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LIPB
Bolzano (BZ), Italy
Runway 01
Elevation778 ft asl
Weight1,946 kg
Fuel269 kg
Wind360° · 15 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

98.55 %
EDTF
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Runway 34
Elevation797 ft asl
Weight1,805 kg
Fuel93 kg
Wind1° · 8 kn · 3 kn cross
2 Apr 2026 1:21 263 nm M500 176 kg
Departure Score
97.90 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
97.76 %

What went well

Touched down at -126 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 221 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 9 ft and 86 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 105 kt against 130 kt at 75 %, −0.66 points
Arrival Taxi — Landing Lights at 1 %, −0.33 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 5.65 m left at 93 %, −0.22 points

Next time

Departure

Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 130 kt.

What happened: Climb speed was 105 kt against a target of 130 kt, running 25 kt slow through the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 130 kt.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Apply small rudder corrections at touchdown, aiming at a point at the far end of the runway, to stay on the centreline.

What happened: Touchdown drifted 5.7 m off the centreline, and landings like this usually carry that drift into the rollout, where the alignment error grew to 5.7 m.

Watch for: Runway centreline: aircraft tracking directly over it through touchdown and rollout.

See Arrival TouchdownArrival Rollout

Between four hundred and a thousand feet you're heavy, close to the ground and still carrying flap, and speed is the margin holding all three apart. Slow here doesn't feel like anything — the aeroplane climbs, the nose is up, nothing complains — right up until a turn, a gust or a bank tightens the wing's job and the margin is already gone. The fix is rarely "fly faster", it's lowering the nose a degree and letting the speed build before the next thing you do. Pitch buys altitude, speed buys options, and at this height options are the scarcer of the two.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 20 stages, 18 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 21 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 0 1 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.2 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 01 at LIPB Bolzano Airport, Average speed was 20 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 5 kt0 kt min to max 19 kt 0 19 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-1.8 ° min to max -1.4 ° -1.4 -1.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 17 kt
Departure Roll 99.38Departure roll runway 01 at LIPB Bolzano Airport. Takeoff distance 684 m 40 % of runway. Rotation speed was 86 kt. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 15 kt at 359 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 15 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 684 m40 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 86 ktTarget 90 kt
97 % Runway alignment max 4.47 m left4.47 m left to 0.00 m left 4.46 3.41 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.6 ° min to max 3.6 ° -1.6 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 96 kt90 kt min to max 101 kt 90 101 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.3 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.00 g min to max 1.18 g 1.03 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 692 fpm383 fpm min to max 985 fpm 383 985 fpm
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 1 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °2.9 ° min to max 9.9 ° 3.1 9.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.2 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 100 kt92 kt min to max 102 kt 101 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.6 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.84 g min to max 1.14 g 1.12 0.84 g
Info Average VSI 1,422 fpm996 fpm min to max 2,286 fpm 996 2,200 fpm
Info Average altitude 113 ft agl50 ft agl min to max 371 ft agl 50 371 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °10.0 ° min to max 15.3 ° 10.0 14.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 97 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 376 ft agl · 97 kt
Departure Climb 3 90.15Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
75 % Climb speed 105 kt91 kt min to max 113 ktTarget 130 kt, 25 kt slow 91 111 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.8 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.76 g min to max 1.07 g 0.76 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up at 93 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.1 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 -0.7 °
Info Average VSI 1,499 fpm1,018 fpm min to max 2,237 fpm 1,954 2,237 fpm
Info Average altitude 662 ft agl402 ft agl min to max 1,015 ft agl 402 1,015 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °8.8 ° min to max 14.4 ° 12.9 14.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 463 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 463 ft agl · 102 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 1,836 ft asl to 17,434 ft asl, an increase of 15,598 ft in 10 minutes and covering 24 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 108 kt98 kt min to max 162 kt 109 162 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.0 ° min to max 29.1 ° 1.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.76 g min to max 1.14 g 0.97 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 1,862 fpm-21 fpm min to max 2,439 fpm 2,275 -21 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,121 ft asl1,836 ft asl min to max 17,434 ft asl 1,836 17,434 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 12.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 15.0 ° 14.4 -0.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,179 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,179 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 11,891 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 13,316 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 13,360 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 15,753 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 15,753 ft agl · 188 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Civezzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,372 ft of 17,426 ft asl17,376 ft asl min to max 17,436 ft asl 17,432 17,424 ft asl
100 % Average speed 175 kt166 kt min to max 180 kt 166 176 kt
100 % Average bank angle 21.6 °0.2 ° min to max 25.8 ° 0.2 25.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.89 g min to max 1.30 g 0.89 1.11 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.4 3.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 15,076 ft agl · 236 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 15,076 ft agl · 236 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Lisignago (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 17,442 ft asl to 23,285 ft asl, an increase of 5,843 ft in 5 minutes and covering 18 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 149 kt136 kt min to max 177 kt 177 142 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.9 °0.0 ° min to max 25.4 ° 25.4 18.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.12 g 1.06 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 980 fpm35 fpm min to max 1,258 fpm 1,063 88 fpm
Info Average altitude 20,617 ft asl17,442 ft asl min to max 23,285 ft asl 17,442 23,285 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °2.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 3.7 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 22,369 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 22,369 ft agl · 201 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead LIPB Bolzano Airport Bolzano (BZ) (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy) and lasted 29 minutes, covering 118 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,664 ft of 23,273 ft asl23,252 ft asl min to max 23,306 ft asl 23,286 23,256 ft asl
100 % Average speed 169 kt143 kt min to max 173 kt 143 172 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.2 °0.0 ° min to max 17.7 ° 17.7 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.11 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 0.4 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north west of Meckenbeuren (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Descent from 23,254 ft asl to 4,852 ft asl, a decrease of 18,402 ft in 14 minutes and covering 54 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 178 kt168 kt min to max 184 kt 172 168 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.5 ° min to max 25.0 ° 0.7 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,238 fpm-1,573 fpm min to max -1 fpm -1 -48 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,373 ft asl4,852 ft asl min to max 23,254 ft asl 23,254 4,852 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-4.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 13,203 ft agl · 227 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 13,203 ft agl · 227 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8,855 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,364 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,364 ft agl · 196 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Friedenweiler (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±743 ft of 4,857 ft asl4,848 ft asl min to max 4,874 ft asl 4,853 4,853 ft asl
100 % Average speed 179 kt172 kt min to max 194 kt 172 176 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 11.1 ° 0.3 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.70 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 -0.0 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Guetenbach (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Descent from 4,852 ft asl to 1,832 ft asl, a decrease of 3,020 ft in 5 minutes and covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 165 kt148 kt min to max 181 kt 177 156 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 1.0 0.1 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.01 g0.66 g min to max 1.29 g 1.09 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -657 fpm-1,339 fpm min to max 530 fpm -96 -92 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,863 ft asl1,826 ft asl min to max 4,873 ft asl 4,852 1,832 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-5.4 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.4 -1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,911 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,911 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,643 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,643 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,662 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,662 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,377 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,254 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,137 ft agl · 164 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,137 ft agl · 164 kt
Enroute Level 4 99.99Enroute level cruise started overhead Gundelfingen (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±591 ft of 1,555 ft asl1,110 ft asl min to max 1,830 ft asl 1,830 1,110 ft asl
100 % Average speed 128 kt98 kt min to max 156 kt 155 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.4 °0.0 ° min to max 35.9 ° 0.2 0.3 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.03 g0.59 g min to max 1.34 g 1.11 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-4.8 ° min to max 7.4 ° -1.2 -3.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,110 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,096 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,024 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 570 ft agl · 131 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 34 at EDTF Freiburg im Breisgau Airfield. Descent from 601 ft agl to 27 ft agl in 51 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 98 ft agl · 100 kt
Arrival Landing 99.61Landing on runway 34 at EDTF Freiburg im Breisgau Airfield, runway length 1,040 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 87 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 87 kt. Target 89 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.8° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 221 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
96 % Runway alignment max 5.71 m left5.71 m left to 3.08 m left 3.08 5.71 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.10 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 83 kt79 kt min to max 87 kt 87 79 kt
Info Average VSI -232 fpm-428 fpm min to max -161 fpm -428 -189 fpm
Info Average altitude 1 ft agl-7 ft agl min to max 10 ft agl 10 -7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °1.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.0 1.8 °
07515022501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.43Touchdown distance was good at 220 m. Touchdown speed at 79 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -126 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 8 kt at 1 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Touchdown rate was -126 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 221 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 79 ktTarget below 86 kt
90 % Runway alignment max 5.74 m left5.72 m left 5.71 5.66 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 80 kt79 kt min to max 80 kt 79 80 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.8 0.2 °
Arrival Rollout 96.69Total landing distance 639 m, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 639 m61 % of runway.
93 % Runway alignment max 5.65 m left5.65 m left to 3.71 m right 5.65 -3.71 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average speed 67 kt40 kt min to max 74 kt 74 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 14 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kt9 kt min to max 36 kt 36 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -2.1 -2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 18 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 10 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-3.6 ° min to max -0.1 ° -2.4 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.7 1.6 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 86 kt, 4 kt below the 90 kt target, and lifted off at 90 kt 2.0 s later, the nose coming up at 2.4° a second. Climb 3 averaged 105 kt, 25 kt under its 130 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 130120 kt8040020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 903.6° off · 2.4°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 38 kt -1.6° 0 s
Rotate324 m · target 90 86 kt -1.2° 12.2 s
Liftoff403 m · +4 kt from rotation 90 kt 3.6° 14.1 s
35 ft575 m · 3.9 s after liftoff 99 kt 9.1° 18.0 s
Gear up685 m · 93 ft · full marks to 400 ft 101 kt 12.2° 20.5 s
Climb 31,081 m · 402 ft to 1,015 ft · target 130 105 kt avg 12.9° 29.8 s
End of Climb 32,378 m · 1,015 ft 111 kt 14.4° 54.9 s

Takeoff from LIPB 01

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
684m40 %
Rotation speed100.00
86kttarget 90, 4 slow
Liftoff speed
90kt
Runway alignment96.88
4.47m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
93ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed75.37
105kttarget 130
Rate of climb100.00
691fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,015 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 865 m of runway left; gear up at 93 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,500 fpm on average to 1,015 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,250 ft625 ft0CLIMB 3105 kt avgtarget 130THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 86 kttarget 90Liftoff 90 ktGear up 93 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,708 m runway.

Rolled from 268 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 4.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 3.3 m left. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 4.46 m LROLL 268 M INAirborne 671 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 671 m of 1,708 m · 39 %
Behind the start of the roll, 268 mTakeoff roll, 403 m Left ahead, 1,037 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate820 fpm
On glideslope3.2°
On centreline0.2° off
On speed+15 kt
Wings level9° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.0 nm, about 370 ft above the runway, to the threshold, before the 300 ft gate.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDTF 34

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 120 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND622184300 ft gate7 of 7358 ft · 104 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 337 m left of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then inside the band from 1.1 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND337 m L11 m L6 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 45 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 27 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −3 kt and +23 kt on the approach speed of 89 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 89+23 kt+11 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDTF 34

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
9ft
Threshold speed100.00
86kttarget 89, 3 slow
Centreline offset96.07
5.71m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
221m
Centreline90.18
5.74m L
Speed100.00
79kttarget 86 or less
Touchdown rate94.52
-126fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.8° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 221 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 001° at 8 kt · 7 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 75 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 17 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 241 m30 kt · 473 mtouchdown492 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,040 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 26 ft, 153 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 9 ft, 41 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 221 m in, 84 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,040 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

9 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 26 ft, 153 m before the threshold−293 fpm · 0.4° · 90 ktdescent slowed at 3 ft · −37 fpm · 1.5°−126 fpm · 1.8° nose up · 79 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 9 ft, down at 221 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 290 fpm at the flare to 130 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−126 fpm at touchdown1.8° at touchdown, +1.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,040 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5.7 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 5.7 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 221 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 221 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 615 m of 1,040 m · 59 %
In the air over the runway, 221 mRollout, 395 m Left over, 424 m
Rollout distance100.00
395m59 % used
Rollout alignment92.65
5.65m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

Departing from LIPB Bolzano Airport, the aircraft initiated its takeoff roll on runway 01, accelerating to a liftoff speed of 90 kt in 391 meters, which represented 32% of the runway's length. The local weather conditions at the time were characterized by a temperature of 20 °C, with a wind of 15 kt at 359°, resulting in a 3 kt crosswind and a 15 kt headwind.

As the aircraft transitioned to the enroute phase, it began a climb from 1,836 ft asl to 17,434 ft asl, an increase of 15,598 ft in 10 minutes, covering 24 nm. This was followed by a brief level cruise phase, lasting 3 minutes and covering 12 nm, before initiating another climb from 17,442 ft asl to 23,285 ft asl, an increase of 5,843 ft in 5 minutes, covering 18 nm. The aircraft then entered a prolonged level cruise phase, lasting 29 minutes and covering 118 nm, before commencing its descent from 23,254 ft asl to 4,852 ft asl, a decrease of 18,402 ft in 14 minutes, covering 54 nm. The aircraft continued to descend, reaching 1,832 ft asl in 5 minutes, covering 14 nm, before entering a final level cruise phase, lasting 3 minutes and covering 7 nm.

As the aircraft approached EDTF Freiburg im Breisgau Airfield, it initiated its final approach to runway 34 from the south, aligning with the runway at 1 nm and 299 ft agl. The landing was successful, with a touchdown distance of 221 m, a touchdown speed of 79 kt, and a touchdown rate of -189 fpm. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.7 m from the centreline. The total landing distance was 639 m, representing 72% of the runway's length. Following the landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, covering less than 1 nm in 2 minutes. The total flight distance was 263 nm, with a total flight time of 81 minutes and a fuel consumption of 176 kg.

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