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EDDL
Düsseldorf, Germany
Runway 23L
Elevation125 ft asl
Weight65,883 kg
Fuel7,534 kg
Wind180° · 20 kn · 16 kn cross

Flight Score

96.28 %
EGPH
Edinburgh, Scotland
Runway 24
Elevation108 ft asl
Weight61,161 kg
Fuel2,647 kg
Wind230° · 47 kn · 7 kn cross
24 Oct 2026 2:05 598 nm Airbus A320ceo 4,887 kg
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
99.74 %
Arrival Score
89.11 %

What went well

Held the centreline on the roll in a 16 kn crosswind — 1.76 m off at liftoff
Touchdown 385 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 28 % of the runway used

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 665 fpm with one bounce, −1.64 points on the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 665 fpm−1.25
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced once−0.27
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.89 G at contact−0.12
Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 54 %, −0.93 points
Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 100 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −0.48 points

Next time

Arrival

Reduce power on final so the aircraft arrives at 145 kt over the threshold instead of carrying excess speed.

What happened: Crossing the threshold at 161 kt against a 145 kt target usually carries extra energy into the flare as a balloon, and the sink that returns afterward usually arrives hard at touchdown.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 145 kt at the threshold

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 22 stages, 20 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt6 kt min to max 25 kt 9 14 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23L at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport, Average speed was 25 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kt12 kt min to max 17 kt 15 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23L at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport. Takeoff distance 1,484 m 55 % of runway. Rotation speed was 147 kt. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 21 kt at 179 °. Crosswind: 16 kt Headwind: 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,484 m55 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 147 ktTarget 150 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.26 m left2.26 m left to 1.76 m right -0.05 -1.76 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 9.1 ° -0.3 9.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.2 2.9 °

Events

Info Runway Surface Conditions 8 ft agl · 142 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23L EDDL Düsseldorf Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 161 kt157 kt min to max 164 kt 157 164 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.2 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.00 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 484 fpm86 fpm min to max 983 fpm 86 983 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °9.4 ° min to max 13.9 ° 9.4 13.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23L EDDL Düsseldorf Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 165 kt164 kt min to max 166 kt 164 166 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.1 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.95 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,432 fpm995 fpm min to max 2,453 fpm 995 2,453 fpm
Info Average altitude 79 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 348 ft agl 28 348 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.9 °13.9 ° min to max 16.2 ° 13.9 15.6 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 234 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 234 ft agl · 166 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23L EDDL Düsseldorf Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 169 kt166 kt min to max 173 ktTarget 164 kt, 5 kt fast 166 173 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.95 g min to max 0.98 g 0.96 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up at 146 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.9 °
Info Average VSI 2,504 fpm2,450 fpm min to max 2,579 fpm 2,456 2,579 fpm
Info Average altitude 675 ft agl393 ft agl min to max 945 ft agl 393 945 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.1 °14.4 ° min to max 15.6 ° 15.6 14.4 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead EDDL Düsseldorf Airport Düsseldorf (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 1,123 ft asl to 36,008 ft asl, an increase of 34,885 ft in 18 minutes and covering 109 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 272 kt174 kt min to max 310 kt 174 261 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.5 °0.0 ° min to max 33.1 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.88 g min to max 1.20 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,003 fpm-4 fpm min to max 4,207 fpm 2,576 0 fpm
Info Average altitude 17,483 ft asl1,123 ft asl min to max 36,009 ft asl 1,123 36,008 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °3.0 ° min to max 14.6 ° 14.4 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 0-9 min to max 20 -5 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3,249 ft agl · 211 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,418 ft agl · 227 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,279 ft agl · 344 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 18,814 ft agl · 412 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 18,887 ft agl · 413 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Marken (Provincie Noord-Holland, The Netherlands) and lasted 45 minutes, covering 275 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,300 ft of 36,010 ft asl35,985 ft asl min to max 36,100 ft asl 36,009 36,014 ft asl
100 % Average speed 261 kt259 kt min to max 262 kt 261 261 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 21.2 ° 0.1 7.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 7 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.1 ° min to max 3.1 ° 3.0 2.9 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Whitburn (South Tyneside, England). Descent from 35,984 ft asl to 14,737 ft asl, a decrease of 21,247 ft in 10 minutes and covering 60 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 308 kt262 kt min to max 338 kt 262 280 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 19.0 ° 1.3 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.13 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -2,128 fpm-5,064 fpm min to max 1,970 fpm -736 -428 fpm
Info Average altitude 25,189 ft asl14,737 ft asl min to max 35,984 ft asl 35,984 14,737 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-4.7 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.6 1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 4 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles west of Hawick (The Scottish Borders, Scotland). Climbing from 14,657 ft asl to 18,394 ft asl, an increase of 3,737 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 256 kt250 kt min to max 264 kt 264 250 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.2 °0.1 ° min to max 25.0 ° 11.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.95 g min to max 1.27 g 1.02 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 929 fpm-445 fpm min to max 3,445 fpm -430 2,554 fpm
Info Average altitude 15,294 ft asl14,588 ft asl min to max 18,394 ft asl 14,657 18,394 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °2.2 ° min to max 8.9 ° 2.2 7.0 °
Info Turn coordination -3-9 min to max 2 -6 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 9 miles west of Hawick (The Scottish Borders, Scotland) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,436 ft of 19,006 ft asl18,728 ft asl min to max 19,054 ft asl 18,728 19,011 ft asl
100 % Average speed 240 kt230 kt min to max 252 kt 252 230 kt
100 % Average bank angle 19.7 °0.0 ° min to max 30.0 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.92 g min to max 1.16 g 0.92 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 40 min to max 8 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.7 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.8 3.4 °
Enroute Descent 2 99.37Enroute descent started 3 miles south of Peebles (The Scottish Borders, Scotland). Descent from 19,004 ft asl to 14,874 ft asl, a decrease of 4,130 ft in 5 minutes and covering 23 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 228 kt220 kt min to max 234 kt 230 228 kt
99 % Average bank angle 24.9 °0.0 ° min to max 40.7 ° 0.1 33.2 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.12 g0.80 g min to max 1.52 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -765 fpm-2,920 fpm min to max 669 fpm -32 669 fpm
Info Average altitude 16,045 ft asl14,857 ft asl min to max 19,011 ft asl 19,004 14,874 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-2.2 ° min to max 6.4 ° 3.7 4.8 °
Info Turn coordination -6-20 min to max 1 0 -10
Enroute Level 3 98.02Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of Peebles (The Scottish Borders, Scotland) and lasted 8 minutes, covering 32 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,244 ft of 15,000 ft asl14,884 ft asl min to max 15,015 ft asl 14,884 15,010 ft asl
100 % Average speed 215 kt209 kt min to max 230 kt 228 214 kt
95 % Average bank angle 22.3 °0.0 ° min to max 42.5 ° 35.3 23.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.98 g min to max 1.29 g 1.07 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination -4-20 min to max 11 -7 -9
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.9 ° min to max 6.1 ° 4.6 3.9 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Peebles (The Scottish Borders, Scotland). Descent from 15,009 ft asl to 4,999 ft asl, a decrease of 10,010 ft in 10 minutes and covering 44 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 200 kt180 kt min to max 216 kt 214 194 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.2 °0.0 ° min to max 25.0 ° 24.6 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.86 g min to max 1.16 g 1.09 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -664 fpm-1,757 fpm min to max 193 fpm -136 -241 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,164 ft asl4,999 ft asl min to max 15,010 ft asl 15,009 4,999 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-1.8 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.1 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination -3-14 min to max 10 -8 1

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 9,837 ft agl · 257 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,542 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 6,134 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 6,020 ft agl · 200 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south east of Anstruther (Fife, Scotland) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 13 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±749 ft of 4,970 ft asl4,958 ft asl min to max 5,001 ft asl 4,978 4,989 ft asl
100 % Average speed 205 kt193 kt min to max 223 kt 194 214 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.4 °0.0 ° min to max 29.8 ° 1.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination -1-14 min to max 1 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °2.6 ° min to max 5.1 ° 2.6 3.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 4,840 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4,841 ft agl · 229 kt
Enroute Descent 4 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles north west of Gullane (East Lothian, Scotland). Descent from 4,972 ft asl to 1,555 ft asl, a decrease of 3,417 ft in 7 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 167 kt136 kt min to max 221 kt 218 171 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.0 2.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -500 fpm-813 fpm min to max -5 fpm -21 -669 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,585 ft asl1,555 ft asl min to max 4,972 ft asl 4,972 1,555 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-1.3 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.7 -1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 3 0 3

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 4,388 ft agl · 234 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4,111 ft agl · 215 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4,003 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3,941 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 3,610 ft agl · 175 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 3,601 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 3,348 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 3,316 ft agl · 152 kt
Arrival Approach 92.86Final approach to runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport. Descent from 1,496 ft agl to 117 ft agl in 118 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
50 % On speedfailed at one of the two gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 86.00Landing on runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport, runway length 2,343 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 161 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Threshold speed was well above target at 161 kt. Target 145 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
54 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. Crossing the threshold 16 kt above target, the flare took all the sink out 30 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 893 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 385 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - that excess speed is what turns a normal flare into a balloon, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.
100 % Runway alignment max 5.67 m right1.35 m right to 5.67 m right -1.35 -5.67 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.5 °
99 % Average g force 0.97 g0.73 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 1.04 g
Info Average speed 157 kt150 kt min to max 161 kt 161 150 kt
Info Average VSI -442 fpm-691 fpm min to max -68 fpm -583 -682 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-2.2 ° min to max 3.9 ° -0.3 3.9 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,42501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,425-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 69.64Touchdown point was 431 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 150 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was heavy at -665 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 47 kt at 230 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 46 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
6 % Touchdown rate was -665 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 385 mTarget 457 m
76 % Speed at touchdown 150 ktTarget below 128 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.76 m right2.94 m right -5.67 -3.40 m
78 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.5 3.3 °
63 % Average g force 1.06 g0.90 g min to max 1.89 g 1.04 1.34 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 138 kt127 kt min to max 150 kt 150 127 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °3.9 ° min to max 8.4 ° 3.9 8.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,168 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,168 m50 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.72 m right0.00 m left to 1.72 m right -0.01 -1.72 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.04 g
Info Average speed 73 kt56 kt min to max 83 kt 83 56 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °2.3 ° min to max 8.4 ° 8.4 2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 81 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 39 kt15 kt min to max 44 kt 42 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 39 kt
Arrival Taxi 97.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 21 kt 15 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 41 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 147 kt, 3 kt below the 150 kt target, and lifted off at 157 kt 4.0 s later, the nose coming up at 2.5° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 164 kt target, at 169 kt on average.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1509.4° off · 2.5°/s14° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 21 kt 0.0° 0 s
80 kt247 m 80 kt -0.3° 11.5 s
Rotate1,211 m · target 150 147 kt -0.6° 29.7 s
Liftoff1,501 m · +10 kt from rotation 157 kt 9.4° 33.7 s
35 ft1,821 m · 4.1 s after liftoff 164 kt 14.3° 37.9 s
Gear up2,133 m · 146 ft · full marks to 400 ft 166 kt 16.2° 41.9 s
Climb 32,606 m · 393 ft to 946 ft · target 164 169 kt avg 15.6° 48.6 s
End of Climb 33,641 m · 946 ft 173 kt 14.4° 61 s

Takeoff from EDDL 23L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,484m55 %
Rotation speed100.00
147kttarget 150, 3 slow
Liftoff speed
157kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.26m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
146ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
169kttarget 164
Rate of climb100.00
484fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 946 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 878 m of runway left; gear up at 146 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,050 fpm on average to 946 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3169 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 147 kttarget 150Liftoff 157 ktGear up 146 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,690 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 2.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.5 m right, in 16 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 55 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS16 kn75 %widest 2.53 m LAirborne 1,492 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,492 m of 2,690 m · 55 %
Takeoff roll, 1,492 m Left ahead, 1,197 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate740 fpm1,030 fpm
On glideslope3.2°3.4°
On centreline0.2° off0.2° off
On speed+27 kt+23 kt
Wings level3° bank6° bank

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 22 kt above the approach speed of 145 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.7 to 0.5 nm, then not again: fast from 0.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EGPH 24

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 100 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,4237793961911,000 ft gate7 of 71,117 ft · 172 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on speed604 ft · 168 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 13× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 30 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR76 m L076 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND20 m R16 m R0 m R0 m L29 m R9 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.9 nm, then fast to 0.7 nm (up to +25 kt), then inside the band to 0.5 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +16 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 145+26 kt+26 kt+19 kt+15 kt+16 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EGPH 24

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
42ft
Threshold speed90.40
161kttarget 145, 16 fast
Centreline offset100.00
5.67m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
385m
Centreline100.00
5.76m R
Speed76.33
150kttarget 127, 23 fast
Touchdown rate6.38
-665fpm
Impact63.43
1.89G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare53.83

The flare strayed well off the target profile. Crossing the threshold 16 kt above target, the flare took all the sink out 30 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 893 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 385 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - that excess speed is what turns a normal flare into a balloon, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.

The crosswind

7 kt across from the left, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 150 kt. Touched down with the nose 13° into wind, wings level.

Wind 230° at 47 kt · 46 kt head · 7 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 36 ft. Touched down 385 m in, 80 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

42 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 36 ft · −399 fpm · 1.1° · 161 ktdescent slowed at 30 ft · 33 fpm · 1.9°−664 fpm · 3.9° nose up · 150 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 42 ft, down at 385 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 400 fpm at the flare to 40 fpm at 29 ft, then back up to 660 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−3°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−664 fpm at touchdown3.9° at touchdown, +2.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,343 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.4 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 1.4 m right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 7 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 385 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 385 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.89 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 665 m of 2,343 m · 28 %
In the air over the runway, 385 mRollout, 280 m Left over, 1,678 m
Rollout distance100.00
280m28 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.72m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 23L at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport in 5 minutes, covering 1 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 23L with a take-off distance of 1,484 m (55 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 147 kt. Local weather at departure was 13 °C, wind 21 kt from 179° (crosswind 16 kt, headwind 12 kt).

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 25 seconds, averaging 1,833 fpm and reaching 173 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,123 ft asl to 36,008 ft asl in 18 minutes, covering 109 nm, with the aircraft overhead Düsseldorf.

Cruise was level at 36,000 ft asl for 45 minutes, covering 275 nm, beginning 3 mi east of Marken.

Descent from 35,984 ft asl to 14,737 ft asl took 10 minutes over 60 nm, starting 2 mi east of Whitburn.

A climb from 14,657 ft asl to 18,394 ft asl lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm, beginning 2 mi west of Hawick.

Level flight at 19,000 ft asl continued for 3 minutes, covering 15 nm, starting 9 mi west of Hawick.

Descent from 19,004 ft asl to 14,874 ft asl took 5 minutes over 23 nm, beginning 3 mi south of Peebles.

Level flight at 15,000 ft asl lasted 8 minutes, covering 32 nm, starting 1 mi south-east of Peebles.

Descent from 15,009 ft asl to 1,555 ft asl required 22 minutes, covering 69 nm, beginning 1 mi north of Peebles, with a brief level-off at 5,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport descended from 1,496 ft agl to 117 ft agl in 118 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; speed was not met at one gate. Configuration was landing gear down at 4,388 ft agl, 234 kt; final flap position 5 at 3,316 ft agl, 152 kt.

Landing on runway 24 (length 2,343 m) had a good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 161 kt. The flare was poor; the aircraft ballooned in the flare. Touchdown occurred 431 m beyond the touchdown zone at 150 kt, which was fast, with a heavy rate of -665 fpm. The touchdown point was 5.8 m off the centreline. Local weather was 12 °C, wind 47 kt from 230° (crosswind 7 kt, headwind 46 kt). One bounce occurred on touchdown.

Total landing distance was 1,168 m (50 % of the runway) and the rollout alignment was perfect.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered 598 nm in 125 minutes and used 4,887 kg of fuel.

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