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KSNA
Santa Ana, United States
Runway 20R
Elevation56 ft asl
Weight1,096 kg
Fuel114 kg
Wind230° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

93.56 %
KSNA
Santa Ana, United States
Runway 20R
Elevation56 ft asl
Weight1,086 kg
Fuel103 kg
WindCalm
25 Jun 2025 0:23 21 nm Cessna C182 10 kg
Departure Score
91.73 %
Enroute Score
99.72 %
Arrival Score
89.22 %

What went well

Touched down at -298 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 31 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 16 ft and 51 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −1.72 points
Arrival Final 3 — Approach angle 4.2 ° at 7 %, Heading variation 3.5 ° at 85 %, −1.53 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 16.2 ° at 63 %, −1.04 points

Next time

Departure

Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.

What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 2.2°, more roll than the climb out called for.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb

See Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Lower the gear before the stabilisation gate, completing the landing checklist well ahead of final approach.

What happened: On final approach, the gear was not down in time for landing.

Watch for: Gear indicator: three greens confirmed before the gate

See Arrival Final 1

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport, Average speed was 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 0 29 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.3 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.5 2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 0.98 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Roll 84.55Departure roll runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport. Takeoff distance 360 m 21 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kt. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 2 kt at 230 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 360 m21 % of runway
80 % Liftoff speed was 74 ktTarget 61 kt
93 % Runway alignment max 5.08 m left5.08 m left to 0.69 m right 4.38 -0.15 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.13 g 0.99 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.2 ° min to max 4.1 ° 2.3 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 20R KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 81 kt74 kt min to max 86 kt 74 86 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.0 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.14 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 393 fpm245 fpm min to max 564 fpm 245 564 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 1 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.4 ° min to max 6.0 ° 4.2 6.0 °
Departure Climb 2 90.64Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 20R KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-1.9 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -1.9 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt86 kt min to max 89 kt 86 88 kt
63 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.3 ° min to max 16.2 ° 1.2 16.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.05 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 776 fpm568 fpm min to max 1,106 fpm 568 1,106 fpm
Info Average altitude 86 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 233 ft agl 51 233 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °6.0 ° min to max 8.6 ° 6.0 8.5 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport Santa Ana (California, United States). Climbing from 320 ft asl to 2,102 ft asl, an increase of 1,782 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kt80 kt min to max 121 kt 88 119 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 18.2 ° 14.1 8.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.80 g min to max 1.38 g 0.95 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 744 fpm-1,567 fpm min to max 2,509 fpm 1,098 892 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,443 ft asl320 ft asl min to max 2,301 ft asl 320 2,102 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °-7.8 ° min to max 15.6 ° 7.4 5.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 396 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 396 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 440 ft agl · 89 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Irvine (California, United States) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±606 ft of 2,323 ft asl2,122 ft asl min to max 2,375 ft asl 2,122 2,296 ft asl
100 % Average speed 122 kt105 kt min to max 126 kt 117 124 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.0 ° min to max 27.7 ° 8.6 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.14 g 1.08 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 6.7 ° 5.4 -0.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,244 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 2,244 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,244 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 2,276 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,276 ft agl · 130 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Fountain Valley (California, United States). Climbing from 2,297 ft asl to 3,000 ft asl, an increase of 703 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 126 kt123 kt min to max 128 kt 124 125 kt
100 % Average bank angle 21.9 °0.0 ° min to max 27.7 ° 0.4 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.99 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -149 fpm-225 fpm min to max 29 fpm 2 22 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,260 ft asl2,165 ft asl min to max 3,000 ft asl 2,297 3,000 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.5 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 98.67Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Santa Ana (California, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±650 ft of 3,115 ft asl2,937 ft asl min to max 3,675 ft asl 3,000 2,937 ft asl
93 % Average speed 126 kt85 kt min to max 159 kt 125 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.0 1.1 °

Events

Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 2,938 ft agl · 179 kt
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 2,861 ft agl · 179 kt
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 2,887 ft agl · 179 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3,575 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3,575 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 3,575 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,575 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 3,575 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,575 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 2,904 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 2,909 ft agl · 162 kt
Enroute Descent 99.91Enroute descent started overhead Santa Ana (California, United States). Descent from 2,897 ft asl to 1,394 ft asl, a decrease of 1,503 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 87 kt63 kt min to max 97 kt 77 97 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.0 ° min to max 12.8 ° 0.1 1.0 °
99 % Average g force 0.99 g0.47 g min to max 1.15 g 0.98 1.11 g
Info Average VSI -1,064 fpm-1,764 fpm min to max -100 fpm -328 -1,405 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,005 ft asl1,394 ft asl min to max 2,897 ft asl 2,897 1,394 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.9 °-8.9 ° min to max 4.4 ° 1.1 -5.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,651 ft agl · 67 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 2,651 ft agl · 67 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,651 ft agl · 67 kt
Arrival Final 3 67.91Approaching runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,319 ft agl to 831 ft agl. A decrease of 488 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
7 % Approach angle 4.2 °3.9 ° min to max 4.4 °Target 3.0 ° 4.4 3.9 °
100 % Average speed 93 kt89 kt min to max 97 kt 97 89 kt
85 % Heading variation 3.5 °2.5 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.7 2.5 °
87 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 8.0 ° 3.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -907 fpm-1,243 fpm min to max -658 fpm -1,243 -677 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,070 ft agl831 ft agl min to max 1,319 ft agl 1,319 831 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-4.5 ° min to max -0.8 ° -3.7 -0.8 °
22.252.52.7537508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-490-368-245-1230123245368490Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 79.90Approaching runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 822 ft agl to 356 ft agl. A decrease of 466 ft in 42 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
34 % Approach angle 3.7 °3.4 ° min to max 4.0 °Target 3.0 ° 4.0 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 82 kt78 kt min to max 88 kt 88 78 kt
97 % Heading variation 0.7 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 -0.4 °
99.8 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -653 fpm-773 fpm min to max -498 fpm -564 -498 fpm
Info Average altitude 585 ft agl356 ft agl min to max 822 ft agl 822 356 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-3.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° -1.2 0.2 °
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700750800Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-230-173-115-58058115173230Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 90.00Approaching runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 348 ft agl to -1 ft agl. A decrease of 349 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.6 °0.7 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.4 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 64 kt58 kt min to max 77 kt 77 58 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.3 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -428 fpm-714 fpm min to max -208 fpm -498 -215 fpm
Info Average altitude 54 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 348 ft agl 348 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-2.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 0.0 4.4 °

Events

Fail Gear not down
Info Flaps Position 1 213 ft agl · 77 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 204 ft agl · 76 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 99.96Landing on runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport, runway length 1,737 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 58 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 58 kt. Target 60 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.02 m right0.02 m right to 0.02 m right -0.02 -0.02 m
99.6 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.3 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.3 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.99 g min to max 0.99 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average speed 57 kt57 kt min to max 58 kt 58 57 kt
Info Average VSI -225 fpm-234 fpm min to max -216 fpm -216 -234 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 8 ft agl 8 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.9 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.3 3.9 °
07501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.62Touchdown distance was good at 31 m. Touchdown speed at 57 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -234 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 0 kt at 360 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Touchdown rate was -234 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 31 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 57 ktTarget below 57 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.29 m right2.20 m right -2.29 -2.13 m
96 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.99 g min to max 1.37 g 0.99 1.02 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 56 kt56 kt min to max 57 kt 57 56 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °3.4 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 3.5 °
Arrival Rollout 96.18Total landing distance 318 m, 18 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 318 m18 % of runway.
92 % Runway alignment max 5.38 m left5.38 m left to 2.27 m right -2.11 5.38 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average speed 47 kt30 kt min to max 56 kt 56 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.9 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 45 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 65 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 66 kt6 kt min to max 167 kt 30 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-8.4 ° min to max 13.9 ° 2.7 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 14.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 3.30 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,954 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Activated 2,899 ft agl · 179 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 3,009 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,463 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,057 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 270 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 34 ft agl · 54 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 18 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 17 ft agl · 49 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4 ft agl · 47 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 25 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kt5 kt min to max 7 kt 7 5 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.1 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.7 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 73 kt with 2.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.8° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 33 kt 2.3° 0 s
Liftoff344 m · target 61 73 kt 2.8° 12.7 s
35 ft591 m · 6.1 s after liftoff 84 kt 4.8° 18.8 s
End of the climb1,161 m · 233 ft 88 kt 8.5° 32.6 s

Takeoff from KSNA 20R

Takeoff roll100.00
494m28 %
Liftoff speed80.18
73kttarget 61, 12 fast
Runway alignment92.58
5.08m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
393fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 233 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,015 m of runway left; then climbing at 700 fpm on average to 233 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 73 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,737 m runway.

Rolled from 131 m in, drifted 5.1 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 27 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 5.10 m LROLL 131 M INAirborne 475 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 475 m of 1,737 m · 27 %
Behind the start of the roll, 131 mTakeoff roll, 344 m Left ahead, 1,262 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 1,000 ft gate: gear still up and centreline more than 1° off.

At the 500 ft gate: gear still up and centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: gear up all the way, banked until 3.2 nm, sinking too fast until 2.7 nm, left of the centreline until 1.4 nm, fast until 1.2 nm and no landing flap until 0.5 nm.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KSNA 20R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 3.4 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 740 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND9114341961,000 ft gate5 of 7gear downon centreline1,670 ft · 92 kt500 ft gate5 of 7gear downon centreline701 ft · 85 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 382 m left of the centreline at 3.4 nm, then inside the band from 1.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND238 m L18 m R4 m R271 m L94 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 3.4 nm, where the final began, to 3.0 nm, then fast to 1.2 nm (up to +33 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 64+28 kt+15 kt+12 kt−6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KSNA 20R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
16ft
Threshold speed100.00
51kttarget 64, 13 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.02m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
31m
Centreline100.00
2.29m R
Speed100.00
47kttarget 62 or less
Touchdown rate95.32
-298fpm
Impact100.00
1.37G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 2° of bank.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 57 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 16 s, an average deceleration of 0.09 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 303 mtouchdown315 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 16 ft, 34 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 31 m in, 273 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

16 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −298 fpm · 3.9° nose up · 57 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 16 ft, down at 31 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink grew from 240 fpm at 5 ft to 300 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−298 fpm at touchdown3.9° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,737 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.1 m right of the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 31 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 31 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.37 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 31 m of 1,737 m · 2 %
In the air over the runway, 31 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,706 m
Rollout alignment91.50
5.38m L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport. The aircraft, a Cessna C182, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 74 kt, covering a distance of 360 m, which was 21% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 20 °C and a wind speed of 2 kt from 230 °, resulting in a crosswind of 1 kt and a headwind of 2 kt.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it reached an altitude of 2,102 ft asl, an increase of 1,782 ft from the initial altitude of 320 ft asl, in just 2 minutes. This climb phase covered a distance of 3 nm. The aircraft then leveled off and entered a cruise phase, which lasted for 7 minutes and covered a distance of 8 nm, 1 mile south of Irvine, California.

The aircraft then began another climb phase, this time from 2,297 ft asl to 3,000 ft asl, an increase of 703 ft, in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nm. This climb phase took place 1 mile north of Fountain Valley, California. Following this, the aircraft entered another level cruise phase, which lasted for 2 minutes and covered a distance of 1 nm, 1 mile northwest of Santa Ana, California.

As the aircraft began its descent, it started from an altitude of 2,897 ft asl and descended to 1,394 ft asl, a decrease of 1,503 ft, in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nm. The descent phase took place overhead Santa Ana, California.

The final approach to runway 20R at KSNA John Wayne Orange County International Airport was made from the north east, with a heading of 215.0 ° at 3 nm and an altitude of 1,319 ft agl. The landing was successful, with a touchdown speed of 57 kt and a touchdown distance of 29 m, which was 18% of the runway length. The threshold speed was good at 58 kt, and the touchdown rate was fair at -234 fpm.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 16 °C and a wind speed of 0 kt from 360 °, resulting in no crosswind or headwind. The runway touchdown alignment was very good, and the runway rollout alignment was also very good. The total landing distance was 318 m, and the taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nm.

The total flight distance was 21 nm, and the flight duration was 23 minutes. The aircraft used 10 kg of fuel during the flight.

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