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RPLL
Manila, Philippines
Runway 24
Elevation36 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

82.98 %
RPUL
Lipa, Philippines
Runway 21
Elevation1,217 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
18 Feb 2023 0:25 34 nm Cessna Skyhawk
Departure Score
86.82 %
Enroute Score
88.93 %
Arrival Score
69.07 %

What went well

Touched down at -29 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 409 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 2.36 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Enroute Level — Average altitude 4,629 ft asl at 0 %, −3.33 points
Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 27 %, −3.28 points
Arrival Taxi — landing lights on should be off, then taxi light off should be on; peak speed in a turn 24 kt at 11 %, −2.53 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 87.41Departure roll runway 24 at RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
50 % Liftoff speed was 70 knTarget 62 kn
87 % Runway alignment max 2.46 m0.00 m left to 2.46 m right -1.28 -2.02 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.4 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.5 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 77 kn70 kn min to max 81 kn 70 81 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.00 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 383 ft/m298 ft/m min to max 434 ft/m 298 434 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 0 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.7 ° min to max 5.2 ° 2.7 5.2 °
Departure Climb 2 81.10Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Heading variation -0.8 °-2.9 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -2.9 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn83 kn min to max 95 kn 83 95 kn
36 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° 1.0 5.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 599 ft/m485 ft/m min to max 786 ft/m 487 629 ft/m
Info Average altitude 146 ft agl82 ft agl min to max 391 ft agl 82 391 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.4 ° min to max 7.2 ° 5.4 7.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 201 ft agl · 92 kt
Departure Climb 3 78.77Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 24 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation -3.8 °-4.4 ° min to max -3.4 ° -3.4 -4.4 °
100 % Average speed 95 kn94 kn min to max 96 kn 94 96 kn
0 % Average bank angle 7.3 °3.6 ° min to max 10.5 ° 3.6 10.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.01 g min to max 1.10 g 1.08 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,080 ft/m779 ft/m min to max 1,288 ft/m 779 1,288 ft/m
Info Average altitude 410 ft agl371 ft agl min to max 453 ft agl 371 453 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °5.9 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.9 6.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl Manila (National Capital Region, Philippines). Climbing from 544 ft asl to 4,624 ft asl, an increase of 4,081 ft in 7 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 77 kn59 kn min to max 110 knTarget 76 kn 96 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 24.8 ° 11.5 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.14 g 0.97 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 977 ft/m-475 ft/m min to max 2,420 ft/m 1,289 134 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,159 ft asl544 ft asl min to max 4,624 ft asl 544 4,624 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °1.4 ° min to max 18.5 ° 6.3 3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 70.00Enroute level cruise started overhead San Pedro (Province of Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 20 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average altitude 4,629 ft asl4,075 ft asl min to max 5,027 ft asl 4,656 4,084 ft asl
100 % Average speed 90 kn78 kn min to max 107 kn 83 107 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 8.2 ° 0.6 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.20 g 1.01 1.06 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-2.2 ° min to max 5.4 ° 3.7 -0.3 °
Enroute Descent 96.80Enroute descent started 1 mile south of Malvar (Province of Batangas, Calabarzon, Philippines). Descent from 4,006 ft asl to 2,834 ft asl, a decrease of 1,172 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn78 kn min to max 121 kn 98 121 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.4 ° min to max 15.0 ° 0.4 1.2 °
68 % Average g force 1.01 g0.53 g min to max 1.81 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -1,576 ft/m-3,193 ft/m min to max 1,145 ft/m -538 -3,133 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,414 ft asl2,834 ft asl min to max 4,006 ft asl 4,006 2,834 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -9.8 °-19.2 ° min to max 10.1 ° -3.8 -18.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3,168 ft agl · 98 kt
Arrival 97.94Arrival started 1 mile south of Malvar (Province of Batangas, Calabarzon, Philippines).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 86 kn63 kn min to max 121 kn 117 63 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.0 °0.0 ° min to max 12.7 ° 4.3 3.0 °
90 % Average g force 1.01 g0.57 g min to max 1.34 g 1.07 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -933 ft/m-3,043 ft/m min to max 192 ft/m -3,043 -995 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,209 ft asl1,774 ft asl min to max 2,784 ft asl 2,784 1,774 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.5 °-17.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° -17.3 -1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 71.44Approaching runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 542 ft agl to 447 ft agl. A decrease of 95 ft in 7 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Approach angle 4.3 °4.2 ° min to max 4.5 °Target 3.0 ° 4.5 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn60 kn min to max 63 kn 63 60 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.4 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.4 °
0 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.2 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.6 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.05 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -840 ft/m-959 ft/m min to max -787 ft/m -959 -787 ft/m
Info Average altitude 494 ft agl447 ft agl min to max 542 ft agl 542 447 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-2.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.4 -2.3 °
11.251.51.752350400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 60.89Approaching runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 436 ft agl to 81 ft agl. A decrease of 355 ft in 46 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
11 % Approach angle 4.1 °3.1 ° min to max 4.9 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 4.9 °
100 % Average speed 54 kn50 kn min to max 61 kn 61 51 kn
93 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.3 °
0.3 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.09 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -398 ft/m-860 ft/m min to max -42 ft/m -687 -314 ft/m
Info Average altitude 173 ft agl81 ft agl min to max 436 ft agl 436 81 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.9 ° min to max 3.4 ° -0.9 2.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 40.97Landing on runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB, runway length 1,509 m. Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed at 51 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
64 % Threshold speed at 51 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 63 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
27 % Landing and flare profile
96 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.3 -0.1 °
36 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Average speed 49 kn45 kn min to max 51 kn 51 45 kn
Info Average VSI -384 ft/m-566 ft/m min to max -32 ft/m -314 -32 ft/m
Info Average altitude 33 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 79 ft agl 79 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °1.1 ° min to max 6.7 ° 2.5 6.3 °
07515022530037501632486379Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 98.21Touchdown distance was good at 386 m. Touchdown speed at 44 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -29 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -29 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 386 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 44 knTarget 53 kn
88 % Runway alignment max 2.36 m2.24 m right -2.17 -2.36 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.01 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 44 kn43 kn min to max 44 kn 44 43 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °4.1 ° min to max 6.1 ° 6.1 4.1 °
Arrival Rollout 88.44Total landing distance 764 m, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 764 m51 % of runway.
74 % Runway alignment max 4.37 m0.00 m left to 4.37 m right -2.38 -1.27 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 45 kn30 kn min to max 53 kn 53 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °0.2 ° min to max 4.0 ° 4.0 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 35 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 34 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 16 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 28 kn24 kn min to max 30 kn 30 24 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.6 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.6 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 54.50Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 17 kn3 kn min to max 24 kn 24 3 kn
11 % Average speed turning corners 14 knmax 24 kn 0 3 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights ON should be OFF
Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll565 m · 15 %
49.70Liftoff speed70 kt
87.33Runway alignment2.46 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
100.00Rate of climb383 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

0.00Threshold height79 ft
63.93Threshold speed51 kt
95.71Centreline offset0.10 m R

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on RPUL 21

Past threshold100.00
409m
Centreline88.04
2.36m R
Speed100.00
44kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-29fpm
Impact100.00
1.02G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,509 m of the approach.

79 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 79 ft, down at 409 m

Plan view — the full 1,509 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 409 m past threshold CLEARED

The 409 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 756 m of 1,509 m · 50 %
Rollout distance100.00
347m49 % used
Rollout alignment74.31
4.37m R

The rest of the report

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Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 24 at RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl in the Cessna Skyhawk
86.82 %
87.41 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 24 at RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
49.7 %
Liftoff speed was 70 kn - Target 55 kn
Alignment
87.33 %
0.00 m left to 2.46 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250-30-25-20-15-10-5051015202530 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
100 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
6 4 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
500 200 -100
81.1 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
Alignment
88.62 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
35.78 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 6.5 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 550 300
78.77 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 24 RPLL Ninoy Aquino Intl.
Alignment
93.83 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 95 90
Bank °
0 %
11 7 3
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
7 6 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 950 600
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250086172258344430 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300400 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 72.13 %
71.44 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 542 ft agl to 447 ft agl. A decrease of 95 ft in 7 seconds.
Glideslope
71.48 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
71.48 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
63 56 50
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
0 %
6 3 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-787 -894 -1,000
11.251.51.752350400450500 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-40-30-20-10010203040 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
60.89 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 436 ft agl to 81 ft agl. A decrease of 355 ft in 46 seconds.
Glideslope
10.98 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
93.21 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
10.98 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
61 55 50
Alignment
93.21 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
0.25 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-42 -471 -900
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
40.97 %
Landing
Landing on runway 21 at RPUL Fernando AB, runway length 1,509 m. Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed at 51 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
63.93 %
Threshold speed at 51 kt was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 65 kt
Flare
27.46 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
95.71 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
35.5 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
51 46 40
Pitch °
Info
7 4 1
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-32 -316 -600
07515022530037501632486379 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
98.21 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 386 m. Touchdown speed at 44 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -29 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
100 %
Touchdown rate was perfect at -29 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 44 kt was a little fast. Target below 44 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 386 m.
Alignment
88.04 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.4 °
G
100 %
G 1.00 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
88.44 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 764 m, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 764 m using 50.6 % of runway
Alignment
74.31 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
43 27 10
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
0200400600 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
54.5 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
Switched On
Taxi Lights
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
30 15 0
Turn Speed
11.25 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
Metrics
Metrics

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