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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.
What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.
There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
Rotated late, and slowly
The nose came up at 160 kt, 7 kt after the 153 kt rotate speed, and rose at 2.3° a second, slower than the 2.4 to 5.0 other Boeing 737-900 pilots fly.
The pull started after the rotate speed and was then slow. Start it on the rotate speed and make it one positive, continuous movement at the normal rate for this aircraft.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 3,650 m runway.
Rolled from 116 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 2.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.1 m right. Airborne 70 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 935 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 551 m of runway left; gear up at 14 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,090 fpm on average to 935 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.4 to 5.0° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Boeing 737-900 pilots over the last 180 days (52 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 10°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 90 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 16× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 22 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −5 kt and +5 kt on the approach speed of 144 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare mostly held the target profile
The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 3.8° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 128 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 22 ft, 28 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 12 ft. Touched down 128 m in, 176 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 830 fpm at the flare to 390 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.8° on the way down. Into the flare at 140 kt, 4 kt under the 144 kt approach speed, and 139 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,797 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 1.9 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.1 m right at the widest. 4 kt across from the left, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 139 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 089° at 9 kt · 7 kt head · 4 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 128 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.45 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The Boeing 737-900 taxied from the parking area to runway 08 at KDEN Denver International Airport in 11 minutes, covering 3 nm.
Take-off was on runway 08, using 2,562 m (70 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 160 kt. The local weather was 20 °C with a 3 kt wind from 090°, giving a 3 kt head-wind and 0 kt cross-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 24 seconds, averaging 1,689 fpm and reaching 188 kt at the top.
The aircraft climbed from 6,306 ft asl to 34,997 ft asl in 21 minutes, covering 144 nm, beginning 3 mi east of KDEN.
Cruise at 35,000 ft asl continued for 101 minutes, covering 788 nm, beginning 1 mi south of Sharon Springs.
A further climb from 35,032 ft asl to 36,965 ft asl lasted 4 minutes and covered 30 nm, starting at latitude 28.0633798 longitude -92.6735289.
Level flight at 37,000 ft asl continued for 45 minutes, covering 361 nm, starting at latitude 27.6241008 longitude -92.3133652.
Descent from 36,994 ft asl to 1,215 ft asl took 30 minutes, covering 163 nm, beginning 72 mi north of Telchac Puerto, with brief level-offs at 4,000 ft asl and 3,000 ft asl.
Final approach to runway 12L at MMUN Aeropuerto Internacional de Cancún began with a descent from 1,250 ft agl to 35 ft agl in 100 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, on glideslope, on centreline, on speed, wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,897 ft agl at 185 kt; final flap position 7 was set at 2,397 ft agl at 175 kt.
Landing on runway 12L (runway length 2,797 m) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 140 kt. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred at 139 kt, 128 m from the threshold, with a firm rate of minus 387 fpm and very good alignment. One bounce occurred on touchdown.
Total landing distance was 1,337 m (48 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was perfect. Local weather at the airport was 27 °C with a 7 kt wind from 090°, giving a 6 kt head-wind and 4 kt cross-wind.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
The flight covered 1,497 nm in 217 minutes and used 9,243 kg of fuel.
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