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CYAM
Sault Ste Marie, Canada
Runway 30
Elevation617 ft asl
Weight5,890 lbs
Fuel1,054 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

92.12 %
KMCD
Mackinac I, United States
Runway 26
Elevation728 ft asl
Weight5,778 lbs
Fuel938 lbs
25 Oct 2022 0:21 43 nm Kodiak 100 116 lbs
Departure Score
92.46 %
Enroute Score
96.27 %
Arrival Score
84.54 %

What went well

Touchdown 211 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 4.9 ft off the centreline, no bounce
1.21 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, −2.92 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 17.2 ° at 0 %, −1.33 points
Departure Roll — taxi light on should off; Runway alignment max 18.6 ft at 65 %, −1.13 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.

Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 99.20Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 2 kn1 kn min to max 10 kn 1 10 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 1 knmax 1 kn 0 0 kn
92 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.39 g 1.04 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °1.2 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.4 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 83.09Departure roll runway 30 at CYAM Sault Ste Marie. Takeoff distance 243 ft 4 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 89 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 2 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 243 ft4 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 89 knTarget 75 kn
65 % Runway alignment max 18.6 ft18.6 ft left to 0.0 ft left 11.7 18.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.4 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 30 CYAM Sault Ste Marie.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 95 kn89 kn min to max 100 kn 89 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.1 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.09 g 1.07 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 317 ft/m200 ft/m min to max 497 ft/m 200 497 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 37 ft agl 0 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °3.2 ° min to max 5.4 ° 3.3 5.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 26 ft agl · 99 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 30 CYAM Sault Ste Marie.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 106 kn100 kn min to max 129 kn 100 129 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.91 g min to max 1.11 g 1.06 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 543 ft/m397 ft/m min to max 1,244 ft/m 505 1,138 ft/m
Info Average altitude 92 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 399 ft agl 48 399 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °4.1 ° min to max 7.6 ° 5.4 5.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 134 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 60 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 148 ft agl · 118 kt
Departure Climb 3 80.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 30 CYAM Sault Ste Marie.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 132 kn130 kn min to max 136 kn 130 136 kn
0 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.5 ° min to max 17.2 ° 0.5 17.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.91 g min to max 1.03 g 0.97 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 987 ft/m702 ft/m min to max 1,190 ft/m 1,104 702 ft/m
Info Average altitude 503 ft agl407 ft agl min to max 584 ft agl 407 584 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °4.2 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.8 4.2 °
Enroute Climb 98.57Enroute climb started 1 mile west of CYAM Sault Ste Marie Sault Ste Marie (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,234 ft asl to 2,350 ft asl, an increase of 1,116 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 140 kn132 kn min to max 154 kn 139 154 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °0.1 ° min to max 26.5 ° 18.1 1.2 °
86 % Average g force 1.03 g0.50 g min to max 1.31 g 1.06 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 841 ft/m-1,223 ft/m min to max 1,814 ft/m 668 -995 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,885 ft asl1,234 ft asl min to max 2,497 ft asl 1,234 2,350 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °-3.3 ° min to max 9.4 ° 4.5 -1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,883 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,883 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,840 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,779 ft agl · 157 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of CYAM Sault Ste Marie Sault Ste Marie (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 31 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,472 ft asl2,340 ft asl min to max 2,481 ft asl 2,340 2,472 ft asl
100 % Average speed 151 kn119 kn min to max 162 kn 162 119 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 15.8 ° 1.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.22 g 1.22 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °0.4 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.4 2.6 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles north of KMCD Mackinac I Mackinac I (Michigan, United States). Descent from 2,471 ft asl to 1,310 ft asl, a decrease of 1,161 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 132 kn118 kn min to max 140 kn 119 131 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 8.5 ° 0.5 7.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.24 g 0.97 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -531 ft/m-1,015 ft/m min to max -2 ft/m -2 -433 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,862 ft asl1,310 ft asl min to max 2,471 ft asl 2,471 1,310 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-2.3 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.5 -0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,895 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 902 ft agl · 134 kt
Enroute Level 2 92.78Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Mackinac Island (Mackinac County, Michigan, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Average altitude 1,194 ft asl1,100 ft asl min to max 1,292 ft asl 1,292 1,230 ft asl
100 % Average speed 120 kn112 kn min to max 136 kn 131 115 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °0.1 ° min to max 22.1 ° 8.6 7.0 °
96 % Average g force 1.03 g0.92 g min to max 1.32 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-1.9 ° min to max 6.0 ° -0.4 1.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 506 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 519 ft agl · 119 kt
Enroute Climb 2 90.00Enroute climb started overhead Mackinac Island (Mackinac County, Michigan, United States). Climbing from 1,230 ft asl to 1,390 ft asl, an increase of 161 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 109 kn102 kn min to max 112 kn 111 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.9 °7.6 ° min to max 20.5 ° 7.6 20.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 1.05 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 290 ft/m-7 ft/m min to max 512 ft/m -7 123 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,315 ft asl1,230 ft asl min to max 1,390 ft asl 1,230 1,390 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °1.6 ° min to max 4.9 ° 2.6 2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Flaps not retracted
Info Flaps Position 2 747 ft agl · 115 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Mackinac Island (Mackinac County, Michigan, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 103 kn101 kn min to max 105 kn 102 105 kn
100 % Average bank angle 21.4 °10.1 ° min to max 26.4 ° 23.4 10.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.91 g min to max 1.11 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -704 ft/m-1,142 ft/m min to max 37 ft/m 37 -1,029 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,323 ft asl1,230 ft asl min to max 1,392 ft asl 1,392 1,230 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-4.4 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 -3.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 86.92Approaching runway 26 at KMCD Mackinac I from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 465 ft agl to 24 ft agl. A decrease of 442 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
44 % Approach angle 4.8 °4.3 ° min to max 5.3 °Target 3.0 ° 5.2 5.3 °
100 % Average speed 78 kn70 kn min to max 101 kn 101 70 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.8 0.0 °
90 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 2.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.12 g 0.93 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -693 ft/m-1,138 ft/m min to max -498 ft/m -1,138 -498 ft/m
Info Average altitude 92 ft agl24 ft agl min to max 465 ft agl 465 24 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-4.9 ° min to max 3.0 ° -4.9 3.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 639 ft agl · 106 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-190-143-95-4804895143190Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 65.00Landing on runway 26 at KMCD Mackinac I, runway length 3,498 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 69 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 69 kn. Target 68 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.03 g min to max 1.13 g 1.08 1.03 g
Info Average speed 68 kn66 kn min to max 69 kn 69 66 kn
Info Average VSI -374 ft/m-491 ft/m min to max -257 ft/m -491 -257 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 6 ft agl 6 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °3.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.2 4.5 °
025001122344556Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250-50-40-30-20-1001020304050Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 91.86Touchdown distance was good at 172 ft. Touchdown speed at 66 kn was too fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -246 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
72 % Touchdown VSI was -246 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 172 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 66 knTarget 58 kn
94 % Runway alignment max 4.9 ft2.0 ft left 0.4 4.9 ft
93 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.97 g min to max 1.21 g 1.18 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 65 kn63 kn min to max 66 kn 66 63 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.2 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 1.2 °
Arrival Rollout 94.40Total landing distance 696 ft, 20 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 696 ft20 % of runway.
88 % Runway alignment max 10.1 ft8.0 ft left to 2.2 ft right 5.3 -0.8 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.01 g
Info Average speed 50 kn34 kn min to max 64 kn 64 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.6 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.2 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 89 kt with 3.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.3° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 12 kt 1.4° 0 s
Liftoff1,631 ft 89 kt 3.3° 17.0 s
35 ft2,686 ft · 6.4 s after liftoff 100 kt 5.4° 23.4 s
End of Climb 310,283 ft · 584 ft 136 kt 4.2° 60 s

Takeoff from CYAM 30

Takeoff roll100.00
2,467ft41 %
Liftoff speed100.00
89kt
Runway alignment65.44
18.6ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
316fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 584 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,480 ft of runway left; then climbing at 810 fpm on average to 584 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 89 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 6,011 ft runway.

Rolled from 845 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 19 ft at the widest, and lifted off 19 ft left. Airborne 41 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 19.0 ft LROLL 845 FT INAirborne 2,476 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,476 ft of 6,011 ft · 41 %
Behind the start of the roll, 845 ftTakeoff roll, 1,631 ft Left ahead, 3,535 ft

The approach to KMCD 26

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 230 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND576234
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 180 ft right of the centreline at 1.1 nm, then inside the band from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR810 ft L0810 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND89 ft R13 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KMCD 26

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
5ft
Threshold speed100.00
69kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.0ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
211ft
Centreline94.00
4.9ft L
Speed100.00
65kt
Touchdown rate72.43
-246fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 4° left of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 66 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.32 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 176 ft30 kt · 611 fttouchdown636 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 3,498 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 5 ft, 45 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 211 ft in, 789 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,498 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

5 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −246 fpm · 4.5° nose up · 66 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 5 ft, down at 211 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 440 fpm at 7 ft to 250 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−246 fpm at touchdown4.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,498 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 8 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 211 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 211 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 246 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 615 ft of 3,498 ft · 18 %
In the air over the runway, 211 ftRollout, 404 ft Left over, 2,883 ft
Rollout distance100.00
404ft16 % used
Rollout alignment87.56
8.0ft L

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