256 m 68 kt 2.2° 81 s
35 ft560 m · 7.9 s after liftoff 81 kt 4.2° 89 s
End of the climb915 m · 81 ft 92 kt 6.8° 97 s

Takeoff from KSFO 10L

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
297m8 %
Liftoff speed100.00
68kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.69m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.62
318fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 81 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,807 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 68 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 3,516 m runway.

Rolled from 149 m in, drifted 2.6 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 11 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 2.63 m LROLL 149 M INAirborne 405 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 405 m of 3,516 m · 12 %
Behind the start of the roll, 149 mTakeoff roll, 256 m Left ahead, 3,112 m

The approach to KOAK 10R

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

On the glideslope from 3.6 nm, where the final began, to 1.4 nm, then high to 0.7 nm (up to 380 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,3511,045834658315
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 3.6 nm, where the final began, to 3.3 nm, then drifted 146 m left between 3.3 and 2.4 nm, then inside the band from 2.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND141 m L30 m L8 m L6 m L15 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KOAK 10R

Over the threshold

Threshold height15.53
93ft
Threshold speed100.00
54kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.15m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
495m
Centreline66.10
12.35m L
Speed100.00
35kt
Touchdown rate92.99
-312fpm
Impact98.29
1.56G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

4 kt across from the right, which takes about 6° of crab to hold the centreline at 36 kt. Touched down with the nose 7° into wind, wings level.

Wind 210° at 5 kt · 1 kt tail · 4 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 47 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 4 s, an average deceleration of 0.25 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 74 mtouchdown91 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 93 ft, 43 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 495 m in, 190 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

93 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −303 fpm · 2.5° nose up · 36 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 93 ft, down at 495 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 460 fpm at 90 ft to 60 fpm at 11 ft, then back up to 300 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−303 fpm at touchdown2.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,891 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 12 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 12 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 4 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 495 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 495 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 544 m of 1,891 m · 29 %
In the air over the runway, 495 mRollout, 49 m Left over, 1,347 m
Rollout distance100.00
49m28 % used
Rollout alignment64.97
12.66m L

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