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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

84.51 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight992 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
9 Apr 2024 0:10 7 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
90.86 %
Pattern Score
79.49 %
Arrival Score
83.19 %

What went well

Touchdown 291 m in — inside the full-score zone
1.21 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 526 m — 25 % of the runway

What held you back

Pattern Downwind — Average altitude 491 ft agl at 0 %, g force 0.39 to 1.29 g at 79 %, −2.37 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 3.8 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 8.7 ° at 85 %, −2.30 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 5.0 ° at 0 %, −2.05 points

Next time

Hold the approach angle

See Arrival Final 2

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 13 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Departure Roll 90.95Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 54 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 54 knTarget 62 kn
55 % Runway alignment max 21.97 m6.50 m left to 15.47 m right -1.04 -15.47 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.3 ° min to max 5.9 ° 0.3 5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.2 2.4 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 91.65Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Heading variation 2.1 °1.7 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.7 2.3 °
100 % Average speed 55 kn54 kn min to max 56 kn 54 54 kn
86 % Average bank angle 4.2 °1.6 ° min to max 7.4 ° 2.6 7.3 °
87 % Average g force 1.08 g0.66 g min to max 1.47 g 1.12 0.66 g
Info Average VSI 758 ft/m426 ft/m min to max 922 ft/m 426 777 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.9 °5.2 ° min to max 15.8 ° 6.8 5.2 °
Pattern Entry 95.03Right hand pattern entry from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Distance was less than 1 nm in 247 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 89 kn54 kn min to max 130 kn 54 103 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.2 °0.0 ° min to max 48.0 ° 7.3 45.5 °
50 % Average g force 1.02 g0.14 g min to max 2.12 g 0.66 1.20 g
Info Average VSI 176 ft/m-1,875 ft/m min to max 2,277 ft/m 756 2,055 ft/m
Info Average altitude 435 ft agl62 ft agl min to max 1,218 ft agl 62 397 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °-8.8 ° min to max 16.0 ° 5.0 11.4 °
Pattern Crosswind 98.80Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Distance was less than 1 nm in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 4.0 °-9.3 ° min to max 15.6 ° -9.3 15.6 °
100 % Average speed 102 kn98 kn min to max 106 kn 100 104 kn
88 % Average g force 1.01 g0.54 g min to max 1.22 g 1.03 1.13 g
Info Average VSI 223 ft/m-352 ft/m min to max 1,956 ft/m 1,956 422 ft/m
Info Average altitude 435 ft agl418 ft agl min to max 458 ft agl 429 439 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 18.7 °1.3 ° min to max 42.9 ° 42.9 29.0 °
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-2.8 ° min to max 9.0 ° 9.0 2.4 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 69.20Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 6 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 5.0 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 5.0 °.
100 % Average speed 107 kn102 kn min to max 114 kn 104 113 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.7 °1.2 ° min to max 26.3 ° 26.3 25.8 °
92 % Average g force 1.03 g0.61 g min to max 1.28 g 1.14 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -40 ft/m-960 ft/m min to max 798 ft/m 430 -25 ft/m
Info Average altitude 443 ft agl402 ft agl min to max 472 ft agl 446 421 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-5.6 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.3 0.0 °
Pattern Downwind 64.40Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Heading -6.8 °-19.5 ° min to max 17.3 ° -13.5 17.3 °
0 % Average altitude 491 ft agl403 ft agl min to max 626 ft agl 419 626 ft agl
100 % Average speed 106 kn96 kn min to max 114 kn 113 97 kn
79 % Average g force 1.04 g0.39 g min to max 1.29 g 1.24 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 384 ft/m-863 ft/m min to max 1,194 ft/m -72 225 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 13.0 °0.1 ° min to max 31.1 ° 28.3 8.5 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-5.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° -0.5 1.4 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 70.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 4 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 176.2 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 176.2 °.
100 % Average speed 94 kn84 kn min to max 99 kn 98 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.0 ° min to max 14.0 ° 10.1 4.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.23 g 1.08 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 111 ft/m-700 ft/m min to max 872 ft/m 265 -372 ft/m
Info Average altitude 842 ft agl630 ft agl min to max 964 ft agl 630 772 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-3.8 ° min to max 5.5 ° 2.2 -1.2 °
Arrival Final 3 95.47Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 764 ft agl to 717 ft agl. A decrease of 47 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °3.1 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 79 kn76 kn min to max 83 kn 83 79 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
85 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.1 ° min to max 8.7 ° 3.6 2.1 °
86 % Average g force 1.01 g0.77 g min to max 1.50 g 0.95 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -234 ft/m-996 ft/m min to max 277 ft/m -428 -15 ft/m
Info Average altitude 731 ft agl700 ft agl min to max 764 ft agl 764 717 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-6.2 ° min to max 4.1 ° -1.8 0.5 °
Arrival Final 2 65.47Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 764 ft agl to 506 ft agl. A decrease of 258 ft in 52 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 3.8 °3.1 ° min to max 4.7 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 4.7 °
100 % Average speed 83 kn76 kn min to max 93 kn 83 78 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 -0.0 °
85 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 8.7 ° 3.6 3.7 °
86 % Average g force 1.00 g0.77 g min to max 1.50 g 0.95 0.79 g
Info Average VSI -297 ft/m-996 ft/m min to max 277 ft/m -428 -679 ft/m
Info Average altitude 663 ft agl506 ft agl min to max 764 ft agl 764 506 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-6.2 ° min to max 4.1 ° -1.8 -4.7 °
11.251.51.752450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 79.64Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 489 ft agl to 33 ft agl. A decrease of 456 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
6 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.1 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.6 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 69 kn65 kn min to max 78 kn 78 65 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.0 0.3 °
92 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.0 ° 1.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.22 g 0.83 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -663 ft/m-1,026 ft/m min to max -504 ft/m -923 -504 ft/m
Info Average altitude 119 ft agl33 ft agl min to max 489 ft agl 489 33 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-6.9 ° min to max 0.5 ° -6.9 0.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 82.06Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 65 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 65 kn. Target 63 kn
65 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.92 g min to max 1.14 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Average speed 59 kn54 kn min to max 65 kn 65 54 kn
Info Average VSI -239 ft/m-500 ft/m min to max -71 ft/m -500 -214 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 29 ft agl 29 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °0.6 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.6 2.5 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 93.30Touchdown distance was good at 288 m. Touchdown speed at 54 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -214 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Touchdown VSI was -214 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 288 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 54 knTarget 53 kn
84 % Runway alignment max 7.40 m7.14 m left 7.40 6.83 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.98 g min to max 1.21 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 54 kn54 kn min to max 54 kn 54 54 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.5 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.5 3.9 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 54 kt with 6.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

60 kt4020020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.8° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH010 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.6° 0 s
Liftoff329 m 54 kt 6.8° 16.2 s
35 ft409 m · 2.5 s after liftoff 54 kt 9.5° 18.7 s
End of the climb433 m · 44 ft 54 kt 5.3° 19.4 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
526m25 %
Liftoff speed100.00
54kt
Runway alignment54.73
15.47m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb91.65
757fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 44 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,517 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 54 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 199 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 15 m at the widest, and lifted off 16 m right. Airborne 24 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 15.35 m RROLL 199 M INAirborne 528 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 528 m of 2,124 m · 25 %
Behind the start of the roll, 199 mTakeoff roll, 329 m Left ahead, 1,597 m

The approach to CYKF 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 600 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND727871706640582300
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,357 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 2.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1357 m L243 m L26 m L18 m L6 m L6 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height63.47
28ft
Threshold speed100.00
65kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.09m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
291m
Centreline84.12
7.40m L
Speed100.00
54kt
Touchdown rate82.73
-214fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 28 ft, 22 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 291 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

28 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −214 fpm · 2.5° nose up · 54 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 28 ft, down at 291 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 500 fpm at 33 ft to 210 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−214 fpm at touchdown2.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6.8 m left of the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 291 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 291 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 291 m of 2,124 m · 14 %
In the air over the runway, 291 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,833 m

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