Events
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Events
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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Ease back pressure in smoothly as you approach 65 kt, holding a steady rotation rate rather than snatching the controls.
What happened: On the takeoff roll the aircraft bounced before becoming fully airborne.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: a smooth, continuous pitch-up through liftoff with no secondary bounce.
See Departure Roll
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 72 kt with 1.2° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 139 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft 973 ft past the runway end; then climbing at 280 fpm on average to 139 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 2,711 ft runway.
Rolled from 239 ft in, drifted 12 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 70 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 2.2 nm, about 800 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 1,000 ft gate and before the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the centreline.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 280 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 2.5 nm, then drifted 280 ft right between 2.5 and 2.2 nm, then inside the band from 2.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −5 kt and +23 kt on the approach speed of 67 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Great landing flare
4 kt across from the left, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 53 kt. Touched down with the nose 6° into wind, wings level.
Wind 250° at 9 kt · 8 kt head · 4 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 42 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 4 s, an average deceleration of 0.17 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 30 ft, 20 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,101 ft in, close to the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 450 fpm at 29 ft to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.8° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,683 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 23 ft right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 29 ft right at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 1,101 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 3 minutes and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a PA28 Warrior II, then departed from runway 06 at CSG5 Saint-Jean-Chrysostome Airport. The takeoff distance covered 79% of the runway, and the liftoff speed was achieved at 72 knots. The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 27 °F, with a wind speed of 8 knots at 241°.
As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began its enroute climb 1 mile northeast of CSG5 Saint-Jean-Chrysostome Airport. The climb started at an altitude of 471 feet above sea level and reached 948 feet above sea level, an increase of 477 feet, in just 2 minutes. During this period, the aircraft covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise then commenced 2 miles north of the airport and lasted for 4 minutes, covering a distance of 6 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 29 at CYQB Quebec Jean Lesage International Airport was made from the east, with a heading of 280.0° at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,025 feet above ground level. The landing on runway 29 was successful, with a touchdown distance of 1,087 feet, which was 23% of the runway length. The threshold speed was good at 62 knots, and the touchdown speed was 52 knots, which was also good. The touchdown rate was excellent at -97 feet per minute.
The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 25 °F, with a wind speed of 11 knots at 250°. The crosswind component was 5 knots, and the headwind component was 10 knots. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 23 feet from the centreline, and the runway rollout alignment was also slightly misaligned by 33 feet from the centreline.
The taxiing period from the runway to the parking area took approximately 1 minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 13 nautical miles, and the total flight time was 11 minutes. The aircraft used 9 pounds of fuel during the flight.
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