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CYBW
Calgary, Canada
Runway 35
Elevation3,934 ft asl
Weight3,154 lbs
Fuel570 lbs
Wind250° · 7 kn · 6 kn cross

Flight Score

92.94 %
KXWA
Williston, United States
Runway 32
Elevation2,356 ft asl
Weight2,933 lbs
Fuel347 lbs
Wind40° · 11 kn · 11 kn cross
16 May 2026 2:42 453 nm Mooney Ovation M20R 223 lbs
Departure Score
93.45 %
Enroute Score
95.98 %
Arrival Score
89.40 %

What went well

Landed straight in a 10 kn crosswind — 6.4 ft off the centreline, no bounce
Touchdown 127 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Flare on profile — 92 %

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown rate was -448 fpm at 11 %, g force 0.86 to 1.58 g at 81 %, −1.56 points
Enroute Level — stall warning; speed limits at 0 %, −1.33 points
Arrival Approach — 300 ft gate 86 %, −1.19 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −0.75 points

Next time

Maintain the centreline

See Departure Roll

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 3.1 4.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3,934 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3,934 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3,934 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3,934 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Activated 3,934 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3,934 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3,934 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3,934 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Deactivated 3,934 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 35 at CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport, Average speed was 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 2 kt0 kt min to max 17 kt 0 17 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °4.1 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Runway Surface Conditions 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info 49 Activated 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info 49 Deactivated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Roll 88.79Departure roll runway 35 at CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport. Takeoff distance 2,662 ft 53 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kt. Local weather - Temperature 35 °F. Wind 7 kt at 250 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,662 ft53 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 70 ktTarget 68 kt
94 % Runway alignment max 15.4 ft right1.2 ft left to 15.4 ft right -4.3 -4.7 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.1 ° min to max 9.2 ° 4.1 9.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.1 5.7 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 96.13Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 35 CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -1.6 °
100 % Average speed 73 kt70 kt min to max 75 kt 70 73 kt
91 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.0 ° min to max 8.0 ° 6.3 0.2 °
99 % Average g force 1.05 g0.63 g min to max 1.22 g 1.08 0.84 g
Info Average VSI 658 fpm374 fpm min to max 839 fpm 374 833 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 0 32 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °1.6 ° min to max 15.4 ° 9.3 11.6 °
Departure Climb 2 94.44Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 35 CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Heading variation -2.4 °-3.4 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.6 -2.8 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt70 kt min to max 78 kt 73 74 kt
95 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° 0.3 5.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.84 g min to max 1.09 g 0.84 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 760 fpm340 fpm min to max 1,427 fpm 827 1,427 fpm
Info Average altitude 95 ft agl33 ft agl min to max 326 ft agl 33 326 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.5 °10.2 ° min to max 17.9 ° 11.9 17.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 119 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 142 ft agl · 74 kt
Departure Climb 3 87.88Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 35 CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
70 % Climb speed 81 kt72 kt min to max 89 ktTarget 104 kt, 23 kt slow 73 88 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.4 °2.7 ° min to max 16.4 ° 2.7 16.4 °
99 % Average g force 0.97 g0.64 g min to max 1.15 g 0.95 0.83 g
100 % Landing gear up at 112 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -1.4 °-2.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° -2.6 0.5 °
Info Average VSI 537 fpm-304 fpm min to max 1,444 fpm 1,444 1,228 fpm
Info Average altitude 420 ft agl351 ft agl min to max 483 ft agl 351 483 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °3.8 ° min to max 18.0 ° 18.0 11.3 °
Enroute Climb 99.98Enroute climb started 1 mile north of CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport Calgary (Alberta, Canada). Climbing from 4,430 ft asl to 5,963 ft asl, an increase of 1,533 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 93 kt73 kt min to max 107 kt 88 73 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.7 °0.1 ° min to max 24.4 ° 19.8 2.2 °
99.8 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.38 g 0.93 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,024 fpm115 fpm min to max 1,714 fpm 1,099 1,180 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,154 ft asl4,430 ft asl min to max 5,963 ft asl 4,430 5,963 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 11.0 °2.9 ° min to max 17.0 ° 10.4 17.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,237 ft agl · 109 kt
Info 49 Activated 1,237 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,434 ft agl · 101 kt
Info 49 Deactivated 1,434 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,537 ft agl · 98 kt
Enroute Level 80.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of CYBW Calgary / Springbank Airport Calgary (Alberta, Canada) and lasted 152 minutes, covering 433 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±805 ft of 6,501 ft asl6,102 ft asl min to max 6,882 ft asl 6,102 6,496 ft asl
0 % Average speed 146 kt62 kt min to max 170 kt 66 149 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 26.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
99.98 % Average g force 1.00 g0.63 g min to max 1.33 g 0.95 1.06 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-1.7 ° min to max 18.6 ° 17.9 1.3 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 2,087 ft agl · 71 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 2,442 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,163 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,198 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,200 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,197 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,200 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,201 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,221 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,360 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,360 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,360 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,398 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,608 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 2,650 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,594 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,179 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,179 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,426 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 2,426 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,426 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2,423 ft agl · 178 kt
Info 49 Activated 2,423 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,434 ft agl · 178 kt
Info 49 Deactivated 2,434 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,464 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3,193 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,193 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 3,177 ft agl · 177 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,177 ft agl · 177 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3,138 ft agl · 179 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,138 ft agl · 179 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,951 ft agl · 185 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,951 ft agl · 185 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3,013 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3,017 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3,024 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 3,327 ft agl · 164 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3,327 ft agl · 164 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 7 miles south west of NA18 Hought Airstrip Williston (North Dakota, United States). Descent from 6,497 ft asl to 4,506 ft asl, a decrease of 1,991 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 151 kt134 kt min to max 175 kt 148 134 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.83 g min to max 1.11 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -1,132 fpm-1,688 fpm min to max -17 fpm -17 -1,657 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,745 ft asl4,506 ft asl min to max 6,497 ft asl 6,497 4,506 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.8 °-6.6 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 -6.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3,429 ft agl · 194 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 5 miles west of KXWA Williston Basin Intl Williston (North Dakota, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±711 ft of 3,718 ft asl3,416 ft asl min to max 4,210 ft asl 4,210 3,417 ft asl
100 % Average speed 103 kt90 kt min to max 135 kt 134 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.0 ° min to max 37.9 ° 0.1 8.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.24 g 0.96 0.74 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-6.0 ° min to max 6.7 ° -5.7 -0.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,719 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,719 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,561 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,561 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 1,561 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,392 ft agl · 104 kt
Enroute Descent 2 99.94Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of KXWA Williston Basin Intl Williston (North Dakota, United States). Descent from 3,413 ft asl to 2,295 ft asl, a decrease of 1,118 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 88 kt74 kt min to max 108 kt 98 74 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.1 ° min to max 28.2 ° 8.5 6.6 °
99 % Average g force 1.02 g0.44 g min to max 1.50 g 0.75 1.11 g
Info Average VSI -417 fpm-1,851 fpm min to max 1,107 fpm -490 -987 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,764 ft asl2,295 ft asl min to max 3,413 ft asl 3,413 2,295 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-6.7 ° min to max 12.1 ° -2.9 2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,062 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 529 ft agl · 92 kt
Arrival Approach 85.71Final approach to runway 32 at KXWA Williston Basin Intl. Descent from 108 ft agl to -124 ft agl in 26 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On centrelinefailed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed
Arrival Landing 90.68Landing on runway 32 at KXWA Williston Basin Intl, runway length 7,493 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 65 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
74 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 65 kt. Target 79 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
92 % The flare held the target profile well. The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 5 times on the way down. Touchdown was 127 ft past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.
96 % Runway alignment max 18.1 ft left18.1 ft left to 10.0 ft left 18.1 10.0 ft
98 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.2 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.86 g0.83 g min to max 0.87 g 0.83 0.87 g
Info Average speed 64 kt63 kt min to max 65 kt 65 63 kt
Info Average VSI -165 fpm-288 fpm min to max -55 fpm -55 -288 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 7 ft agl 7 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °3.1 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.6 3.1 °
0377411114818601123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft03774111148186-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 81.22Touchdown distance was good at 122 ft. Touchdown speed at 63 kt was good. Touchdown rate was hard at -448 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 40 °F. Wind 12 kt at 40 °. Crosswind: 11 kt Headwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
11 % Touchdown rate was -448 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 122 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 63 ktTarget below 77 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 10.0 ft left8.2 ft left 10.0 6.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.2 °
81 % Average g force 1.08 g0.86 g min to max 1.58 g 0.87 1.15 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 62 kt60 kt min to max 63 kt 63 60 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.9 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.1 3.0 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 427 ft, 6 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 427 ft6 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 8.3 ft right6.0 ft left to 8.3 ft right 6.0 -8.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.01 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.02 g
Info Average speed 47 kt34 kt min to max 55 kt 55 34 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.2 °

Events

Info Runway Surface Conditions 3 ft agl · 59 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 27 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kt0 kt min to max 59 kt 26 59 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °2.6 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.8 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 8.6° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 81 kt, 23 kt under its 104 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 10490 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFFGEAR UP8.6° off13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 16 kt 4.1° 0 s
Liftoff2,108 ft · target 68 70 kt 8.6° 24.1 s
35 ft3,007 ft · 6.7 s after liftoff 73 kt 12.8° 30.8 s
Gear up3,913 ft · 112 ft · full marks to 400 ft 70 kt 12.6° 38.8 s
Climb 36,362 ft · 351 ft to 483 ft · target 104 81 kt avg 18.0° 55.9 s
End of Climb 38,511 ft · 483 ft 88 kt 11.3° 71 s

Takeoff from CYBW 35

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
2,662ft53 %
Liftoff speed100.00
70kttarget 68, 2 fast
Runway alignment93.97
15.4ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
112ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed69.95
81kttarget 104
Rate of climb96.13
657fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 483 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,432 ft of runway left; gear up at 112 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 610 fpm on average to 483 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

500 ft250 ft0CLIMB 381 kt avgtarget 104THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 ktGear up 112 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 4,978 ft runway.

Rolled from 538 ft in, drifted 15 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 6 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 53 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS6 kn75 %widest 15.4 ft RROLL 538 FT INAirborne 2,646 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,646 ft of 4,978 ft · 53 %
Behind the start of the roll, 538 ftTakeoff roll, 2,108 ft Left ahead, 2,332 ft

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate420 fpm
On glideslope3.4°
On centreline16.4° off
On speed−0.3 kt
Wings level0° bank

At the 300 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: left of the centreline all the way.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KXWA 32

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 50 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND239300 ft gate6 of 7on centreline348 ft · 82 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 3,530 ft left of the centreline at 1.1 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1065 ft L2719 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 40 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −14 kt and +11 kt on the approach speed of 79 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 79+2 kt−14 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KXWA 32

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
7ft
Threshold speed73.62
64kttarget 79, 15 slow
Centreline offset95.87
18.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
127ft
Centreline100.00
10.0ft L
Speed100.00
63kttarget 77 or less
Touchdown rate10.83
-448fpm
Impact81.14
1.58G
BouncesOk
None
The flare91.51

The flare held the target profile well. The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 5 times on the way down. Touchdown was 127 ft past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.

The crosswind

10 kt across from the right, which takes about 9° of crab to hold the centreline at 63 kt. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, away from the wind, wings level.

Wind 040° at 11 kt · 3 kt head · 10 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 60 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 6 s, an average deceleration of 0.31 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 356 fttouchdown370 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Began the flare at 41 ft, 825 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 7 ft, 43 ft below the 50 ft target; ballooned 2 ft from 6 ft. Touched down 127 ft in, 873 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

7 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 41 ft, 825 ft before the threshold−780 fpm · 2.3° · 73 kt−448 fpm · 3.1° nose up · 63 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 7 ft, down at 127 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 780 fpm at the flare to 450 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−448 fpm at touchdown3.1° at touchdown, +0.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 7,493 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 10 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 10 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 127 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 127 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 448 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 376 ft of 7,493 ft · 5 %
In the air over the runway, 127 ftRollout, 249 ft Left over, 7,117 ft
Rollout distance100.00
249ft5 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
8.3ft R

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Flight narrative

Taxiing from the parking area to the runway at Calgary / Springbank Airport (CYBW) took approximately one minute, covering less than one nautical mile. The aircraft then departed from runway 35, utilizing 2,679 feet of the available runway, which accounted for 54% of its length. The takeoff distance was achieved at a liftoff speed of 70 knots, with a temperature of 35°F and wind conditions of 7 knots at 250°.

As the aircraft climbed out of CYBW, it reached an altitude of 5,963 feet above sea level, increasing by 1,533 feet in just one minute and covering a distance of two nautical miles. The enroute climb phase was followed by a level cruise, which lasted for 152 minutes and spanned 433 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its descent, initially from 6,497 feet to 4,506 feet, a decrease of 1,991 feet in two minutes and covering five nautical miles. The descent phase was followed by a brief level cruise, lasting three minutes and covering six nautical miles, before the aircraft began its final descent. The aircraft landed on runway 32 at Williston Basin International Airport (KXWA), utilizing 122 feet of the available runway and achieving a touchdown speed of 63 knots. The total landing distance was 427 feet, accounting for just 6% of the runway length.

The flight, which covered a total distance of 452 nautical miles, utilized 223 pounds of fuel and lasted for 162 minutes. The aircraft performed well in various phases of the flight, including takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing. The landing was characterized by a good threshold height, a touchdown speed slightly below the target, and a touchdown rate that was fair. The runway touchdown alignment was very good, and the runway rollout alignment was perfect. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 40°F and wind conditions of 12 knots at 40°.

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