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LOWS
Salzburg, Austria
Runway 33
Elevation1,411 ft asl
Weight976 kg
Fuel977 kg

Flight Score

87.14 %
LOWS
Salzburg, Austria
Runway 33
Elevation1,411 ft asl
Weight971 kg
Fuel971 kg
10 Nov 2025 0:12 11 nm Cessna C172 5 kg
Departure Score
93.92 %
Enroute Score
99.78 %
Arrival Score
67.73 %

What went well

Touched down at -271 fpm — a soft arrival
1.22 G at touchdown — inside band
Lifted off at 61 kt — on the 65 kt rotation target

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 0 %, Threshold speed was excessively high at 82 kt at 45 %, −6.16 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 4.7 ° at 26 %, Heading variation 0.6 ° at 48 %, −3.14 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 14.88 m left at 57 %, Touchdown distance was 817 m at 61 %, −1.46 points

Next time

Departure

Apply small rudder corrections to track the centreline against a point at the far end of the runway.

What happened: The takeoff roll drifted 12 m off the centreline, and a heading variation of 1.1° usually follows into the initial climb.

Watch for: Heading indicator: wings-level runway heading held through the climb

See Departure RollDeparture Climb 1

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport, Average speed was 19 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 26 kt
Info Average pitch angle -4.5 °-5.5 ° min to max -3.3 ° -5.5 -3.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.1 0.8 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.92 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.99 g

Events

Info Taxi Lights Off
Info Navigation Lights Off
Info Beacon Lights On
Info Strobe Lights Off
Info Landing Lights Off
Info Landing Gear Down
Info Flaps Fully Retracted
Info Parking Brake Off
Departure Roll 83.20Departure roll runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport. Takeoff distance 141 m 6 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kt. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. .
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 141 m6 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 62 ktTarget 65 kt
66 % Runway alignment max 12.37 m right0.00 m left to 12.37 m right -11.52 -12.23 m
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.22 g 0.97 1.22 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -4.6 °-10.0 ° min to max -2.8 ° -3.4 -10.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 98.47Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 33 LOWS Salzburg Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation 1.1 °0.6 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 67 kt62 kt min to max 71 kt 62 71 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.21 g 1.21 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 398 fpm285 fpm min to max 561 fpm 406 561 fpm
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 40 ft agl 0 40 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.9 °-10.4 ° min to max -7.0 ° -10.1 -9.7 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 33 LOWS Salzburg Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 74 kt71 kt min to max 81 kt 71 81 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 577 fpm478 fpm min to max 859 fpm 565 859 fpm
Info Average altitude 99 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 369 ft agl 40 369 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.5 °-10.5 ° min to max -7.2 ° -9.7 -9.2 °
Departure Climb 3 94.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 33 LOWS Salzburg Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.2 °0.7 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.7 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt76 kt min to max 81 kt 81 76 kt
70 % Average bank angle 5.1 °0.0 ° min to max 13.4 ° 0.2 13.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 0.94 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 880 fpm656 fpm min to max 1,056 fpm 875 845 fpm
Info Average altitude 542 ft agl385 ft agl min to max 723 ft agl 385 723 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -9.5 °-11.0 ° min to max -7.5 ° -8.6 -9.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LOWS Salzburg Airport Salzburg (Salzburg, Austria). Climbing from 1,796 ft asl to 2,700 ft asl, an increase of 903 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 85 kt74 kt min to max 96 kt 76 86 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.8 °0.4 ° min to max 20.3 ° 14.0 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.21 g 0.98 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 441 fpm-332 fpm min to max 1,073 fpm 764 336 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,373 ft asl1,796 ft asl min to max 2,700 ft asl 1,796 2,700 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.8 °-11.6 ° min to max -0.8 ° -8.7 -3.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of LOWS Salzburg Airport Salzburg (Salzburg, Austria). Descent from 2,704 ft asl to 1,874 ft asl, a decrease of 830 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kt86 kt min to max 109 kt 86 109 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.7 °0.2 ° min to max 25.2 ° 0.2 24.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.85 g min to max 1.17 g 0.89 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -578 fpm-1,216 fpm min to max 510 fpm 193 -1,216 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,409 ft asl1,874 ft asl min to max 2,748 ft asl 2,704 1,874 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-6.2 ° min to max 4.5 ° -2.2 4.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Salzburg (Salzburg, Austria) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±593 ft of 1,733 ft asl1,687 ft asl min to max 1,854 ft asl 1,854 1,738 ft asl
100 % Average speed 92 kt85 kt min to max 108 kt 108 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.2 °0.1 ° min to max 23.8 ° 23.8 2.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.27 g 1.15 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-5.3 ° min to max 4.2 ° 3.5 -1.8 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LOWS Salzburg Airport Salzburg (Salzburg, Austria). Climbing from 1,738 ft asl to 2,341 ft asl, an increase of 603 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kt66 kt min to max 93 kt 92 80 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.2 ° min to max 17.2 ° 2.8 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.78 g min to max 1.41 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 401 fpm-610 fpm min to max 1,259 fpm 46 290 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,060 ft asl1,738 ft asl min to max 2,341 ft asl 1,738 2,341 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.5 °-11.6 ° min to max 1.0 ° -1.8 -5.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 98.92Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Bergheim (Salzburg, Austria) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Altitude held within ±617 ft of 2,263 ft asl1,488 ft asl min to max 2,721 ft asl 2,346 1,488 ft asl
100 % Average speed 75 kt65 kt min to max 92 kt 81 82 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.8 °0.1 ° min to max 19.5 ° 0.1 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.71 g min to max 1.27 g 0.98 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-16.7 ° min to max 7.9 ° -4.8 7.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,138 ft agl · 78 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 923 ft agl · 79 kt
Arrival Final 1 71.72Approaching runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 54 ft agl to -273 ft agl. A decrease of 327 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
26 % Approach angle 4.7 °4.3 ° min to max 6.2 °Target 3.0 ° 6.2 4.6 °
100 % Average speed 84 kt82 kt min to max 84 kt 82 82 kt
48 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.8 0.4 °
84 % Average bank angle 5.3 °0.0 ° min to max 8.8 ° 0.0 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.89 g min to max 1.23 g 1.02 1.19 g
Info Average VSI -803 fpm-1,328 fpm min to max -328 fpm -1,328 -328 fpm
Info Average altitude -220 ft agl-273 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl 54 -273 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-1.7 ° min to max 7.8 ° 7.8 -1.7 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 44.59Landing on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport, runway length 2,312 m. Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 82 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 82 kt. Target 60 kt
46 % Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
94 % Runway alignment max 0.20 m left0.20 m left to 0.12 m left 0.12 0.17 m
91 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.3 ° 2.9 0.3 °
67 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 2.64 g 1.20 0.93 g
Info Average speed 64 kt50 kt min to max 82 kt 82 50 kt
Info Average VSI -198 fpm-464 fpm min to max 191 fpm -321 -187 fpm
Info Average altitude 46 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 81 ft agl 79 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.4 °-6.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.8 -5.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 25 ft agl · 63 kt
07515022530037545052560067575082590001633496682Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 86.88Touchdown point was 375 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -187 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.9 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. .
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Touchdown rate was -187 fpm.
61 % Touchdown distance was 817 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 50 ktTarget below 57 kt
57 % Runway alignment max 14.88 m left14.78 m left 14.74 14.77 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.22 g 0.93 0.99 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 50 kt50 kt min to max 50 kt 50 50 kt
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-5.2 ° min to max -2.9 ° -5.2 -2.9 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 45 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 22 kt6 kt min to max 26 kt 26 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.4 ° min to max -1.6 ° -3.0 -1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 1.3 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.05 1.01 g

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll215 m · 9 %
100.00Liftoff speed61 kt · target 65, 4 slow
66.02Runway alignment12.37 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
98.47Rate of climb398 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

46.00Threshold height74 ft
44.71Threshold speed82 kt · target 67, 15 fast
94.00Centreline offset0.20 m L
Flare 0.00Very poor landing flare

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 300 ft gate: sink rate above what the glideslope needed, off the runway's 3° glideslope and off the centreline.

The approach, gate by gate

Gate Height Centreline Speed
THR 74 ft 13.11 m L +15 kt

Touchdown on LOWS 33

Past threshold60.68
817m
Centreline56.87
14.77m L
Speed100.00
50kttarget 64 or less
Touchdown rate96.99
-271fpm
Impact100.00
1.22G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

74 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 74 ft, down at 817 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,312 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 817 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 817 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 817 m of 2,312 m · 35 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport. The aircraft, a Cessna C172, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 62 kt, covering a distance of 141 m, which was 6% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 12 °C.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began to ascend from an initial altitude of 1,796 ft above sea level to 2,700 ft, an increase of 903 ft over a distance of 2 nm in just 2 minutes. This climb phase was followed by a descent from 2,704 ft to 1,874 ft, a decrease of 830 ft over the same distance and time period. The aircraft then leveled off for a short period of 2 minutes, covering 2 nm, before beginning another climb phase from 1,738 ft to 2,341 ft, an increase of 603 ft over 2 nm in 2 minutes.

The aircraft then entered a level cruise phase, lasting 4 minutes, while flying over Bergheim, a nearby town in Salzburg, Austria. This cruise phase covered a distance of 2 nm. The final approach to runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport was initiated from the south, with the aircraft flying at a heading of 343.0 ° and an altitude of 54 ft above ground level.

The landing on runway 33 was notable for several factors. The threshold height at 79 ft above ground level was well above the target, and the threshold speed was excessively high at 82 kt. The touchdown point was 374 m beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed was good at 50 kt. The touchdown rate was also good at -187 fpm. However, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.9 m from the centreline.

The total flight distance was 11 nm, and the flight duration was 12 minutes. The aircraft used 5 kg of fuel during the flight. The local weather conditions remained consistent throughout the flight, with a temperature of 12 °C.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport in the Cessna 172
93.92 %
83.2 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport. Takeoff distance 141 m 6 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kt. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. .
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 141 m using 6.08 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 62 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
66.02 %
0.00 m left to 12.37 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
0 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
0 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 55 40
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
-1 -5 -9
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
98.47 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 33 LOWS Salzburg Airport.
Alignment
93.89 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
-5 -7.5 -10
Climb Rate fpm
Info
600 250 -100
100 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 33 LOWS Salzburg Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
-6 -8 -10
Climb Rate fpm
Info
900 600 300
94 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 33 LOWS Salzburg Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
70 %
14 7 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
-6 -8.5 -11
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 800 500
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2500112224336448560 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport in the Cessna 172
Landing Score 67.73 %
Landing Summary

The Cessna C172 aircraft has successfully landed at LOWS Salzburg Airport, but with some notable areas for improvement. The final approach to runway 33 was initiated from the south, with the aircraft heading 343.0° at 0 nm and 54 ft above ground level (agl). This suggests a stable and controlled descent into the airport.

However, upon closer inspection, it becomes apparent that the aircraft's performance during the landing was not entirely satisfactory. The threshold height at 79 ft agl was significantly above the target, indicating that the aircraft may have been descending too slowly or not aggressively enough. This could be attributed to a variety of factors, including the pilot's decision to maintain a slower rate of descent or the aircraft's performance characteristics.

Furthermore, the threshold speed of 82 kt was excessively high, suggesting that the pilot may have been experiencing difficulty in slowing the aircraft down to a safe landing speed. This could be due to a range of factors, including the aircraft's airspeed, the pilot's control inputs, or the wind conditions.

Despite these issues, the touchdown point was 374 m beyond the touchdown zone, which is a significant deviation from the intended landing spot. This could be attributed to a combination of factors, including the pilot's misjudgment of the aircraft's position, the aircraft's performance characteristics, or the wind conditions.

On a more positive note, the touchdown speed of 50 kt was good, indicating that the pilot was able to bring the aircraft down to a safe speed before touching down. Additionally, the touchdown rate of -187 fpm was also good, suggesting that the pilot was able to control the aircraft's descent and avoid a hard landing.

Finally, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.9 m from the centreline, which could be attributed to a range of factors, including the pilot's misjudgment of the aircraft's position, the aircraft's performance characteristics, or the wind conditions. Overall, while the landing was successful, there are several areas for improvement that the pilot and aircraft should focus on to enhance their performance and safety.

71.72 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 54 ft agl to -273 ft agl. A decrease of 327 ft in 18 seconds.
Glideslope
26.21 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
48 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
26.21 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
84 82 80
Alignment
48 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
84.38 %
9 4.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-328 -864 -1,400
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-110-83-55-280285583110 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
44.59 %
Landing
Landing on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg Airport, runway length 2,312 m. Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 82 kt.
Height
46 %
Threshold height at 79 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
44.71 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 82 kt. Target 60 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
94 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
91.39 %
6 3 0
G
67.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
82 66 50
Pitch °
Info
1 -2.5 -6
Descent Rate fpm
Info
191 -154 -500
07515022530037545052560067575082590001633496682 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
86.88 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 375 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -187 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.9 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. .
Touchdown
96.99 %
Touchdown rate was good at -187 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Target below 57 kn
Distance
60.83 %
Touchdown point was 374 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
56.87 %
Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.9 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.4 °
G
100 %
G 0.99 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Metrics
Metrics

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